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1、宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。非凡问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫自得，人称、标点需注重。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。歌诀解码一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if/whethe
2、r you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、三关1. 引导词关假如从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；假如从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；假如从句是非凡疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. Th
3、e teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和非凡疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关假如主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.假如主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如
4、： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注重：假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语假如是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；假如是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；假如是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do
5、 you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，碰到它们
6、 就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2.
7、当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？