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1、高考必考英语语法超级归纳一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（ a, an），定冠词（ the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法A plane is a machine that can fl指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofy.2A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。第一次提及某人某物，非特指3We study eight hours a day.表示 “每一 ”相当于 every，one4We are nearly of an age.表示 “相同 ”相当于 the same Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong
2、number. There isn用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与t_ Mr. Smith here.5某名人有类似性质的人或事B. aA. 不填C. theD. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng（.活雷锋）a couple of, a bit, once upon a ti用于固定词组中 me, in a hurry, have a walk, ma 6ny a time用于 quite, rather, many, half, whaThis room is rather a big one.7t, such之后She is as clever a girl
3、as you can8用于 so(as, too, how)+形容词之后wish to meet.success(抽象名词 ) a success(具体化 ) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事a shame带来耻辱的人或事用于抽象名词具体化的名词前9a pity可惜或遗憾的事a must 必需必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识. 定冠词的用法IIIn many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transport表示某一类人或物1ation.A. a; theB. /;
4、aC. the; aD. the; the用于世上独一无二的事物名the universe, the moon, the Pacific Oc2ean词前表示说话双方都了解的或上3Would you mind opening the door?文提到过的人或事用于演奏乐器4play the violin, play the guitar用于形容词和分词前表示一5the reach, the living, the wounded类人Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we don t have _ Johnson表示
5、“一家人 ”或“夫妇 ”（对比上文6here in the village.的不定冠词用法5）A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the;/用于序数词和形容词副词比7He is the taller of the two children.较级最高级前用于国家党派等以及江河湖the United States, the Communist Part8y of China, the French海，山川群岛的名词前用于表示发明物的单数名词9The compass was invented in China.前在逢十的复数数词之前，指10in the 1990二十s(世
6、纪九十年代 )世纪的某个年代用于表示度量单位的名词前11I hired the car by the hour.用于方位名词，身体部位名12He patted me on the shoulder.词III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，Beijing University, Jack, China, lov1e, air人名地名等名词前I want this book, not that one. /W名词前有 this, my, whose, some,2hose purse is this?no, each, every等限制季节，月份，星期，节假日，一Ma
7、rch, Sunday, National Day, sprin3g日三餐前Lincoln was made President of Ame表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前4rica.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前5He likes playing football/chess.We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.6与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前A. the; theB.不填； the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填husband and wife, k
8、nife and fork,7以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时day and night表示泛指的复数名词前8Horses are useful animals.二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称个体名词抽象名词集体名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句名词性质意 义 She held someflowersin her h个体名词花儿and. The trees are now inflower抽象名词开花 Youthis beautiful.抽象名词青春 He is ayouthof twe
9、nty个体名词年轻人 They have achieved remarkable抽象名词成功successin their work. How about the Christmas evening party?成功的事个体名词I should say it was a success.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质 Ironis a kind of metal.物质名词铁 Please lend me youriron.熨斗个体名词 He broke a piece ofglass.玻璃物质名词 He broke aglass.玻璃杯个体名词 I bought a chicke
10、n this mornin个体名词小鸡g Please help yourself to somec物质名词鸡肉hicken抽象名词与个体名词的转换 I d like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a They sent usword of the latest happenings. 消息（抽象具有动作意义的抽象名名词）词加用
11、与某些动词（如：A.aB.anC./ D.thehave等）连 Could we haveword before you go to the meeting? 话用，表示某一次短暂（个体名词）A.a B.anC./D.the的动作类例： have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bathmake an advance(进步 )/make anearly start(早点出发 )/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain
12、(发出痛苦的叫声 ) /give a try Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a m表示知识和时间的ust in_international trade today.A.a,/B.the, anC.the, theD. /, the抽象名词转换为普a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况 )通名词时可以用来give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识 )表示 If there were no exa
13、mination, we should have_atschool.其中的一部分A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier time is money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise抽象名词转换为普通名C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise词可用来表
14、示 “一次、一 She looked upwhen I shouted.阵、一种 ”具体的行为、A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in事件、现象或结some surprise果。这时名词前往往其它例子： The gift came as a complete surprise to me. Wehave had some unpleasant surprise有形容词修饰 It is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusualB. suchunus
15、ualC.such an unusualD.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形man-men, woman-women, foot-fee1t, goose-geese, mouse-mice式sheep, deer, series, means, works,单复数相同2fish, speciesashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, c
16、ontent只有复数形式3s一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff4audience, class, family, crowd, cou部分集体名词既可以作单数（整ple, group, committee, governmen5t, population, crew, team, public,体）也可以作复数（成员）enemy, partycustoms(海关 ), forces(军队 ), times(时代 ), spirits(情绪 ), drinks(饮料 ), sands(沙滩 ), paper复数形式表示特别含义6s(文件报纸 ),
17、manners(礼貌 ), looks(外表 ), brains(头脑智力 ), greens(青菜 ), ruins(废墟 )Americans, Australians, Germans,加-sGreeks, Swedes, EuropeansSwiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japan表示 “某国单复数同形7ese人”以-man 或-woman 结尾的Englishmen, Frenchwomen改为 -men,-womensons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-b将主体名词变为复数y, story-tellers, boy friends
18、无主体名词时将最后一grown-ups, housewives, stopwatch合成名词8es部分变为复数将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 主谓一致情况举例规则His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not eas语y.以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，Reading in the sun is bad for y法our eyes.动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动What he said is very important一for us all.词一般用单数形式；主语
19、为复数时，由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多致数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what 谓语动词从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句原的谓语动词用复数形式。用复数形式。what I bought were three Engli则sh books.What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teachis in the classroom.由连接词 and 或 bothand连接
20、起来的主Many a boy and many a girl lik语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所es it.连接的两个词是指同一个人或物No boy and no girl likes it.时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由andEach of us has a new book.Is连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, eaceveryone here today?h, every 或 more than a (an)/one,mSomebody is speaking in class.any a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数Everything around us is
21、 matter形式。 either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数名词和由 some, any no, every若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been toAmerica.Those who want to go pleasewrite their names on the blackboard.在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, w
22、hiHe is one of my friends who arch 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中e working hard.先行词的数一致。He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.The police are looking for the lost child.The cattle are eating gra
23、ss in t如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的he field.His family has moved to the south .谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集(他的一家 )His family are watching TV（.他的家人）体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式Class four is on the third floor.（四班）Class Four are unable to agree upon amonitor.（四班的学生）There are a lot of people in the由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heaclas
24、sroom.p of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百Three-fourths of the surface of分数 +名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动the earth is sea.词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有 a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。A number of students have
25、 gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后Such is the result.Such are thefacts.的主语一致Between the two hills stands amonument.Which is your bag?Which are your bags?Are any of you g
26、ood at EnglisWhat, who, which, any, more, all 等逻h?Has any of you got a pen?代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思All can be done has been done.来决定。辑All is going well.All have been taken out.All hav意e gone to Beijing.Thirty minutes is enough for th义e work.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的Twenty pounds is too dear.一复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数如强调这类词
27、的复数意义，则谓语动词致形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念要用复数形式上是一个整体。原Forty kilos of water are used every day.则The United States is smaller th若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名an China.“ The Arabian Nights” is an inter等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单esting story-book.数形式。One and a half apples is left o表数量的短语 “ one and a half后面接”复n the table.数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
28、一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics以及 news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际The paper works wasbuilt in 1990.这意义为单数名词，家造纸厂建于1990 年。I don t think physics is easy to它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数study.形式。trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, sciMy glasses are broken.ssors (剪刀 )等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量The pair of shoes under the be词修饰时（ clothes 被 a suit of 修饰）谓d is his.语动词用单数。The old are taken good care of“定冠词 the+形容词或分词 ”，表示某一类there.人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词The beautiful gives pleasure to用单数。all.Either the