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1、建筑测量一、单项选择题（每小题5分，共25分）1、水平角观测时，各测回间变换度盘位置是为了能够减少（ ）。A、照准误差的影响。 B、照准部偏心差的影响C、度盘分划误差的影响 D、目标偏心误差的影响2、下列说法正确的是（ ）。 A、水准仪必须安置在两点的连线上，且使前后视距相等。B、水准仪不一定安置在两点的连线上，但应使前后视距相等 C、水准仪可安置在任何位置，前后视距不一定相等D、水准仪必须安置在两点的连线上，但前后视距不一定相等3、11000比例尺测图，具有实际意义的量距取位为（ ）。A、0.05m B、0.1m C、0.15m D、0.2m 4、已知XAB为正值，YAB为负值，直线AB的象
2、限角为45，则直线AB的方位角为（ ）。A、45 B、35 C、225 D、315 5. 用经纬仪测竖直角时，每次读数前必须转动（ ）使水准管气泡居中。（单项选择）A、望远镜微动螺旋 B、水平微动螺旋 C、脚螺旋 D、指标水准管微动螺旋二、名词解释（每小题5分，共15分）1、绝对高程2、偶然误差3、指标差三、简答题（每小题8分，共16分）1.水准测量的原理是什么？ 2. 导线测量的外业工作有哪些? 四、计算题（共44分）1、一个四边形中，观测了三个内角，其中误差分别为3， 4， 5。求第四个角的中误差为多少。2、完成下列表格中的计算：点名测站数实测高差改正数改后高差高程A8+1.575m 55
3、.376m1 12+2.036m 214-1.742m316+1.446mB58.623m 试卷代号：8828 建筑测量 试题一、选择题（每小题5分，共25分） 1C 2 B 3 B 4D 5D二、名词解释（每小题5分，共15分）1绝对高程：地面点到大地水准面的垂直距离。 2、偶然误差：在相同的观测条件下作一系列观测，如果误差的大小不等，符号不同，没有明显的规律性。3指标差：当指标水准管气泡居中时，竖盘读数指标线偏离正确位置的差值。三、简答题（第小题8分，共16分）1答：利用一条水平视线，借助于带有分划的标尺，来测定地面两点之间的高差，从而由已知点的高程推算出未知点的高程。2答：踏勘选点和建立
4、标志，水平角观测，量边，连测。四、计算题（共44分）1、一个四边形中，观测了三个内角，其中误差分别为3， 4， 5。求第四个角的中误差为多少。设四边形ABCD中观测了A、B、C角，则D=360-A-B-C m= mA2+mB2+ mC2=32+42+52=50 m=7.12、完成下列表格中的计算。点名测站数实测高差改正数改后高差高程A8+1.575m-0.011m+1.564m55.376m156.940m12+2.036m-0.016m+2.020m258.960m14-1.742m-0.019m-1.761m357.199m16+1.446m-0.022m+1.424mB58.623m50
5、+3.315m-0.068m+3.247m一、单选题(每小题3分，共36分) 1( )的基准面是大地水准面。 A竖直角 B水平角C水平距离 D高程2水准测量中，用于对标尺截取读数的是十字丝( )。A竖丝 B中横丝C上丝 D下丝3在水准测量中，若后视点A的读数大，前视点8的读数小，则有( )。 AA点比8点低 BA点比8点高CA点与8点可能同高 DA、B点的高低取决于仪器高度4竖直角的最大值为( )。A900 B180 C270 D3605经纬仪视准轴误差是指( )。A照准部水准管轴不垂直于竖轴的误差B十字丝竖丝不垂直于横轴的误差 C横轴不垂直于竖轴的误差 D视准轴不垂直于横轴的误差 6用视距法
6、测量水平距离和高差时(望远镜中丝瞄准便利高，仪器高已知)，需要用经纬仪观测的数据是( )。 A上、下丝读数及竖盘读数B中丝读数及竖盘读数 C上、中、下丝读数 D上、中、下丝读数及竖盘读数 7距离丈量的结果是求得两点间的( )。A水平距离 B斜线距离C折线距离 D铅垂距离8对某_边长观测四个测回，其结果分别为：l23.04lm,123.045m、123.040m、123.038m，则其观测值中误差为( )m。 A000180002 C0003 D0004 9在地形图上，量得A、B两点的坐标为：xA=1000lm，YA=20004m；XB=1500lm，yB=l 5004m，则AB距离为( )。A
7、50OO B7070 C10000 D1414210地形图上加粗描绘的等高线称为( )。A首陷线 B间曲线C记曲线 D山脊线111：2000地形图的比例尺精度为( )。 A005m B01mC02m D05m12由一个水平角和一条水平距离测设一个点位的方( )。 A直角坐标法 B极坐标法 C角度交会法 I)距离交会法 。二、判断题(每小题2分，共24分)1同一直线的正反方位角相差90o。( )2象限角是指从坐标纵轴至直线的锐角。( ) 。3所谓视差是当眼睛在目镜端上下微动时，看到十字丝与目标的影像相互位移的现象。( )4测站检核的方法有仪高法和高差法。( )5在对水平度盘凑数前，应使竖盘指标水
8、准管气泡居中。( )6用盘左及盘右两个位置测角，可以消除视准轴不垂直于横轴的误差。( )7精密量距时对丈量结果应进行尺长、温度和倾斜三项改正。( )8算术平均值是等精度观测值的最可靠值。( )9导线测量的外业包括踏勘选点、高程测量、边长测量和连接测量。( )10示坡线是垂直于等高线的短线，用以指示坡度上升方向。【 )Ii图上0imm所代表的实际距离即为比例尺精度。( ) 一12以方格网或建筑基线作为施工控制，适于用交会法测设点( )三、计算题(40分) 1如图所示，已知水准点BM高程为10648m，闭合水准路线计含4个测段，各段测站数和高差观测值如下所列。按下表完成其内业计算。(18分)段号观
9、测高差m 测站数(1) +1240 5(2) 一1420 4 (3) +1786 6(4) 一1582 10 2对某角度等精度观测6测回，观测值如下表所示，求该角度的算术平均值及其中误差。(10分) 3钢尺丈量AB的水平距离，往测为35723m，返测为35733m；丈量CD的水平距离，往测为24873m，返测为24863m，最后得DAB、DCD及它们的相对误差各为多少?哪段丈量的结果比较精确?(12分)试卷代号：2343中央广播电视大学2007-2008学年度第一学期“开放专科期末考试建筑施工专业建筑测量试题答案及评分标准一、单选题(每小题3分，共36分)1D 2B 3A 4A 5D 6D7A
10、 8C 9B l0C llC l2B二、判断题(每小题2分，共24分)1 2 34X 5X 6-J78 9 l0 ll l2三、计算题(40分)1(18分)解3(12分)解：AB段：DAB=(35723+35733)2=35728m(3分)K=(3573335723)35728=1035728=0028(2分)CD段：DcD=(24873+24863)2=24868m(3分)K=(2487324863)24868=1024868=0040(2分)AB段丈量的结果较精确。(2分)一、不定项选择题（每小题5分，共25分）1在进行水准测量时，由A点向B点进行测量，测得AB两点之间的高差为0.698m
11、，且B点水准尺的读数为2.376m，则A点水准尺的读数为( ) m。（单项选择）A、1.678 B、3.074 C、0.698 D、2.376 2测量的基本工作有（ ）。（多项选择）A、高程测量 B、角度测量 C、距离测量 D、控制测量 3. 对某一边长观测四个测回，其结果分别为：123.041m、123.045m、123.040m、123.038m，则其观测值中误差为（ ）m。A、0.001 B、0.002 C、0.003 D、0.004 4.用视距法测量水平距离和高差时，需要用经纬仪观测的数据是（ ）。（多项选择）A、视距间距 B、竖盘读数 C、中丝读数 D、仪器高 5. 用经纬仪测竖直角
12、时，每次读数前必须转动（ ）使水准管气泡居中。（单项选择）A、望远镜微动螺旋 B、水平微动螺旋 C、脚螺旋 D、指标水准管微动螺旋二、名词解释（每小题5分，共15分） 1偶然误差 2视准轴3. 方位角 三、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1.水准测量的原理是什么？ 2. 导线测量的外业工作有哪些? 四、计算题（共40分）1完成下表计算。（20分） 测站目标竖盘位置竖盘读数 竖直角 指标差平均竖直角 OA左60 30 24右299 29 54注：此经纬仪盘左时，视线水平，指标水准管气泡居中，竖盘读数为90，上仰望远镜则读数减少。2. 在测站A进行视距测量，仪器高i=1.52m，照准B点时，中丝读
13、数l=1.96m，视距间隔为n=0.935m，竖直角=-312，求AB的水平距离D及高差h。（20分）试卷代号：8828/6422河南广播电视大学2007-2008学年度第一学期期末考试建筑工程测量 试题答案及评分标准（供参考）2008年1月一、选择题（每小题5分，共25分） 1B 2 ABC 3 C 4ABC 5D二、名词解释（每小题5分，共15分）1偶然误差是指在相同的观测条件下，对某量进行一系列的观测，如果观测误差出现了符号和大小均不相同，表面上没有规律性，而实际上是服从一定的统计规律的误差。 2视准轴是指十字丝交点与物镜光心的连线。3方位角是指从直线起点的标准方向北端开始，顺时针方向量
14、至直线的夹角。三、简答题（第小题10分，共20分）1答：利用一条水平视线，借助于带有分划的标尺，来测定地面两点之间的高差，从而由已知点的高程推算出未知点的高程。2答：踏勘选点和建立标志，水平角观测，量边，连测。四、计算题（共40分）1（20分）测站目标竖盘位置竖盘读数 竖直角 指标差平均竖直角 OA左60 30 2429 29 36929 29 45右299 29 5429 29 542、解：D=kncos2=1000.935cos2(312)=93.21m （10分）（10分） 一、单选题(每小题3分，共36分) 1在测量平面直角坐标系中，纵轴为( )。Az轴，向东为正 BY轴，向东为正Cz
15、轴，向北为正Dy轴，向北为正2普通水准测量中，在水准尺上每个读数应读( )位数。A5 B3 C2 D4 3在进行水准测量时，由A点向8点进行测量，测得AB两点之间的高差为0698m，且B点水准尺的读数为2376m，则A点水准尺的读数为( )m。A1678 B3074 C0698 D23764已知经纬仪竖盘的刻划注记形式为顺时针，盘左望远镜水平时竖盘读数为90。经盘左、盘右测得某目标的竖盘读数分别为：L一76。34700”，R=283。24700”，则一测回竖直角为 ( )A13026 00” B一l3O2600 C13O2500” D一l3O2500”5用测回法测水平角，各测回间改变度盘起始位
16、置是为了消除( )误差。A视准轴 B横轴C指标差 D度盘刻划不均匀误差6视距测量可同时测定两点问的( )。A距离和高差 B水平距离和高差C距离和高程D水平距离与高程7用一把名义长度为30m实际长度为300025m的钢尺量得某段距离为221756m，则该距离的尺长改正为( )。A00185 B-00185C05544 D-055448对某一边长观测四个测回，其结果分别为：l23041m、123045m、123040m、123038 m，则其观测值中误差为( )m。 A士0001 B士002 。C士003 D土00049在地形图上有高程分别为26m、27m、28m、29m、30m、31m、32m等
17、高线，则需加粗的等高线为( )m A26、31 B27、32 C29 D30 10水准点高程为24397米，测设高程为25000米的室内地坪。设水准点上读数为1445米，则室内地坪处的读数为( )米。 A1042 B0842 C0642 D104811要将01m宽的地物在地形图上表示出来，所选的测图比例尺不宜小于( )。A1：50081：1000C1：2000 D1：500012由一个水平角和一条水平距离测设一个点位的方法是( )。A直角坐标法B极坐标法C角度交会法D距离交会法二、判断题(每小题2分，共24分)1方位角就是自某标准方向起始逆时针至一条直线的水平角。( )2粗略整平就是转动脚螺旋
18、使管准器气泡居中，使仪器竖轴竖直。( )3i角误差即水准仪的水准管轴与视准轴不平行产生的误差。( )4水准仪的仪器高是指望远镜的中心到地面的铅垂距离。( )5经纬仪整平的目的就是使望远镜处于水平位置。( )6测量水平角时应以十字丝中横丝与目标的顶部标志相切。( )7用盘左及盘右两个位置测角，可以消除度盘刻划不均匀的误差。( )8钢尺精密量距时采用经纬仪定线。( )9测量误差来源于仪器误差、观测者本身及外界条件的影响。( )10坐标增量闭合差应反号按与边长成比例分配于各边的坐标增量中。( )11相邻等高线之间的高差称为等高线平距。( )12在不宜到达的场地适于用交会法测设点位。( )三、计算题(
19、40分) 1一附合水准路线的高差观测成果及测站数如下图所示，请在表格内按测站数调整闭合差并求出各点的高程。(18分) HBM1=29833m 2现需从A点测设长度为l29685m的水平距离AB，初设B点后，测得温度t=23，AB两点的高差h= -l168m，已知尺长方程为Lt=3000023+1210-5(t一20)30m，问需沿地面测设多少长度?(8分) 3已知闭合导线内角的观测如图所示，试计算和调整角度闭合差并推算出各边的坐标方位角。(14分) 北试卷代号：2343中央广播电视大学2006-2007学年度第二学期“开放专科期末考试建筑施工专业 建筑测量 试题答案及评分标准一、单选题(每小题
20、3分。共36分)1C 2D 3B 4C 5D 6B7A 8C 9D l0B llB l2B二、判断题(每小题2分，共24分)1 2 3 4 5。 67 8 9 l0 11 12三、计算题(40分)1(18分)解：(供参考)2(8分)解：尺长改正ld=一0002330129685=-00099 m(2分)温度改正lt=1210-5(2320)X 129685=0.0047 m(2分)倾斜改正lh=一11682129685=-001052 m(2分)需沿地面测设长度DAB=129685-(-O0099)一O0047一(一O01052) =129705m(2分)3(14分)解：O(_)O谢谢！201
21、5年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄After earning his spurs in the kitchens of The Westin, The Sheraton, Sens on the Bund, and a sprinkling of other top-notch venues, Simpson Lu fi nally got the chance to become his own boss in November 2010. Sort of. The Shanghai-born chef might not actually own Ca
22、lifornia Pizza Kitchen (CPK) but he is in sole charge of both kitchen and frontof- house at this Sinan Mansionsstalwart. Its certainly a responsibility to be the head chef, and then to have to manage the rest of the restaurant as well, the 31-year-old tells Enjoy Shanghai. In hotels, for example, th
23、ese jobs are strictly demarcated, so its a great opportunity to learn how a business operates across the board. It was a task that management back in sunny California evidently felt he was ready for, and a vote of confi dence from a company that, to date, has opened 250 outlets in 11 countries. And
24、for added pressure, the Shanghai branch was also CPKs China debut. For sure it was a big step, and unlike all their other Asia operations that are franchises, they decided to manage it directly to begin with, says Simpson. Two years ago a private franchisee took over the lease, but the links to CPK
25、headquarters are still strong, with a mainland-based brand ambassador on hand to ensure the business adheres to its ethos of creating innovative, hearth-baked pizzas, a slice of PR blurb that Simpson insists lives up to the hype. They are very innovative, he says. The problem with most fast food pla
26、ces is that they use the same sauce on every pizza and just change the toppings. Every one of our 16 pizza sauces is a unique recipe that has been formulated to complement the toppings perfectly. The largely local customer base evidently agrees and on Saturday and Sunday, at least, the place is teem
27、ing. The kids-eat-for-free policy at weekends is undoubtedly a big draw, as well as is the spacious second-fl oor layout overlooked by a canopy of green from Fuxing Park over the road. The company is also focusing on increasing brand recognition and in recent years has taken part in outside events s
28、uch as the regular California Week. Still, the sta are honest enough to admit that business could be better; as good, in fact, as in CPKs second outlet in the popular Kerry Parkside shopping mall in Pudong. Sinan Mansions has really struggled to get the number of visitors that were envisaged when it
29、 first opened, and it hasnt been easy for any of the tenants here, adds Simpson. Were planning a third outlet in the city in 2015, and we will probably choose a shopping mall again because of the better foot traffic. The tearooms once frequented by Coco Chanel and Marcel Proust are upping sticks and
30、 coming to Shanghai, Xu Junqian visits the Parisian outpost with sweet treats. One thing the century-old Parisian tearoom Angelina has shown is that legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel not only had style and glamor but also boasted great taste in food, pastries in particular. One of the most popu
31、lar tearooms in Paris, Angelina is famous for having once been frequented by celebrities such as Chanel and writer Marcel Proust. Now Angelina has packed up its French ambience, efficient service, and beautiful, comforting desserts and flown them to Shanghai. At the flagship dine-in and take-out spa
32、ce in Shanghai, everything mimics the original tearoom designed from the beginning of the 20th century, in Paris, the height of Belle Epoque. The paintings on the wall, for example, are exactly the same as the one that depicts the landscape of southern France, the hometown of the owner; and the smal
33、l tables are intentional imitations of the ones that Coco Chanel once sat at every afternoon for hot chocolate. The famous hot chocolate, known as LAfricain, is a luxurious mixture of four types of cocoa beans imported from Africa, blended in Paris and then shipped to Shanghai. Its sinfully sweet, r
34、ich and thick as if putting a bar of melting chocolate directly on the tongue and the fresh whipped cream on the side makes a light, but equally gratifying contrast. It is also sold in glass bottles as takeaway. The signature Mont-Blanc chestnut cake consists of three parts: the pureed chestnut on t
35、op, the vanilla cream like stuffing, and the meringue as base. Get all three layers in one scoop, not only for the different textures but also various flavors of sweetness. The dessert has maintained its popularity for a century, even in a country like France, perhaps the worlds most competitive pla
36、ce for desserts. A much overlooked pairing, is the Paris-New York choux pastry and N226 chocolate flavored tea. The choux pastry is a mouthful of airy pecan-flavored whipped cream, while the tea, a blend of black teas from China and Ceylon, cocoa and rose petals, offers a more subtle fragrance of fl
37、owers and chocolate. Ordering these two items, featuring a muted sweetness, makes it easier for you to fit into your little black dress. Breakfast, brunch, lunch and light supper are also served at the tearoom, a hub of many cultures and takes in a mix of different styles of French cuisines, accordi
38、ng to the management team. The semi-cooked foie gras terrine, is seductive and deceptive. Its generously served at the size and shape of a toast, while the actual brioche toast is baked into a curved slice dipped with fig chutney. The flavor, however, is honest: strong, smooth and sublime. And you d
39、ont actually need the toast for crunchiness. This is the season for high teas, with dainty cups of fine china and little pastries that appeal to both visual and physical appetites. But there is one high tea with a difference, and Pauline D. Loh finds out just exactly why it is special. Earl Grey tea
40、 and macarons are all very well for the crucial recuperative break in-between intensive bouts of holiday season shopping. And for those who prefer savory to sweet, there is still the selection of classic Chinese snacks called dim sum to satisfy and satiate. High tea is a meal to eat with eye and mou
41、th, an in-between indulgence that should be light enough not to spoil dinner, but sufficiently robust to take the edge off the hunger that strikes hours after lunch. The afternoon tea special at Shang-Xi at the Four Seasons Hotel Pudong has just the right elements. It is a pampering meal, with touch
42、es of luxury that make the high tea session a treat in itself. Whole baby abalones are braised and then topped on a shortcrust pastry shell, a sort of Chinese version of the Western vol-au-vent, but classier. Even classier is the dim sum staple shrimp dumpling or hargow, upgraded with the addition of slivers of midnight dark truffles.