when,while和as引导时间状语从句的用法.docx

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1、when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法一、 when 的用法如果只从现象来看, when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制 ,根据具体情况而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?4. So

2、rry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他正要走,这时有人敲门。6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。7. I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。根据以上的例句,我们可以总结

3、出一点: when 从句的 A 事件,相当于另一个事件 B 发生的时间点。也就是说,when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为一个时间点, 所以 when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时, 则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时, 它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点,有的文章补充说: when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。实际上, when 从句也可以有其它的时态,但几乎也不用进行时,因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如:1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已

4、经离开了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week

5、, Ill talk with him aboutthis.下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。二、 while 的用法相比于 when 来 , while 从句的 重点就不一 了。 while 从句的 重点在于描述 作正在 生的状 , 它的意思是:当 while 事件正在 生的 候,另一件事如何如何。所以, while 从句一般用的是正在 行 。而另一件事的状 没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定。例如:1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.当妻子正在看 的 候,我正在看 。2. While Jim was

6、 mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行 ,林涛来看他。3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他 的 候,上 响了。4. You cantdo your homework while youre watching TV.你不能一 看 一 做家庭作 。5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get ushome. 翰坐在那里咬指甲 ,我正在制定一个回家的 划。从 的角度来看, whi

7、le 表示的是一段 ,是一个 程。 是while 的 重点。因此,如果含有“一段 ”的含 的 候,就可以用while 。6. Strike while the iron is hot.趁 打 。 句 中,是 趁着 是 的 段 ,赶 打 。如果 成when 意思就 了,相当于 只 了一下,打一下,然后 就冷了。 然不符合文意。再例:Im going to the post office.While youre there, can you get me some stamps?三、 as 的用法as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在 生,另一件事也正在 行当中。但与while 从句不同的是, as 从

8、句用的一般不用正在 行 ,而只是一般 去 。 as 从句一般可以翻 成“ ” 。例如:1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.当我 唱起那些老歌 ,眼泪 着她的 流了下来。2. The students took notes as they listened学.生 听 做笔 。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.我 往下 的 候,他越来越 。4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘 一 走,一 唱。5.

9、 Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.当他抓住球的 候,有一种撕裂的声音。as 表达的事件,往往只是主句 作 生的背景或条件 , as 只是一个次要的 明,不像 while 从句有 while 作本身的意思。因此, as 常常翻 成“随着”之意。例如:1. As the time went on,the weather got worse. 随着 的推移,气候更加糟糕。2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越

10、来越稀薄。3. As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。少数情况下,如果强调动作正在发生, as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫喊。2. As we were going out, it began to snow.正当我们出门时,雪开始下起来。3. He came in as I was going to bed.我

11、正要上床睡觉,他进来了。四、 when, while, as 的互换如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时, when,while,as 可以互换使用。这种情况下,它们的细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清了。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。dance 为延续性动词 2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.当她在打电话时,我正在写信。 make 为延续性动词 3.

12、While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in frontof the bank.我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。五、比较 while, when, as1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如: Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.我刹车后,有一个人向我走来。2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用 as 或 while 。例如: When you h

13、ave finished your work, you may have a rest.干完活后,你可以休息一下。3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用 when 或 while 。例如: As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。2)比较 until 和 till此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时” ,动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事” 。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句: I slept u

14、ntil midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before 代替。例如:Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets).否定句: She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到 6 点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做。区 : 1)until 可用于句

15、首,而till 通常不用于句首。例如: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告 我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。3)until when 疑 句中, until 要放在句首。例如:-Until when are you staying?你呆到什么 候?- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。4)Not until 在句首,主句用倒装。例如: Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know wha

16、t heatis.直到 19 世 初,人 才知道 何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到工作,才 到我已蹉跎了 多 月。5)It is not until that.例如: It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I hadwasted.6)表示“一就”的 构hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和 as soon as都可以表示“一就”的意思。例如:I had

17、 hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.刚回家,就下起雨来了。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意:如果 hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner置于句首,句子必 用倒装 构。例如:Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

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