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1、单元语法归纳与练习,by+v.-ing结构 “by+v.-ing”结构在句子中作方式状语,该结构表示“通过做某事而得到某种结果”。by在这个句型中有“通过;借助;用(某种方法或手段)”等含义。例如:I told him the news by sending him a message. 我通过给他发信息告诉他那个消息。,【拓展一】 by的其他用法小结 1.by+地点名词,表示方位,意为“在旁边;靠近”。 My grandparents live by the sea. 我的爷爷奶奶住在海边。 2.by+交通工具、交通方式名词(名词前不加冠词,且名词不用复数形式),意为 “通过,由,乘”。如:
2、by train/rail/taxi/bus/truck/bike/ boat/plane/land/sea/air等。 3.by+时间名词,意为“到时为止;在之前;不迟于”。 He got there by four oclock. 他在4点前到了那里。 4.by+反身代词,意为“独自”。 Tina couldnt move the heavy box by herself. 蒂娜自己搬不动这么重的箱子。,5.by+动作执行者,用于被动语态,意为“被;由”。 The house was destroyed by fire. 房子被火烧毁了。 6.用于某些固定短语中 word by word逐
3、词 bit by bit 一点一点;慢慢地 by the way顺便问一下 by mistake错误地 by accident偶然;意外地 by hand用手;手工,【拓展二】 辨析by,in与with by,in和with都可以表示方式,但用法不同。 1.by强调“方式、方法、手段”,后接表示动作、行为的名词。 You may send the book by post. 你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。 2.in强调“用某种语言、工具、材料”等。 The teacher asked you to say it in French. 老师让你用法语把它表述出来。 3.with强调“借助于某一具体的
4、工具、材料或人体器官”。 We work with our hands.我们靠手工作。,.单项选择 ( )1.All the apples are picked hand.Its a hard job. A.inB.byC.with D.on ( )2.How will you pay for the dinner without money? using e-pay on my phone. A.ByB.With C.ForD.On ( )3.A woman stood the window,watching the children playing games in the garden.
5、 A.past B.throughC.acrossD.by,B,A,D,( )4.Mr.Zhao is going to the airport taxi. A.inB.onC.by ( )5.Mike has some difficulty in finishing the task by . Could you help him? No problem. A.himB.himselfC.his,C,B,.根据汉语提示完成句子 6.The old man makes a living (通过卖 报纸). 7.Can you finish the work (由你自己)? 8.Read word groups instead of (逐词). 9.你曾经用英语和朋友交谈过吗? Have you ever had conversations with your friends ? 10.他用刀子切下一片面包。 He cut off a piece of bread .,by,selling,newspapers,by,yourself,word,by,word,in,English,with,a,knife,谢谢观赏！,