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1、1,William Blake (1757-1827),2,To see a World in a Grain of Sand And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour. - William Blake: Auguries of Innocence,3,一沙一世界, 一花一片天， 掌中握无限, 永恒刹那间! -译者不详,从一粒沙看世界， 从一朵花看天堂， 把永恒纳进一个时辰， 把无限握在自己手心。 王佐良,4,1. Life and Career B
2、orn Nov. 28, 1757, in London. Son of a haberdasher. Largely self-taught. Originally studied to be an artist. Started writing poetry at 12. Supported himself as an engraver and illustrator of his own and others work.,5,2. Major Works Songs of Innocence (1789) Songs of Experience (1794) Marriage of He
3、aven and Hell (1790) a few prophetic books,6,Songs of Innocence/Experience,7,Songs of Innocence and Experience,The Songs of Innocence were published by Blake in 1789, and he produced a combined version of Songs of Innocence and of Experience in 1794. The Songs are now often studied for their literar
4、y merit alone, but they were originally produced as illuminated books, engraved, hand-printed, and coloured by Blake himself. The text of the poem and the accompanying illustration formed an integrated whole, each adding meaning to the other.,8,Songs of Innocence : the innocent, pastoral world of ch
5、ildhood ; The Lamb Songs of experience: an adult world of corruption and repression; The Tyger.,9,在天真之歌中，诗人以“羔羊”为中心意象，组成一个欢乐、善良、和谐的农业文明图景：牧童吹着欢乐的短笛，歌声荡漾在青草地上；孩子在荒野中迷了路，上帝就化身为父亲将他送回家去；小蚂蚁迷了路，萤火虫打着灯笼送它回家；羔羊在吃草，狮子在羊栏边徘徊了一阵，流下“金色的眼泪”，终于躺下来和它睡在一起而在经验之歌中，诗人则以“老虎”为中心意象，展现现一幅正在生长中的痛苦、邪恶、分裂的现代工来文明图景：田野一片荒芜，道
6、路长满荆棘；孩子们论落街头，挨家挨户扫烟囱；士兵们在流血叹息，妓女们在夜半的街头诅咒；街道和河流“专利”化，“残酷、妒忌、恐怖和隐秘”代替了“爱、仁慈、怜悯与和平。”,10,11,12,The Chimney Sweeper is the title of two poems by William Blake, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794.In the earlier poem, a young chimney sweeper recounts a dream had by on
7、e of his fellows, in which an angel rescues the boys from coffins and takes them to a sunny meadow; in the later poem, an apparently adult speaker encounters a child chimney sweeper abandoned in the snow while his parents are at church.,13,A little black thing among the snow: Crying weep, weep, in n
8、otes of woe! Where are thy father (a) Tyger?(Tiger) (b) 直呼法（apostrophe ), question mark(？)，excalmatory mark(！) (c) 格律：扬抑格(trochee) (d) 韵律：aabb (e) Notes: burning bright; fearful symmetry; distant deeps; began to beat; what dread grasp dare its deadly terrors grasp? (f) when the stars threw down thei
9、r spears, And waterd heaven with their tears?,28,（g) The Awe and Mystery of Creation and the Creator: The poem is more about the creator of the tiger than it is about the tiger itself. In contemplating the terrible ferocity and awesome symmetry of the tiger, the speaker is at loss to explain how the
10、 same God who made the lamb could make the tiger. The poet leaves us to awe at the complexity of creation, the sheer magnitude of Gods power, and the inscrutability of divine will. Hence, this theme: humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.,29,The third step: Discuss : what is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? “Evil” “contradictory paradox”；“fearful symmetry”,