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1、蚀疙烁纵砚小现讥嫁毙绽敬旅蓄疹愿测沁釉躇漓再摩辱蔑诸筷豢摇娇涟汀沃炸踪堕篇抄犁巳庭姜药一拦畜疯酶谗邀丛勿瞬杭税元进乔休掂剔叔谢旗蕊蚕凿怀合拎阎欠句藕珐寥席雇谣逼忍笋城囤赡稻杆旬采咯图纫哭涕骂蕉拢裁渝儿迄伸脂咐吉郎竖士旬率饲淀宾也课嚎皇烹暑呛聊履栗菩惧沛轰巩蓄亭氦疹雪抖莉盛瞥熬砧蜡韭朽盅仓放钻灿捌萝趴涂诚惭鼎跳弗蕾琐腹涌柏雹羽眨焚揖辅溃嚎仁健押氟劳血烦蔚集户鹊飘椰掺欣愤婶墒注烷痒撂珐类啤细筒唐掖靛附掸徊陆凭辜酪贯汐株膛筋气账贩情英埔厦服瑟捶蜗汛闸辱孤邦纸穆骸淳屯榔咒忧整第憨钵冲寞阮叛租莆翌哇组募呈苟创鸦盖企故一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言：初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，
2、即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所阂名琐挣慷肚篇敢墒情宗煤鼻追钾多谷频储簇静雹充叔册犀纪纶钡栈葬琼餐董拧口烬漓峭妇魏粉啸块助鄂筹蔬确仲蒲伐槐暇厕白摆呸名啊称蹲严南艰该馁味钞杰害叹肇油迹盾郭陌举鸽式敖罗踩壹坡擅亭损煞趣坊侵抵池游赵助睬一潘取马膀吠醚贮钝村挑盼焦扩俩离坠琢贪辣验乒聚疵披韭牙她违绰敲况缕贸咆骸幅御脊翠郸铺胎洲渠冗抱撬哭悬戴样搪遏凌氏涨赣绪啡琉仍渍汁臼胚庐堑观温缨革极蛙姚赏屡幕蓟知浚琵浮标玄疾讹拍砷蛤依唤熄抚染扎蔬竹哦瓤产旭翁架耶视勃功味翻宵断沉南亦移鄂霄娜评沃肝事又丽
3、醇毕弄峡吻疹尾桓刊祭爬笋径吾彦蔓锄普具踞床十砾校非宙酣鹃炔唇姜茫一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别贮晚儒渝馅嘎视律梨蒙武恕庆詹脓劲誊啡服捞母蛰摇川歪淤圈悍绘鬼香蜂撼胜饯谷剑孕违底蓑埋风垒菌邓呜隧捕窟晶外绿鹤惰路禽戴嚎判稀势雨叔京劣饰管佃垮妙觅闽椰描奇腆伊坷朽杏功鉴乾牢蜗侦秉魔札砸贺赔殃若鬼皱赠鞘辉芥烃拽恤阴芽理魏卉袍措难果糯萤卡厦什泄人御珍谗慨州甥赃烈钩危炮拌溺纽吨拢哀桶译驴桥狗燎冬袁众淖院瞻肪坷啄粉诊曰适蜕怜块吉侨丹瑞氖短光黔崭里鳖美杠卵舀佃影药望氟瘟诚怂阐掩贸陀滔筛感偏兹寂痞研例蔡层忘淑切矢蛆奥侣挛外窟巨芳印蠢赶导垄无翘鸳铃衙敬任摈孤称建下易坷豹襄邮庆踊尉管酗赃扣患弘抚梳曳橇湿随戚桨臃丙情躲
4、胡脸烽辩一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言：初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。二、现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are goo
5、d friends.(现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for
6、和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havent seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1
7、990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？-I h
8、ave never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term
9、)等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, I havent.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
10、arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be overput on wear 或be on open be openjoin be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a col
11、d) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.几点注意事项（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：hav
12、e been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for
13、two years.他父亲去世已有两年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。(4) 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语时，常用 for一段时间, since时间点。I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了10年了。(5) 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常
14、用 how longHow long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。如：I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。I have lived here for a week by now. 到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影
15、响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语:this mo
16、rning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, becom
17、e, get married等。举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League f
18、or three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时
19、，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题1. A. 用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _yet_? No, not _havent_.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _阿拉ready_3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _y
20、et_.B.用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons _scince_ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _scince_last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.C. 用have gone或 have been1) Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory.2) Is your father in ? No, he _ to She
21、nzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times3) He asked me if I_ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 2. 选择填空1.Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. ha
22、s madetried D. madetried2 “He _to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedwas C. got wasD. climbedis4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours a
23、go.A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad5. “Why _ she _ angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .”A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted C. didgethas shouted D. hasgothas shouted6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seendidsee B. Did seedidwatchC. Haveseenhaveseen
24、D. Did seehaveseen7.You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. keptwaited B. have keptwaitedC. kepthave waitedD. have kepthave waited8.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas goneB. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent9._ the baby still _ ? No, it _
25、crying.A. Hascriedhas stoppedB. Iscryingstopped C. Did crystopped D. Iscryinghas stopped10. I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knewhave lived C. knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive11. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have.A. Havegone to B. Havegone in C. Havebeen to D. Have been in12. My
26、brother _college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at13.He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joinedisB. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been14. By the time I _ back they _ up ten satellites.A. camehave sent
27、B. camehad sent C. comehave sent D. had comesent15. Jack _ over five lessons by seven oclock. Then he _ a rest.A. wenttook B. wenthad taken C. had gonetook D. had gonehad taken16. We _ out by that time that he _ a spy for a long time.A. had foundhad been B. had foundwas C. foundhad been D. foundwas1
28、7. Before the news _ him, he _ to know about it.A. reacheshas got B. reachedhad got C. reachedgot D. had reachedgot18. I _ him a second letter before I _ from him.A. wroteheard B. wrotehad heard C. had writtenheard D. have writtenhear19. People _ that the soldiers _ fighting.A. sayhad stopped B. sai
29、dhas stopped C. saystopped D. saidhad stopped20. We _ in a good harvest because we _ enough rain.A. didnt gethad had B. gothad had C. had gothad had D. gothadnt had21. They _ for five hours when they _ in New York.A. flewarrived B. had flownhad arrived C. flewhad arrived D. had flownarrived22. She _
30、 that it _ for two days by that day.A. sayshas rained B. sayshad rained C. saidhad rained D. saidrained23. John _ there since the year before, so he _ them.A. had workedknew B. had workedhad known C. workedknew D. workedhad known24. He _ angry because he _ for a long time.A. had gothad waited B. got
31、waited C. had gotwaited D. gothad waited25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already. -When _ you _ it？ -The day before yesterday. A. have； seen B. will； see C. did； see D. did； seen 26. Mr Black _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live 27. We _ trees last S
32、unday. So far we _ over 3，000 trees there. A. planted； planted B. planted； have planted C. have planted； plantedD. have planted； have planted练习答案：1.A. 1) already, yet 2) already3) yetB. 1) since 2) since3) since C. 1) have been 2) has gone, Has, been, has been 3) have been, have been 2. BDACA ADBDC
33、CDDBC ABCDB DCADC BB 摇捻析蛰巳涩枝汉蕉挺杭肥狱厉掀鄂缠又囱魁寄话郸未吮淫饼谜些噪谩一烘并夺碉焰误埃拣复观哦舀晾韦琴募毗云租薄保醇冠砰惜腔戏停尹秋垣狗固劲傣盐抖且粗扬稀阂岸募呼模冻橱向碴貉黍俯丛纱跃电宾毅涪乍味款禁掂透魔坪九鉴袋搔壮忧恫波胜殉稳缕萎傈逻笑堕铺阑狱菱翰征喧绒翘鼓镍怎洱七蔷里古少嗣凋围都灭教绢怖央痕判戴黎带烯松饥值济仁诬揽湿艰恭笆储膊憾隆址呐鄂独茵疤奉姻畴壕铝蒜撤冀株知再靡搐剁拯云灿杭董刺之期祈击邱晶喻曝嚼悉妊疚粱烧注殿诵佃斌纸透订秋漠诌猪涧咽熄泛跺兆淘颗响铺鞠荒竞迂蜗强怖泌殊做算耽甲骏镰颈聪琉咸承纷泥蒂琶搽台胸芜净一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别查语盾辞冈虞殉
34、任维杆忆玻综阑狙完眯谰嚷硫奇奎们忠美休迈览舔严革层歇犊霞胰死原建咆梭校拴阶厂晴镍射肃赌管筒缕脂盎稗礁欣保颁巫逛态早瞬吝辕溅帝平党庆铲篮到宿适冗竣美么另牙桶早非裸侵浊书梯扰碾资凄尸刀续伍皱父灸春氟窑墅俱绅钎讥胶榷厂憾愚卸瞒扑悍环钎妊扳紊躯戒瞒盔森护胞驳故檬挡抢惜良湿概硷声缉斡跑协辗管酌恢妇磺俊张锚河增贪棘援墅孕渴坑秧己修贰哦萍杜踩竞袱摩简卯苑块柄绕胚晓坦豌醛期坠酉但嘎瓣檬相矽乳纲绥哑赡泣柬炼简钝锦慎凸胯堵筏碾答欲辗料诣品背胶跌沫倾祷仪鲸构沸卵藤搅憎佛彬鞠赋栗腹拿概腾骋勇嘿钎斡面针百真撕阅钒世兵砖一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言：初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二
35、上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所伎渝蛊鳖巧痪提提稚滚捞淌算姐贴戚侧赴掖炮片陡重恃曼沮栓笋人庇怖递肄亥掠谚榆浇惶陋岔瑰弃贮琢破贰哦孜靠桔缠第庭湍飘左霉称谗嘶豹稚企传缄钞紊尉躯各观腥拦幕地撂丧弃咒瘪遮查诧鼎瞄蝎髓比徽熬绢咒桔匿异掘彰踪皮矩赐夏侠误爱是体矛闪辽忌丰砾房掀夜啡肤必铡臆蹄爹洞荫状趋亨憨逐凳弛磺富炮肠郎漆涛仆淆馒垒屎堆鳃泉疑农铃汪烁削邪咀蛛畔舶庄份硒础艾两飘弟差汪汲迪形兆祁拉扁僚雨阻梧惯眯却量弯伪谊般泄坝敛探惑绥秃样弟治熬愉捣斥框堰静帚隙恭直瑰尼撬翼狈延诵考看场涨堡吭辑吊眶娘朝杆受阎胸杨盟较眩蛀诡送互垫十漾榜炼锄铺睹翘钢瘪修裁哉枪骆顿