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1、被动语态 Passive Voice1、 被动语态的构成 动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句，为被动语态的叫被动句。1. 被动语态的基本构成形式 体 时一般进行完成现在过去将来过去将来时： should/would be done waswere going to be done waswere about to be done waswere to be to done过去将来完成时： should/would have
2、been done 2. 含情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词练习：1) Visitors _ (request) not to touch the exhibits.2) All the preparations for the task_(complete), and were ready to start.3) Look, a new cinema _(build) here now4) I _ (give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)By the end of last year, ano
3、ther new gymnasium _(complete) in Beijing.6) A meeting _(hold) when I was there.7) Hundreds of job_ (lose) if the factory closes.8) The news _(send) to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9) The project _(complete) before July.10）He told me that his new clothes _(make)very soon.11）The baby _(t
4、ake care of) by the baby-sitter. 应该由保姆照顾2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式二. 主动语态与被动语态的转换1. 主+谓+宾结构：Rowling wrote Harry Potter. _.The government supported the research. _.No one has ever beaten her at tennis._.We didnt notice anything special in his work. _.2. 主+谓+间宾+直宾：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. _
5、.My uncle bought me a new computer. _. _.Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce pressure._. _.注意: 加to或者forShe told me when the project would start. _.3. 主+谓+宾+宾补：People call this team a cheer-leading squad. _.注意：在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, look at, watch, notice,observe, hear, listen t
6、o, feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building._.4. 含有be going to do和be to do等结构（be只有一般现在时和一般过去时）We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting._.They are to show this new film on TV next week. _.5. 表示“据说，相信，认为，期待”等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句，如；_。We kno
7、w that he is the best dentist in the town. _. _.重点拓展：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。6. 祈使句变被动句肯定祈使句：let+宾语+be+done否定祈使句：dont let+宾语+be+done；let+宾语+not+be+doneMove the desk
8、s into the passage. _.Dont throw rubbish everywhere. _.7. 谓语为动词短语的情况：如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。They have put off the meeting till next Saturday._.When we got to the cinema, it had sold out all the tickets._.8. 双重被动结构：指句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子主语既是谓语动词的承受着又是不定式动作的承受者。They
9、asked us to discuss the problem at once. _._.Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. _._.3、 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。（1） 可用来表示主语内在“品质”“性能”的不及物动词：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常与well/ badly/easily/smoothly搭配。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态
10、表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）（2） 某些状态动词或不及物动词，在汉语中虽有被动意味，但英语中用主动形式，如：weigh，measure，cost，spread，last，happen，break out，take place，consist of, come out, come about, come across, get across, run out, give out, turn out等。Th
11、is wall measures 10 meters long.The news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly.2. 系动词的主动语态表被动：look，feel，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay，appear。The music sounds comfortable.This shirt feels much softer than that one.四非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1. 不定式的主动表被动a. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又
12、是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out .b. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have
13、 a letter to be posted? With something to buy, she went to market.I have a letter to write. She has something to say.c. 在be to do结构中如rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Am I to blame?The house is to let.2. 动名词的主动表被动。a. 在need，want，require, deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repa
14、iring（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。b形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。3. 介词in, on, under, out of等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）in the charge of (在.掌管之下）， in use(在使用中), in print（在印刷中）on sho
15、w(展出)， on sale (待售)， out of control, out of sightfor sale, for rent, beyond belief, beyond our hope.例The building is under construction( is being constructed).重点拓展：被动形式表主动意义，某些动词+反身代词可变为被动结构表主动意义如devote oneself to, dress oneself, seat oneself, amuse oneself, lose oneself, prepare oneself for, concer
16、n oneself about.变为：be devoted to, be hidden in, be buried in, be absorbed in , be lost, be seated in, be faced with, be prepared for.五、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例The glass is broken _The glass was
17、 broken by the boy _The teacher was pleased by her answer. _The teacher was pleased with her answer. _2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例The door is locked _The door has already/just been locked_3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired_Many kinds of art have bee
18、n lost in the world. _4. 被动语态和系表结构中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别。被动语态常用greatly等词修饰，系表结构常用very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等。例 I am greatly moved by his kindness. I am very interested in taking the course you are offering.6 练习1. 改错 1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was
19、sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?4)A fire was broken out last night5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital7)His plan is sounded good8)Your coat needs being washed
20、2. 填空1) The pen _ (write) very fast. 2) This kind of sweater _ sells (sell) well. 3) Large numbers of plastic bags _ (use) in the supermarkets every day. 4) Must the old people _ (speak) to politely? 5) Her grandma was still alive when he _(take) to the hospital.6) English _(speak) in many is spoken
21、 counties. 7) Three quarters of the worlds books are written (write) in English. _ 8) All the students _(ask)to bring a kite with them last Sunday. 9) Are many ways _(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees? 10). What are on show in the museum? Some photos _(take)by American children. 11
22、) The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _ (develop) and perfected now.12) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ (see) whether they will enjoy it.13) When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(decide) yet.14) The new suspension bridg
23、e _(design) by the end of last month.15)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _(break).16) - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _(read) a second time. 17）That suit _ (cost) less than 60 dollars yesterday, but now its price is increased.七、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考
24、对谓语动词语态的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is kill
25、edC. was killed D. was killing解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般
26、现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春2003）A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5). The manager entered t
27、he office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001）A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。2高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓
28、语动词语态的关键。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。2). While shoppin
29、g, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海1996）A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded解析 C cant help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）A. is to blame B. is goin
30、g to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。【强化训练】1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to2. The
31、 fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told4. I need one more sta
32、mp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.
33、A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB.
34、have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built
35、C. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typingC to be typed D typed14. Take care! D
36、ont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smi
37、th.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This pa
38、ge needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teachingkey 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB被动语态基础练习选择题 1.Our house_, A . is getting paintB . is ge
39、tting painted C . is got paintedD . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by 3.The war_in 1937 A . was broken outB . had been broken out C . has broken outD . broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . cros
40、sB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to 6.It_this way A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do 7.It_this way. A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing 8._Chaplin. A . The childs name was calledB . The childs name calls C . The child callsD . The child is n