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1、【 2018 年职称英语综合类阅读理解模拟题（3）】职称英语综合类Powers of Self-suggestionMost systems of medicineare basedon theater.With leeches,acupuncture needles,vitamin pills orwhatever stage prop is appropriateforthe time and culture,thehealer artfully evokes the patients powers ofself-suggestion,whichare responsibleforwhat
2、ever healing mayour.Western medicine operates on a different plane.For onething,it has the most impressive props - expensivemedicines,elaborateritualsand mysterioushigh-techmachineswith a white-gownedcasttooperatethem.Foranother,it evokesthe patients auto suggestive powers all the more forcefullyby
3、pretending to ignore them.This mysterious gift ofself-healing is cloaked with an anodyne label,the placeboeffect,and recognized only as a nuisance likely to confoundclinicaltrials.Buttheplacebo （Latinfor I willplease ）and itsshadowy twinthenocebo （I willharm） aremuch morethan methodological problems
4、： they lie at the heart of everyinteraction between doctor and patient.How they work no one knows.But the brain rules the body in many subconscious ways,including its control of the bodysmajor hormones and its subtle influence over the immunesystem.So its possible that,in ways yet unknown,expectatio
5、ns about health or disease are sometimes translated into a bodily reaction that fulfills them.The power of these effects is hard to overstate.A rule of thumb is that 30 percent of patients in the placebo half of adrug trial（i.e.those who unknowingly receive a dummy pillinstead of the real thing ） wi
6、ll experience an improvement in symptoms.But the proportion may be much higher.Just like real drugs,placebo pills can produce stronger effects in larger doses.Patients will report greater relief when given a larger pill,or two dummy capsules instead of one.Doctorsexpectations also contribute to the
7、awesome powerof the placebo effect.Ina study of toothextractions,patientswere given eithera painkilleror sham drugs.Some dentistswereassigned to give either drug,without knowing which,but otherdentistsknew they would be givingonly shamdrugs.The patientswhose dentists thought they had at least a 50-5
8、0 chance of giving a painkiller suffered significantly less pain.Presumably,doctors transmit their expectations to the patient through subtle cues,often without knowing they aredoing so.For this reason,all properly designed drug trials are double blind.But given that both groups can often guess from
9、the side effects,even this precaution may not always crush the generation of expectancies.1.Which of the following is NOT a feature of Westernmedicine ？A ） It reduces the patients； self-healing powers.B ） It has the full support of high-tech machines.C ） It is very expensive.D ） It has plicated ritu
10、als.2.What dose the term the placebo effect mean？A ） It means the mind-troubling effect.B ） It means the psychological effect.C ） It means the harmful effect.D ） It means the theatrical effect.3.What does them（the last word in paragraph 3） referto ？A ） Clinical trials.B ） The bodys major hormones.C
11、） Expectations about health or disease.D ） Many subconscious ways.4.Why did the patients whose dentists thought they had at least a 50-50 chance of being given a painkiller suffersignificantly less pain？A ） Because of doctorsexpectations.B ） Because of the placebo effect.C ） Because of the healing p
12、ower of the medicine taken.D ） Because of the excellentmedical skillsof the doctors.5.What does the author mean by saying that for thisreason,allproperlydesigned drug trialsare double blind（inthe last paragraph）？A ） The physician and the patient are both ignorant of the healing power of the medicine.B ） The physician doesnt know whether the given pill is real or fake.C ） The patient doesnt know whether the given pill is real or fake.D ） Neither the physician nor the patient knows whether the given pill is real or fake.答案： ABCAD内容仅供参考