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1、1,高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上） INTEGRATED COURSE,2,Unit 8,Smarter Transportation,3,Content,Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project,4,Task 1 Work in pairs. Choose your favorite car from the cars given on P220 and tell your partner why you like it best.,Sta
2、rting outTask 1,5,Task 2 Role play. Work out a conversation with your partner in which one of you dreams of having a car and lists the benefits, while the other plays the opposing role and complains about the damage caused by cars.,Starting outTask 2,6,Useful words and expressions: Benefits: conveni
3、ent, comfortable, luxurious, enjoy freedom, higher standard of living, privacy, independence, take better care of the young and the aged, protected from pick pockets, Shortcomings: jam the roads, energy-consuming, high cost, emissions, air pollution, theft from car parks, breakdowns, stressful drivi
4、ng.,Starting outTask 2,7,Starting out-Task 2,Task 3 Discuss with your group members how to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities? You may give some suggestions on how to improve the roads and traffic regulations and how to make cars smarter to avoid being caught in traffic jams.,8,GPS (G
5、lobal Positioning System) guides drivers to the right place without wondering about on the streets. Cars can be made smaller, too. The latest concept cars are foldable in order to save parking space.,Starting out-Task 2,9,The Hidden Danger of Seat Belts,Reading Focus,10,Reading Focus,11,It is well-k
6、nown that seat belt is one of the safety measures aiming to save lives, prevent injuries, and reduce car crashes. Why does the writer say there are “hidden dangers” caused by buckling seat belts? Would you give an example to support this statement?,Background Information,12,Reading Focus Global Unde
7、rstanding,Its common knowledge that _ _. But, according to John Adams _ _. Adams explains his research in terms of _. For example, seat belts may cause _, and thus pose risks to _. There are many factors that affect risk, including _.,Complete the following extract.,seat belts decrease our,.,risk of
8、 dying in an accident,the reality is messier and more complicated,than that,risk compensation,people to drive more recklessly,other passengers or pedestrians as well as themselves,financial, physical or emotional rewards,13,Task 2,Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence f
9、rom the text.,Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,A,B,A,A,B,B,A,B,B,A,Reading Focus Detailed Information,14,Critical Thinking,Reading Focus,15,Step One In the text, the author said:,Seat belts may actually cause people to drive more recklessly. Seat belts save lives. A young man is 100 times more likely to be i
10、nvolved in a severe car crash than is a middle-aged woman.,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,16,Step Two Discuss in groups:,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,What safety measures have been included in car designs? Why does John Adams say that driving at 3:00 a.m. on a Sunday one is more than 100 times mor
11、e likely to die than someone driving at 10:00 a.m.? Can you explain this situation according to the risk compensation theory?,17,1. Seat belts still decrease our risk of dying in an accident, but the statistics are not all black and white. (Para. 1) black and white: 1) (of a photograph, film, televi
12、sion programme, or illustration) in black, white, shades of grey, and no other colour e.g. old black-and-white movies 2) (of a situation or debate) involving clearly defined opposing principles or issues e.g. It was all grey areas; no black-and-white certainties.,Reading Focus Language Point,18,2. W
13、hat he found was that contrary to conventional wisdom, mandating the use of seat belts in 18 countries resulted in either no change or actually a net increase in road accident deaths. (Para. 2) mandate: require (something) to be done; make mandatory e.g. The government began mandating better car saf
14、ety.,Reading Focus Language Point,19,3. If he is wearing a seat belt and his car has front and side air bags and anti-skid brakes to boot, he may in turn drive a bit more daringly. (Para. 3) to boot: used at the end of a list of remarks to emphasize them e.g. 1) He is kind, handsome and wealthy to b
15、oot. 2) She was a great sportswoman, and beautiful to boot.,Reading Focus Language Point,20,4. In the case of seat belts, instead of a simple, straightforward reduction in deaths, the end result is actually a more complicated redistribution of risk and fatalities. (Para. 4) redistribute: v. to give
16、something to each member of a group so that it is divided up in a different way from before 再分配，再分发 e.g.: Their primary concern was to redistribute income from rich to poor.,Reading Focus Language Point,21,5. Consequently, any single measurement assigned to the risk of driving a car is bound to be o
17、nly the roughest sort of benchmark. (Para. 5) benchmark: something that is used as a standard by which other things can be judged or measured 基准 e.g. 1) The valuation becomes a benchmark against which to judge other prices. 2) Tests at the age of seven provide a benchmark against which the childs pr
18、ogress at school can be measured.,Reading Focus Language Point,22,Key to step 1 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8-,Task 1 Step 1 Match the words in the left column with their correct meanings in the right column. Note that each word has more than one meaning.,e, m,c, j,b, q,g, n,a, f, l,h, i,k, o,d, p,Reading
19、Focus Vocabulary in Action,boot,bound,fatal,negotiate,net,the odds,reward,vacuum,23,Step 2,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase and write down the corresponding meaning (marked aq in the table above) at the end of each sentence. Change the form if necessary.,Reading Focus Vo
20、cabulary in Action,Key to step 2 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,boot (m),vacuum (p),rewarded(o),reward (k),net (f),negotiating (n),odds (h),odds (i),Fatal (b),negotiations (g),24,Task 2 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase from each group. Change the form if necessary.,Readi
21、ng Focus Vocabulary in Action,1. black and white in black and white A. Part of the problem is that we only see the issues as _. B. Once its down _, you cant forget it. C. I still get a thrill seeing re-runs of old _ movies on Saturday afternoon television.,black and white,in black and white,black-an
22、d-white,25,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,2. on the scene behind the scenes set the scene A. The accident victim died before the ambulance arrived _. B. Foster _ before the performance so that the audience knows what to expect. C. Women make their contribution in the world either in high-profile
23、 or _.,on the scene,set the scene,behind the scene,26,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,3. make a difference make all the difference make any difference make no difference A. He told me he should have been more careful, but that it would _. B. The lighting will _ to how well people can see the pict
24、ure. C. Will exercise _ to my chances of getting fat? D. A few kind words at the right time _.,make no difference,make a difference,make any difference,make all the difference,27,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,4. work on work out work against A. If you _ it steadily you should win through in the
25、 end. B. Criticising the security procedures usually _ making them effective. C. Why dont you leave him here till you see how things _?,work on,work against,work out,28,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,5. spread out spread through spread to A. Buddhism _ China from India. B. Felix watched his men
26、_ to cover the whole area. C. A mass movement against forced labor _ the state.,spread to,spread out,spread through,29,Task 3 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase from the four choices given below.,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,A,B,B,D,A,B,C,B,D,C,Reading Focus Vocabula
27、ry in Action,30,Intelligent Transportation SystemsITS,Reading More,31,Reading More,Global Understanding,Detailed Information,Critical Thinking,Language Points,Vocabulary in Action,1,2,3,4,5,32,Answer the following questions: 1. What is the usual solution for reducing traffic in major cities? _. 2. W
28、hat does ITS refer to? _. 3. How can ITS solve traffic problems? _ _ _ _,To widen highways.,ITS solves the problems through engineering and technology. That is to say, by combining the hardware, software, and networking necessary to gather, process, and distribute information about traffic flows.,In
29、telligent Transportation System.,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,33,4. What does the writer want to say by citing the example of EMS? _ _. 5. What is the first step in running an ITS system? _ 6. What is used in the data collecting stage? _,ITS will improve the safety and eficiency of providing eme
30、rgency help on city freeways.,Information gathering.,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,Infrared cameras, loop detectors and computers.,34,7. What is the second step of running an ITS system? _ 8. What is the third step? What is this step equipped with? _ _ _.,Transmitting the gathered information.,Co
31、llecting and processing the data. A central station is needed. It is equipped with a powerful mainframe computer and a lot of storage space.,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,35,9. What is the significance of using ITS? _ _ _ _ _ _. 10. Why does the US government support ITS? _ _ _,By processing and
32、analyzing data, the system works out traffic congestion patterns and makes predictions on the possible occurrences of congestion on certain routes. This helps reduce traffic congestion, and engineers are able to accurately and quickly monitor the entire system.,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,Becau
33、se governments and politicians have realized that we need to make the highways smarter, not just wider.,36,Task 2 Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false according to the text. Key: 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10),T,F,F,F,T,T,T,F,Reading MoreDetailed Information,F,T,37,Cr
34、itical Thinking,Reading More,38,Discuss in groups the following questions. 1. Scientists have developed an Intelligent Driver Information System (IDIS). Although drivers cant see IDIS, they have benefited from the system. To name a few, drivers will be given a warning if they doze off while driving,
35、 if they are distracted in intensive traffic situations, and if the washer fluid level is low. Imagine as wild as you can and describe what you want the IDIS to do for you with your dream car.,Reading MoreCritical Thinking,39,2. In a car accident in Hangzhou on May 7, 2009, a university graduate was
36、 hit to death by a sport car driver, who was speeding on a crowded city road. The case has aroused a heated discussion on civic safety and security endangered by speeding and other poor driving habits. What should be done to stop such drivers from causing more deaths?,Reading MoreCritical Thinking,4
37、0,3. Have you ever encountered any dangerous situations in traffic? Or have you witnessed any dangerous behaviors of some drivers? What do you think of such experiences? 4. Some lawyers propose that heavily speeding behavior should be sued for endangering civic safety and innocent lives. The most se
38、vere punishment can well be death penalty. Whats your opinion?,Reading MoreCritical Thinking,41,1. Personal transportation is truly a marvel of the twentieth century. (Para. 1) marvel: something or someone that is extremely useful or skilful e.g. 1) The bridge is an engineering marvel. 2) It is a ma
39、rvel that the patient has a place where recovered completely.,Reading More Language Point,42,2. If the system is integrated into the transportation infrastructure so that EMS is alerted within seconds of a traffic accident, many lives can be saved. (Para. 4) integrated into: with combine or work tog
40、ether in a way that makes something more effectivee.g. 1) We must integrate theory with practice. 2) Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy,Reading More Language Point,43,3. The problem is that it would require a massive workforce to successfully implement this sort of program in
41、 a major city like Los Angeles. (Para.5) implement : to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen e.g. 1) Knowing how to implement those changes is procedural knowledge. 2) Very few parties in government ever want to implement major political reform.,Reading More Lan
42、guage Point,44,4. This is a massive undertaking; imagine connecting a huge number of sensors spread out over the freeway system of an entire city! (Para. 10) spread out: to cover a large area e.g. 1) The city spread out below her looked so calm. 2) The search party spread out to search the surroundi
43、ng fields.,Reading More Language Point,45,5. The United States government is backing ITS as a more useful method to solve the traffic problem than just building more roads. (Para.13) backing: to support someone or something especially with money, power, or influence e.g.:,Reading More Language Point
44、,1) The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region. 2) There is a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.,46,6. Improvements are constantly being worked on. (Para. 13) work on: to spend time making or fixing something e.g. 1) He has been working on a new novel for over a year now. 2) Every weekend you see him working on his car.,Reading More Language Point,47,Task 1,accommodate astounding autonomous congestion equivalent implement integrate make a difference me