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1、Emily DickinsonI died for beauty-but was scarceI died for beauty-but was scarceBy Emily Dickinson我为美死去，但是还不曾安息在我的墓里，又有个为真理而死去的人来躺在我的隔壁。他悄悄地问我为何以身殉？“为了美，”我说。“而我为真理，两者不分家；我们是兄弟两个。”于是象亲戚在夜间相遇，我们便隔墙谈天，直到青苔爬到了唇际，将我们的名字遮掩I died for beauty, but was scarce Adjusted in the Tomb,When one who died for Truth, w
2、as lain In an adjoining Room.-He questioned softly why I failed? For Beauty, I replied.And I for Truth, -the Two are One; We Brethren are, he said.And so, as Kinsmen met a Night,We talked between the Rooms,Until the Moss had reached our lips, And covered up our names.The content of this poem is that
3、 two dead people were having a conversation about their previous lives. One of them died for truth, the other one died for beauty. And then they talked till moss came and covered up the names on the tombs,The first stanza shows us there are two characters that both died. The first person who died fo
4、r beauty is the narrator. According to the word scarce we could easily know that he did not conform to society when he was alive. This stanza also introduces him as if the narrator feels that this person died for a good case.In the second stanza, the two characters talk together and share their stor
5、ies of what they died for. At the end of what the conversation, the one who died for truth tells the narrator that both their reasons are the same after death, and they are just like the brothers. It shows that what was done on earth was insignificant and that all reasons one dies for in the end are
6、 the same.The last stanza shows the whole theme of the poem. No matter what people died for, their names would e faded away after time passedTone: slight and softMetaphor: met a Night=deaththe Rooms=social classes and acceptanceWhen one who died for Truth, was lainIn an adjoining Room.- = the person
7、 who died for truth seems to almost have died as a hero while the narrator is not. The talking between rooms shows hat social boundaries are no longer important after death.The two different people symbolize the people who have the different social classes and acceptance. The narrator is placed in o
8、ne room, and the other who died for truth is placed in another. From the slight change in tone to the very character name, the new person seems to almost have died a hero. The new character is extremely socially acceptance, yet the narrator, who died an outcast, is not. The talking between rooms sho
9、ws that after death, societal boundaries are no longer as eminent as in life.The structure of the poem: meters common to protestant hymn booksUnusual use of punctuation marksSome kind of doggerelsUnusual use of punctuation marks:In this poem, the writer just uses some simple rhetoric techniques and
10、punctuation. The first stanza uses the rhetoric of dividing one sentence into two lines without punctuation. The second and third stanza just uses a question mark and the dash marks. All those show that Emily Dickinson didnt pay much attention of the use of punctuation marks.Some kind of doggerels:D
11、oggerel-poetry that is badly written or ridiculous , sometimes because the writer has not intended it to be serious. Though Emily is a prolific poet, some people called Emilys poems “doggerels(打油诗), so as this poem. From this we can have a main idea of the style of doggerels in that time.Doggerel is
12、 usually the sincere product of poetic incompetence, and only unintentionally humorous, as with the work of Julia A. Moore (1847-1920)Questions1. Why does the first speaker I say that he was scarcely adjusted?Because he died for beauty, which was caused by then Englishs class greedy and resultant fi
13、ghting by the republic.2. Why does the second speaker “he”ask, “Why I failed?Failed here appeals with died. This word applies that the speaker failed because the pursuing of beauty. Because many people in that society did not agree with his ideas.3. The second speaker says, “We Brethren /breer?n/(弟兄
14、们;同胞) are”. What does he mean?That means both of them were stricken by that society in the way of pursuing their dreams.4. What happens to the two speakers toward the end of the poem? And what does it imply?It happened that They failed and were forgotten by people. We can see this from the sentence
15、Until the Moss had reached our lipsAnd covered upour namesEmily Dickinson a prolific private poet 1830 1886?Dickinson, Emily Elizabeth (1830-1886), Americas best-known female poet and one of the foremost authors in American literature. Dickinsons simply constructed yet intensely felt, acutely intell
16、ectual writings take as their subject issues vital to humanity: the agonies and ecstasies of love, sexuality, the unfathomable nature of death, the horrors of war, God and religious belief, the importance of humor, and musings on the significance of literature, music, and art.Family background?was b
17、orn into a Calvinist family of Amherst, Massachusetts.?her grandfather: the founder of Amherst College?her father and brother: the College Treasurer and TrusteeEmily Dickenson work(1) My Life Closed Twice before Its Close(2) Because I Cant Stop for Death(3) I Heard a Fly Buzz When I died(4) Mine by
18、the Right of the White Election(5) Wild Nights Wild Nightsthemes: based on her own experiences/joys/sorrows(1) religion doubt and belief about religious subjects(2) death and immortality(3) love suffering and frustration caused by love(4) physical aspect of desire(5) nature kind and cruel(6) free wi
19、ll and human responsibilityComparison: Whitman vs. DickinsonSimilarities:(1) Thematically, they both extolled, in their different ways, an emergent America, its expansion, itsi ndividualism and its Americanness, their poetry being part of American Renaissance.(2) Technically, they both added to the
20、literary independence of the new nation by breaking free of the convention of the iambic pentameter and exhibiting a freedom in form unknown before: they were pioneers in American poetry.Comparison: Whitman vs. Dickinsondifferences:(1) Whitman seems to keep his eye on society at large; Dickinson exp
21、lores the inner life of the individual.(2) Whereas Whitman is national in his outlook, Dickinson is regional.(3) Dickinson has the catalogue technique (direct, simple style) which Whitman doesnt have.Nathaniel Hawthorn(1804-1862)Calvinism?a Protestant theological system and an approach to the Christ
22、ian life.?The system is often summarized in the Five Points of Calvinism and is best known for its doctrines of predestination （命中注定）and total depravity （全然败坏）, stressing the absolute sovereignty of God and the futility of human action.Five Points of Calvinism?Total depravity?Unconditional election?
23、Limited atonement?Irresistible grace?Perseverance of the saintsCharacteristics of her poetry?telling images, suggestive and connotative, sometimes incomprehensible?a severe economy of expression?direct and plain words (Anglo-Saxon origin), simple syntax?faulty grammar?no regular rhythm, at most off
24、or slant rhymes?meters common to Protestant hymn books?unusual capitalization?unusual use of punctuation marks?Short lines, typically lack titles her poems, and the editors numbered them approximately according to the time sequence in which they were written.?Her poetry is a clear illustration of he
25、r religious-ethical and political-social ideas.Poems concerning death and immortality“I Heard a Fly buzzwhen I died”?death - stillness - decadence?Ones death may be a most trivial event, leading to no after-life.?no visi on of Gods eternity, a comic relief“Because I could not stop for Death”?immorta
26、lity: endlessness of the journey; death is the only beginning?To die is to go on another journey.?toward eternity, the end of miseriesEvery image extends and intensifies every other. The 3rd stanza especially shows Dickinsons power to fuse, into a single order of perception, a heterogeneous series.
27、She has presented a typical Christian theme in its final irresolution, without making any final statement about it. We are not told what to think; we are told to look at the situation. Allen Tate“My life closed twice before its close”Death is unknown because no traveler returns.Death is the way to b
28、oth Heaven and hell.parting: death, part with the world; parting between peopleGod is benevolent as well as ruthless.Dickinson sees nature as both gaily benevolent and cruel.A Bird came down the Walk?the beauty of nature and the natural objects?comparison of the birds hopping along as swimmingNature
29、 is wh at we seeApparently with no surprise?- an accidental murder to which the sun is apathetic and if which God approves?- Nature kills without design (mental plan, purpose).She believes that beauty, truth and goodness are ultimately one.other subjects“I like to see it lap the Miles”the image of a
30、 galloping horse?in response to the expansion“The Brainis wider than the Sky”?Human imagination is no worse than God.“Tell all the Truth but tell it slant”influence?Although Dicksons poems were called doggerels （打油诗）and nursery rhymes, she was rediscovered and brought to light in the 20th century. All the characteristics of her poetry found their way into the poems of some modern poets. She stood as one of the greatest lyric poets of America.