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1、五 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1、简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词She came.主语及物动词宾语She likes English.主语系动词主语补语She is happy主语动词间接宾语直接宾语She gave John a book主语动词宾语宾语补语She makes her mother angry主谓宾名代动词名代we- saw -you. we- did -the work.主系表名代系动词形容次名词代词you are beautiful you seems worried. 相同点：都三部分，主语也一样不同点：否定式不同动词加
2、助动词，系动词不用表语可以是形容词，宾语不行只有宾语有补足语。2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1）、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2）、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3）、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字
3、叫萍萍)4）、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5）、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghai is a big city
4、.(上海是个大城市)6）、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。He works hard .(他工作努力)7）、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) /He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) /主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in hi
5、story. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep.3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态
6、和特征。He is a teacher. （名词）You dont look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)常见连系动词1. “存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。例如: The s
7、tory sounds true. Those oranges taste good star.2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如: It will stay fresh for several days.The store remains closed.3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得
8、), get(变得)等。例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词
9、后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money5. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the laz
10、y boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）6. 状语：用来
11、修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If
12、 you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well. tired worried yellow interested firsthis homework English your pronunciation new words to go swimming family given third some downstairs on the face Every night when he was eleven fast With the m
13、edicine box under her arm练习题：(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the
14、picture on the wall.A. dontB. likeC. pictureD. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon(三) 挑
15、出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good at
16、tention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.（五）划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did
17、 he leave any message for me?(六) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.