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1、2021年12月六级真题(第3套)2021年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility.You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30
2、minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Re
3、ad the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.The persistent haze over
4、 many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the worlds urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health Organisation guidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died26 from outdoor air pollution in 2021.Globally, urban populations are expec
5、ted to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will27 the everyday lives and health of the coming generatio
6、ns. So what would a smog-free, or at least low-pollution, city be like?Traffic has become28 with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply29 to electric cars will not mean pollution-free cities. The level of emissions t
7、hey cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is30 , while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne31 as they wear out.Across the developed world, car use is in decline as more people move to city centres, while young people especially are32 for other means of travel.Researchers a
8、re already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its33 and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this34 , instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams. As users of Londons orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies ha
9、ve shown that doubling the size of a road can35 double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point.A)alternateB)crownC)determineD)generatedE)locatingF)mergedG)miniaturesH)optingI)particlesJ)peakK)prematurelyL)simplyM)switchingN)synonymousO)trendSection BDirections:In this section, you are goin
10、g to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking th
11、e corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.How much protein do you really need?A The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies with minimal effort by adding protein powder to your morning shake or juice drink. Or grab a protein bar at lunch or for a quick snack. Today, you can fi
12、nd protein supplements everywhere- -online or at the pharmacy, grocery store or health food store. They come in powders, pills and bars. With more than 12 billion in sales this year, the industry is booming and, according to the market research company, Grand View Research, is on tack to sell billio
13、ns more by 2025. But do we really need all this supplemental protein? It depends. There are pros, cons and some other things to consider.B For starters, protein is critical for every cell in our body. It helps build nails, hair, bones and muscles. It can also help you feel fuller longer than eating
14、foods without protein. And, unlike nutrients that are found only in a few foods, protein is present in all foods. “The typical American diet is a lot higher in protein than a lot of us think,” says registered dietitian Angela Pipitone. Its in foods many of us expect, such as beef, chicken and other
15、types of meat and dairy, But its also in foods that may not come immediately to mind like vegetables, fruit, beans and grains.”CThe U.S. governments recommended daily allowance (RDA) for the average adultis 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. This may sound like a lot, but Pipitone says: “We get bits o
16、f protein here and there and that really adds up throughout the day.” Take, for example, breakfast. If you eat two eggs topped with a little bit of cheese and an orange on the side, you already have 22 grams of protein. Each egg gives you 7 grams, the cheese gives you about 6 grams and the orange -a
17、bout 2 grams. Add a lunch of chicken, rice and broccoli (西兰花), and you are already over the recommended S0 grams. “You can get enough protein and meet the RDA before you even get to dinner,” says Pipitone.D So if its so easy to get your protein in food, why add more in the form of powders, snack bar
18、s or a boost at your local juice bar? No need to, says Pipitone, because, in fact, most of us already get enough protein in our diet. “Whole foods are always the best option rather than adding supplements,” she says, noting the FDA does not regulate supplements as rigorously as foods or drugs. So th
19、ere could be less protein, more sugar and some additives you wouldnt expect, such as caffeine (咖啡因).E If you are considering a supplement, read the list of ingredients, she says, although this is not always reliable. “Ive seen very expensive protein supplements that claim to be high quality but they
20、 might not really be beneficial for the average healthy adult,”she says. “It could just be a waste of money.”F But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein.“Anytime youre repairing or building muscle,” Pipitone says, such as if youre an extreme endurance athlete, training for a mar
21、athon, or youre a body builder. If youre moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week. as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends, or less than that, youre probably not an extreme athlete. Extreme athletes expend lots of energy breaking down and repairing and building muscles. Prot
22、ein can give them the edge they need to speed that process.G Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat animal-based protein sources like meat, dairy or eggs. And, for someone always on-the-go who may not have time for a meal, a protein snack bar can be a good option for occas
23、ional meal replacement. Also, individuals recovering from surgery or an injury can also benefit from extra protein. So, too, can older people. At around age 60, “muscles really start to break down,” says Kathryn Starr, an aging researcher, “and because of that, the protein needs of an older adult ac
24、tually increase.”H In fact, along with her collage Connie Bales, Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles. Participants in the study were separated into two group
25、s -one group was asked to cat 30 grams of protein per meal in the form of whole foods. That meant they were eating 90 grams of protein a day. The other group-the control group-was put on a typical low-calorie diet with about 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. After six months, researchers found the hi
26、gh protein group had significantly improved their muscle function-almost twice as much as the control group.“They were able to walk faster, had improved balance, and were also able to get up out of a chair faster than the control group,” Starr says. All 67 participants were over 60 years of age, and
27、 both groups lost about the same amount of weight.I Starr is now looking into whether high-protein diets also improve the quality of the muscle itself in seniors. Shes using CT scans to measure muscle size and fat, and comparing seniors on a high-protein diet with those on regular diets. She says he
28、r findings should be available in a couple of months.J In the meantime, 70-year-old Corliss Keith, who was in the high protein group in Starr latest study, says she feels a big difference. “I feel excellent,” she says. “I feel like I have a different body, I have more energy, Im stronger.” She says
29、she is able to take Zumba exercise classes three times a week, work out on the treadmill (跑步机), and take long, brisk walks. Keith also lost more than 15 pounds. “Im a fashionable person, so now Im back in my 3-inch heels,” she says.K As people age, Starr says muscle strength is key to helping them s
30、tay strong and continue living on their own in their own home. “I feel very much alive now,” says Keith. I feel like I could stay by myself until Im 100.”L But can people overdo protein? Pipitone says you do have to be careful. Other researchers say too much protein can cause cramps (痉挛), headaches,
31、 and fatigue. Dehydration (脱水) is also a risk when you eat too much protein. Pipitone says if you increase protein, you also have to increase your fluid intake. “I always tell people to make sure theyre drinking enough fluids,” which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day, which translates
32、into eight 8-ounce glasses of water or liquid per day.M There have been some indications that extra protein makes the kidneys work harder, which could be problematic for individuals with a history of kidney disease and for them, the supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones, she says.N Bott
33、om line, if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you 60 years or older? If so, adding high protein foods like eggs and meat products to your diet can be beneficial. And, if youre not sure
34、, it is always a good idea to check with your primary care provider.36.It is quite easy for one t take in the recommended amount of protein.37.Pipitone claims that healthy adults need to spend money on protein supplements.38.The protein supplement business is found to be thriving.39.Protein can spen
35、d the requiring of damaged muscles.40.Protein supplements may overburden some internal organ, thus leading to its malfunctioning.41.Older adults need to take in more protein to keep their muscles strong.42.Protein is found in more foods than people might realize.43.Additional protein was found to he
36、lp strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.44.Pipitone believes that whole foods provide the best source of protein.45.People are advised to drink more liquid when they take in more protein.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
37、 some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Last
38、 year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs. When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughters birth, she was asked if she
39、 was prepared for what might be a daunting(令人生畏的) task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a “privilege”.Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools. Our attitudes allow us
40、to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You werent born wi
41、th attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in our presence. As you acquire a distinctive identity, your attitudes are
42、further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify-your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence. About
43、that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes.Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and feel ab
44、out someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts dont necessarily predict behavior. In general, your attitudes will be internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. Thats
45、why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but dont behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea.One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to
46、start behaving as if you already feel and think the way youd prefer to. Take some time to reflect on yourattitudes, to think about what you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? If so, start behaving-right now-as if the latter is the case.46. What do we le
47、arn from the passage about attitude?A) It shapes our beliefs and ideologies.B) It improves our psychological wellbeing.C) It determines how we respond to our immediate environment.D) It changes the way we think, feel and interact with one another.47. What can contribute to the refinement of ones att
48、itude, according to the passage?A) Their idols behaviors.B) Their educational level.C) Their contact with the opposite gender.D) Their interaction with different cultures.48. What do many studies find about peoples feelings and thoughts?A) They may not suggest how a person is going to behave.B) They
49、 are in a way consistent with a persons mentality.C) They may not find expression in interpersonal relations.D) They are in line with a persons behavior no matter what.49. How come many people dont do what they believe is good?A) They cant afford the time.B) They have no idea how to.C）They are hypocritical.D) They lack willpower.50. What is propo