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1、自然拼读法基本规则:1. 二十六个字母的读音(Letter Sou nds).五个元音字母 (a, e, i, o, u),每个发两种音：长音(其字母音)和短音y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音2. 单元音单词拼读(Consonan t-Vowel-C onsonant Comb in ati ons)如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音，且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音女口：Sam, cat, mat, 等等.Beginning ConsonantsEnding ConsonantsOne Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sou nds3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel
2、 Words):一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，一般来说，前边一个元音发长音(其字母音)， 后边一个元音不发音.女口：make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等.4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读(Consonant Blends)Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr,tw, scr
3、, spl, str)Ending consonant ble nds (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)Words ending in II, ss, ffConsonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)5. 特殊读法(1)-带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)igh, i ng, i nd, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous,e
4、d, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。Examples:ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)ew (n ew, few), eigh (eight, weight),ed:says /ed/: patted, la nded, liftedsays /t/:
5、 walked, hopped, stoppedsays /d/: cried, played, cheweder (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (bur n, hurt)ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, ni ght, light), ireoi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host),
6、olt,oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow ； 读音二： bow, low, blow, snow),ou (shout, out, loud)ould (could, would), ough (五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),ought, , ous (famous, n ervous),ue (cruel), ui (fluid)tion( atte nti on, ficti on), sion (passi
7、on, expressi on),ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le6. 特殊读法2)如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音，而且元音在末尾，这个元音一般发长音(其字母音) (Vowel at the end).女口： me, hi, go, baby, table, humor , hibernate 等等。Y在末尾 (作为元音处理(y at the end ):单音节词 , 没有其他元音，y 发 ” ”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as“”)： my,why, fly, sky多音节词 ,y
8、发”E”勺音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced asE”): daddy,mommy, baby , honey, crazy7. 特殊读法3)-固定读音的单词(Sight Word):is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field等.? ?它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死硬背8. 特殊读鴻)-辅音的特殊读法有一些辅音不发音(sile nt consonan ts).Sile nt b: comb, lambSile nt h: ghostSile
9、 nt k: knife, kno ck, kn ob, know?Sile nt w: write, wrist, wreck?c和k 在一起时，发一个音:quick, black 等.q总是和在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt 等.之所以指出这一点是在这里u不能再被认为是元音，而是和q 起组成一个辅音组合.于是，在quite这个单词里只有两个元音，是双元音单词，第一个元音i发字母音，第二个元音e不发音.p和h在一起，发 /f/ 的音:phone, photo.复数 s 及末尾 s 的读音 (Plural s and the sounds of ending s)c和
10、g的两种读音:女口果i(或y)或者 e 跟在 c或者 g 的后边,c发/s/, g 发/j/的音:center, cigar, nice, mice, gem,giant, gym, page.其他情况下 ,c 发 /k/, g 发 /g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.特殊情况： get, give9. 多音节单词和复合词(Words with multiple syllables and compound words)多音节单词 :believe, multiple, syllable, compound 复合词:homework
11、, highway, sidewalk, inside, outside自然发音二十八条拼读规则1 .字母q总是与在一起，读做/kw/,此处u不作元音.2 . 字母 c 在字母 e, y, i 前读做 /s/ (cent, city, cycle),其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).3. 字母e, i, y之前的字母 g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做 /j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的 g 读做 /g/(gate, go, gust).4. 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做
12、字母音(长音a, e, o, u),有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port ? rather than rep ort).5 .字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym),但是也可读做l(silent, my, type).6 . 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).7 .有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she,和he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e,较的单词末尾的e不发音)尾字母e不发音应该被认为是” having a job ”(承担一项工作)10. bake gene time/type code cute使他前面的元音字母
13、发字母音.11. love give blue true 使我们不要以一个 v和一个 u结束一个单词.12. chanee bodice charge allege 使 g 和口 c 读软音 /j/ 和口 /s/.13. lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母14. are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding 女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri 女士叫做老工作尾字母e,并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(d
14、e nse而不是 de ns, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).7.5.2 力口长短的主意词(main-idea),女口 awe, ewe, rye7.5.3区分同音异形词的含义 .女口 or/ore for/fore.7.5.4中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的，现在不发音.女口 treatisegiraffe8. 有五种字母组合发 /er/的音/,记住下面的句子.Her nurse first works early.这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的另外,or在 w后业可以发 /er/的音.还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如doll
15、ar, doctor.9. 1-1-1规则:单音节单词中，结尾是单元音加单个辅音的，在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop-hop ped).但是词尾是 x除外，因为它由两个音 /ks/.10. 2-1-1规则:双音节词中，结尾是单元音加单个辅音的，在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时，需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin- be gin + ning).第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).11. 去e规则，以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的 e.(c
16、ome-coming)12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下，应该是ie,但是1) c之后用 ei; 2)发字母 a的音时，用 ei(neighbor, weigh, vein).还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish),还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish),但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头，除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).1
17、4. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头，发音/sh/.常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发 /sh/时用什么样的音素.比如infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tialmusic to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cialsoci (compa nion) to so cial / an cie n (old) to an cie ntcruc (cross) to cru cial / spec
18、i (kind) to spe cial15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense-tension),其中的音素 si 发 /sh/.discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion16. 音素 si 可以发 /zh/, 女口 vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.17. 只有一个元音的单音节词，常常双写词尾的l, s, f.比如will, off, miss.有时双音
19、节词也用到这条规则,如re cess18. 词尾为长音 a时,常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时，常发长音.(find, old)(1)15. s从不在x后，音素x包含一个/s/音，/ks/.16. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个I,但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).17. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l,作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).18. 音素 dge只用在单元音后面，而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, l
20、odge, budge).19. Y变I规则:进行词尾变化时，词尾是一个辅音字母+y,要变y为i.下列两种情况驻外加-ing,变后会引起音节分裂.city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni estmultiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny /de nied20. 音素ck只用在单元音后，而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).21. 字母开头的z永远发/z/,不会发/s/.基ma22. 音素 ed 有三个音,基本词以 /
21、t/ 和 /d/ 音结尾,ed 发 /ed/(divide-divided, heat-heated);本词以浊辅音结尾的，ed发/d/( lived),以清辅音结尾的发/(stopped)23. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma thetic),重读音节的辅音才发音 ，非重读音节的辅音不发音 lit tle.自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: l
22、ick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:s un umbrella cup bus nut gun un cle un dercape n ame tape lake game make take hatethese Japa nese Chin esebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天 :ai ay ee
23、 ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail ra in paint pain jail rail n ail maiday:bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat pea nut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:d on key mon key jockey turkey mon key hockey key trolleyie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight ni ght tight hig
24、ht fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:ra in bow pillow yellow win dow bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue:Sue blue glue true第三天 :ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park garde ner:sister brother un der rooster wi nter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circ
25、us dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfi ng turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morni ng corn fork第四天 :ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clow n owl crow n brow n flower toweroi:co in oil point no ise boil soil pois
26、on coil oy:oyster boy cowboy soy toy au:august sause sausage n aughty autu mn applause aw:paw draw saw straw strawberry law n oo:m oon zoo roof rooster boots food spo on room cool fool boom foolish oo:book cook good foot look hook ea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather 第五天 :ch sh wh ph
27、 th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicke n chair cherry sh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovel wh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisper ph:photo elepha nt teleph one trophy pharmacy alphabet th:brother feather leather father mother th:thumb three bathmat th
28、irsty thief bath mouth teeth kn:knob knee knife knock knit wr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write mb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb 第六天 :bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr dr bl:blue black blouse bloom bleach bla nket blonde hair fl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flower pl:pla ne play plus pla net
29、platform plum plate pla nt cl:clock cloud clea n clay climb close clap clow n gl:glove globe glass glue glasses glider br:bright brook brim bride brow n bread brick brother cr:crow n crab cream crow cray on crocodile cry croissa nt gr:gray gree n grass grapes ground grow gran dma pr:prixe price praw
30、 n press prince prin cess pray fr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frame tr:tractor truck train tray tree tria ngle trunk trolley dr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink 第七天 :sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew y sm:smile small smell smoke smooth sn:sno wma n snow snore sn ake sn a
31、il sn eakers sn eakers sn ack sl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swa n swim sweet swi ng sweater sweat sp:spider spaceship spin ach spo on spell st:stock ings store star stamp storm stick stude nt sta nd sc:scarf scooter sca nner scarecrow scale scorpi on scoop sk:sk unk skis skirt
32、 skates all:call tall fall ball wall ew:dew few view hew new n ephew n ewspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby自然拼音强化练习：To ngue twister24. A big black bear sat on a big black bug.25. A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black no se!26. Ca
33、t, Cat, catch that fat rat.27. A fat cat catches a mad rat.28. Blue glue gun, gree n glue gun.29. Black backgro und, brow n backgro und.30. A no isy no ise annoys an oyster.31. A good cook can cook good cookies.32. At noon I took a good book , and sat by the pool in the wood .I soon took off my boot
34、.A nd putmy foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.33. The hun ter and his huge horse hide beh ind in house.34. Betty better butter Brads bread.35. Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.36. The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.37. Sir
35、, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.38. A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, Let us fly! Said the fly, Let us flee! So theyflew through a flaw in the flue.39. I wish you were a fish in my dish.40. Jea ns three sheep are n ear the gree n jeep.41. There are
36、thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that birds throat.42. Neither father nor mother likes this weather.43.It a sgoat,sitting in a boat,wearinga coat and writing a note.lt sbear,sitting on achair,holding a pear and combing its hairt s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking ata clock .It s a fly,weari ng a tie,hold ing a pie and wav ing good bye.