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1、【 2018 年职称英语考试卫生类A 级阅读判断巩固练习题5】xx 年职称英语卫生类 A 级真题What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange that they dream about. Some psychologists say that thisthingsnighttimeactivityof the mind has no specialmeaning. Others ，however， thinkthatdreams are an importantpart of our lives.In
2、 fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about aperson s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientificway.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud
3、1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreamsare an expression of a person s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears thatthey are afraid to express in
4、real life.TheSwiss psychiatristCarl Jung2 was once a studentofFreud s. Jung ，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jungbelievedthat the purpose of a dream was to municatea messageto the dreamer. He thought people could learn more aboutthemselves by thinkingabout theirdreams. For example,peoplew
5、ho dream about falling may learn that they have too high anopinionof themselves.On the otherhand, people who dream aboutbeingheroes maylearnthatthey think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from theUn
6、iversityof California,Santa Cruz，believesthatdreams aretightlylinkedto a person s dailylife,thoughts,and behavior.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreamsand age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. Aordi
7、ng to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different.For example, the people in mens dreams are often other men,and the dreams often involvefighting.This is not true of
8、 womens dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree
9、on this: If you dream thatsomething terrible is going to our, you shouldnt panic. Thedream may have meaning, but itdoes not meanthatsome terribleevent willactuallytake place.It s importantto remember thatthe world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist心理学家 psychiatrist精神病学家Austrian奥地利的 gend
10、er性别注释：1 Sigmund Freud 西格蒙德弗洛伊德（ 18561939) ，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。 精神分析学派的创始人。 他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。着有性学三论梦的释义图腾与禁忌日常生活的心理病理学精神分析引论精神分析引论新编等。2 Carl Jung ：卡尔荣格，瑞士着名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。3 For example, the people in mens dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is n
11、ot trueof womens dreams. 例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样。练习：1 Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2 Aording to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3 Jung believed that dreams did not help one to
12、 understand oneself.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4 In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5 Aording to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6 Men and women dream about different things.A
13、 Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7 Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned答案与题解1 A 这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。 即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义； 而有些人则认为， 梦可以揭示人的思维和情感。2 A 第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、想法或恐惧。此句与本叙述一致。3 B 第四段的第二句和第三句： Jung believed that the purposeof a dream
14、was to municate a message to the dreamer.（荣格认为梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）He thought people couldlearn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）。他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。4 C 文中没有提及。5 A 依据第六段， Domhoff 研究得出：婴儿不像成人做那么多的梦，做梦是一种需要时间提高的技能。 这就说明了婴儿不具备成人做梦的能力。6 A 本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。 第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。7 B 最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。因而不能预测未来。内容仅供参考