《大学英语-翻译课件-名词及名词词组.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语-翻译课件-名词及名词词组.ppt（31页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Lecture Four,Nouns and noun phrase,为了庆祝James. Bond 系列电影面世50周年，至本年底，英国National Motor Museum特地举办了一个名为“Bond in Motion” 的展览，展示了James. Bond 50台著名座驾，供影迷和车迷近距离观赏，尽情饱览其风采。,In celebration of James Bonds monumental 50th anniversary this year, 50 original James Bond vehicles have been put on public display unt
2、il December 2012, at the National Motor Museum, giving fans the opportunity to get up close to their favorite film cars from the last 50 years.,Every year, SIHH serves as a stage for Cartier to show off its talent. This year is no exception.,每年都以庞大阵容在 SIHH上展示实力的 卡地亚，今年同样 毫不松懈。,Classification of noun
3、s Number in nouns*,4.1 Classification of nouns (student),Classification in terms of word formation Classification in terms of lexical meaning Classification in terms of grammatical meaning,4.1.1 Classification in terms of word formation,Simple noun Compound noun Derivative,4.1.2 Classification in te
4、rms of lexical meaning,Common noun Individual nounstudent, Collective nounpeople Material nounbook Abstract nounbeauty Proper noun,4.1.3 Classification in terms of grammatical meaning,Countable noun Uncountable noun,4.2 Number in nouns,4.2.1 单、复数形式与单、复数概念 英语中，单数和复数有形式和概念之分，而我们无论是在教学中还是在各类辞典中，很少把它们加以
5、区分，统统把它们说成“单、复数”。其实，两者完全不同。单、复数形式指的是名词的数的形式；而单、复数概念指的是名词所表示的数的概念、意念或意义，英语里有三种数的概念，它们是单数概念、复数概念和零数概念。,4.2.2 单数形式表示复数概念,police, people, cattle, militia, poultry, vermin，clergy(神职人员）, swine，public foliage, machinery, luggage, poetry, clothing, cutlery（餐具）, correspondence, vegetation（plant life), compan
6、y, mankind, man,audience, class, club, committee, company, council, crew, crowd, family, gang, government, group, jury, mob, staff, team, union The present government, which hasnt been in power long, is trying to control inflation. It isnt having much success. The government, who are looking for a q
7、uick victory, are calling for a general election soon. They expect to be re-elected. A lot of people are giving them their support.,4.2.2 单数形式表示复数概念,4.2.3 复数形式表示单数概念,news, the movies，the woods，arthritis, bronchitis, diabetes，phlebitis，billiards，dominoes，Athens, Naples, the United Nations，the United
8、States, the Netherlands, physics, mechanics, optics, linguistics,4.2.4 复数名词做定语,a book store two book stores But: a woman doctor two women doctors; a gentleman farmer three gentlemen farmers,Noun adjectives That iron door is for the center building. The glass windows let in the morning sun.,4.2.4 复数名
9、词做定语,current tendency: sports page, a brains trust, a games period, students groups，suggestions box, an awards ceremony, the Contagious Diseases Act, the samples depot,I Proper Noun as Attributive 美国政府 the United States government 核能标准委员会 Nuclear Standards Board,II 表示多层次意思的名词作定语 an honors students 优
10、等生 the commodities fair 商品交易会 a saving bank 储蓄银行,III 复数形式作单数用的名词作定语 news agency a mathematics teacher an economics degree,IV 名词单复数同时作定语，意思不变 a custom (s) house 海关 the enquiry (enquiries) office 问讯处 a trouser (s) pocket 裤袋,VI 意思不同的单复数名词作定语 a glasses frame 眼镜框 a glass frame 玻璃框 arms race 军备竞赛 an arm b
11、and 臂章,4.2.5 一个名词与另一个名词在数上的一致性,Jim is a friend of mine. But: Joe is no longer friends with me. You have the head of ten persons.,1) 地点名词做主语,地点名词做主语时，相当于一个地点状语，因此也就没有数的概念。 His room is all books and bottles. (There are books and bottles everywhere in the room) The area is mainly marshes. My family is
12、mostly scholars.,2) 在一些固定搭配中,Jim made faces at me. Jim made friends with me. Women have an eye for fashion. The players all had a drop too much. Girls have a sweet tooth.,3) 表示独一无二、只有一个的意义或避免误解,Three of the students gave their answer immediately. Husbands should care for their wife. Some people use
13、their left hand. All members signed their name. Most students cast a vote for Tom. When people come in they must show their ticket.,4) 不可数名词、表示抽象意义的名词,Scientists must try to use their intellect to the greatest advantage. It affected the life of many workers. Few houses have furniture. The students s
14、howed honesty.,泛指一类事物或表示类别时,冬天人们要戴帽子。 Camels（主要名词）have a hump（次要名词） on their back（次要名词）. Carrots are my favourite vagetable. People are now leading a happy life. Most houses have a fire-escape. Many families keep a dog.,Practice: 公鸡有冠。 一些亚洲人用手吃饭，不用筷子。 狗有敏锐的听觉（ear)。,4.2.6 名词的单数形式与复数形式意思不同,单数形式（不可数） 复数形式（可数/不可数） iron irons 锁链，手铐 sand sands 沙地 stone stones egg eggs lamb lambs onion onions coffee coffees,water waters ground grounds force forces compass compasses paper papers work works art arts custom customs,