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1、科研项目中期管理模式初探刘学政1，王永杰1, 萧 鸿2（1.锦州医学院科研处 锦州121001, 2.锦州医学院附属第一医院继续教育科）摘要 项目中期管理是整个科研管理的重要环节。若使科研项目顺利完成并达到预期目标，加强中期管理是十分必要的。作者从以下几个方面对中期管理进行初步探讨：签订合同并严格履行其条款；实施项目年度查促制度；计划、合理地使用经费；深入一线，掌握科研动态。关键词 科研项目 科研管理 中期管理Preliminary Exploration of Mid-term ManagementOf Scientific Research ProjectsLiu Xuezheng, Wa
2、ng Yongjie, Xiao HongDepartment of Scientific Research, Jinzhou Medical Collage, Jinzhou 121001Abstract The mid-term management of project is the key link in the whole course of scientific research management. In order to successfully fulfill the project and achieve the desired goal, it is necessary
3、 that strengthen the mid-term management. The author preliminarily explored the mid-term management from the flowing four fields. signing a contract and closely performing its treaties; implementing annual examination and supervision system; planned and rational use of scientific research funds; goi
4、ng deep into the front line, grasping scientific research developments.Key words research projects, scientific research management, mid-term management科研计划管理通常包括项目的前期管理、中期管理和后期管理。前期管理的主要内容为项目的申请、评审、批准；中期管理包括项目的计划编制、组织实施、检查督促和阶段总结；后期管理为研究工作结题总结、论文发表和专著的出版以及被引用情况的信息收集、分析评价等。各期管理工作是按一定的程序进行的，在科研管理中所处的地
5、位和作用不同，但同等重要、缺一不可。然而在实际工作中，由于项目数量不断增多，来源渠道亦多样化，往往出现重项目申报和成果鉴定而轻中间管理过程的倾向，结果造成资源浪费，甚至出现弄虚作假等现象。为此，作者就如何加强项目中期管理，确保研究工作质量，粗浅地谈些体会。签订合同并严格履行条款科研项目经过各级科技基金委员会的审批合格并立项后，无论上级主管部门有无要求，我们按照项目的研究内容、技术路线、社会和经济效益及推广应用前景、研究经费的使用、时间及进度安排、项目组成员情况等几个方面与项目主持人签订合同，以便监督、检查和管理。科研处为甲方，项目主持人为乙方。并在项目合同书中规定了甲乙双方所履行的责任和义务。
6、有了合同书，科研处对科研项目整个过程的监督和管理就有章可循、有法可依。科研项目研究工作的启动、中间过程和最后总结等都要严格履行合同书中所规定的条款，保持所研究目标先后一致性原则，不允许随意改动原设计方案和指标。应尽最大努力按合同书上要求的期限完成。项目组成员不得随意更换或改变。当然如有特殊情况需要调整，应由项目主持人写出详细书面报告，报主管部门审批通过后执行。实施项目年度查促制度课题立项后，如何确保其顺利完成，达到预期目标，这是中期管理的实质内容。因此寻找恰当的监督管理方式十分重要。我们实行项目年度查促制度，其具体内容是：每年、月份对学院所有的科研项目进行一次全面检查、督促，要求项目主持人填写
7、一份项目中期检查报告书，上报科研处。然后科研管理人员对项目负责人进行面对面的检查、监督。查促的内容包括项目进度，是否按项目合同书所预计的时间进行，经费使用情况，下一步还要做些什么工作，项目进行过程中有无困难需要管理部门协调解决等。对于那些即将到完成期限的项目，提出黄牌警告，责令其在定期内完成；对于那些超过完成期限又没有完成的可能性或必要性的项目则出示红牌，终止其研究工作，收回项目经费；对于那些无一定创新性，社会和经济效益不大，低水平重复性研究，经论证确定，则撤消项目及研究经费。我们在中期管理制度中还规定，凡是立项后半年内无启动或研究工作1年内无进展以及在研究工作中不履行科研合同书者，均撤消项目
8、及研究经费，并且年内不允许申报各级、各类基金项目。中期查促要严格履行科研合同书所规定的条款，按合同书所规定的研究进度和阶段性指标检查，督促其按期完成研究任务。凡未经批准而自行推迟完成时间，不能履行合同条款或自行修改原技术路线的，除扣回已下拨的研究经费外，还要给予批评教育，并与课题组成员的个人评聘、晋升和考评等挂钩。在近三年的年度查促工作中，学院对7个项目出示红牌，予以撤消并收回研究经费。其中省教育厅项目5个，省自然科学基金项目个。对14个项目提出了黄牌警告，限其在定期内完成，并设法为其提供了便利条件。从而大大提高了项目的完成质量。计划、合理地使用经费 项目经费是科学研究的重要支撑条件。对经费管
9、理的好坏，与能否有效地调动科研人员的积极性，充分发挥他们的潜能，并且与能否创造有价值的成果关系十分密切。研究经费大部分在项目进行中期支出。如何有效地利用经费，是项目中期管理的重要环节。我们严格科研经费的财务制度，计划、合理地使用科研经费，力戒浪费，将有限的经费全部用于项目研究上。首先，我们与学院计财处协调，严格控制与项目无关的开销，规定科研经费只能用于与项目有关的实验动物、药品、试剂、实验费、小型仪器设备的购置，以及必要的调研费和印刷费等。其次，按照项目合同书对经费的分配比例进行掌握和控制。使经费得到有效合理地使用，保证科研项目的完成。再次，鼓励科研人员节约使用经费，剩余归己。凡经费有节余者，
10、可以转入以后的项目经费中，以便调动科研人员量入为出，主动钻研的积极性。最后，设立项奖励制度。凡得到上级科技基金部门的资助、或通过其它渠道获得横向科研经费者，按照一定的比例提取部分经费给项目组，作为立项奖。目的在于调动科研人员参加项目申请、争取科研经费的积极性，充分发挥科研经费杠杆“支撑”作用。深入一线，掌握科研动态科研管理人员改变过去那种在办公室管理的旧模式，定期或不定期地走出去深入到科研第一线，掌握医学科学研究的新动态，详细了解每一项目的研究进度及完成情况，在检查项目进度时，不能停留在下发表格，收回归档等工作上。而是认真检查原始记录，严防弄虚作假。另外，作为一名科研管理者，要不断学习现代科技
11、管理知识、先进科学技术，以适应知识经济时代对科研管理者的要求。Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a
12、shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated wi
13、th what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next
14、 to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable f
15、ree fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just li
16、ne up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix
17、Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin
18、 no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his
19、 head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitati
20、on or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising
21、 altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix
22、will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distanc
23、e, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to s
24、low as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-f
25、oot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as
26、 planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.