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1、.,1,定义,系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 分类: 状态系动词; 持续系动词; 表像系动词 感官系动词; 变化系动词; 终止系动词,.,2,状态系动词 be,用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词 He is a teacher. He is ill. (表示主语的状态) 连系动词 be 后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语： My dream is to be a scientist. All you have to do is to listen.,.,
2、3,表像系动词,用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. She appears 18. But in fact, she is already 28.,.,4,持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, continue. 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. It continued/ re
3、mained rainy for days. He stood quite still, except his lips moved slightly. The snow lay thick on the ground.,.,5,注意：(1)表示“仍然处于原来的状态”时，remain和stay可以互换，例如： Three of them remained/ stayed single. Shops should remain/ stay open till later in the evening. The door stayed/ remained closed. But the polic
4、e themselves prefer to stay/ remain unarmed.,.,6,(2)表示“需要设法才能保持某种状态”时，可用keep和stay. 后常接的形容词有 calm, clean, awake, young, warm, fine等. 例如： She knew she must keep/ stay calm. Although they have many difficulties, they keep happy. Paul managed to keep/ stay awake by drinking lots of strong black coffee.,
5、.,7,感官系动词,感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look. 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. The music sounds nice. The fish tastes good.,.,8,变化系动词,这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. go和come 是一对相反的词. go+ adj.表示令人不愉快的事; come+ adj.表示好的事情,还
6、可以接前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示变化的情况。 go blind/ mad/ hungry/ bad come true/ right/ clear/ dear/ unstuck/ untied His dream to be a pilot has come true. My shoelaces have come undone. She went blind at the age of 8.,.,9,run后接 short, dry, low, deep等形容词,主语为流动性的或能消耗掉的东西。 Their money was running short. The well has r
7、un dry. 但表语为wild时,主语是人; run wild(放荡不羁） Dont let the children run wild. grow常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。 My little brother has grown much taller in the past year. She grew thinner and thinner. Soon the sky grew light.,.,10,turn表示“变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色和天气等变化。 The weather suddenly turned much colder. Her face t
8、urned blue with fear. She turned teacher after graduation. get “变成,变得起来”,后可接形容词,分词,介词短语;接不定式时表示“由不变得”. The days are getting longer and longer. He got excited about it. My watch gets out of order.,.,11,fall接asleep, silent, quiet等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词，但不能接形容词的比较级。 While I was doing my homework, my little sis
9、ter fell asleep. She fell ill from cold. The naughty boy fell silent suddenly. fall apart(散开) fall flat (没效果),.,12,become “变成;变为”(好坏均可),语气正式,且不能用于将来时态,强调结果.表人的身体状况,情绪,天气和社会变化时可与get互换使用. He became a lawyer. I became/ got interested in math. He became/ got angry with me. I hope you will become/ get we
10、ll.,.,13,注意：1. become, turn, go, get, fall后面能接名词作表语,其他则不能. turn和go后面的名词不带冠词。 His dream has become/ got a reality. He has turned scientist. She has gone artist. He fell an victim to cancer. 2. 表变化的系动词用于进行时态时，表示逐渐的变化。 The days are getting/ becoming longer and longer. She is growing to be more and more like her mother.,.,14,终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如： The rumor proved (to be) false. The search proved (to be) difficult. His plan turned out (to be) a success.,