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1、第十三讲 状语从句 中考要求内容基本要求略高要求较高要求状语从句一、状语从句的分类；二、各个状语从句的连接词；三、状语从句中需要特别注意的问题。语法考点考点梳理状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表： 时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件if, unless原因as, because, since地点where目的so that, in order that结果so that, sothat
2、, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式as比较than, (not) asas, 例： 时间状语从句： Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句： As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。 原因状语从句： Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句： Put it where we
3、can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。清单一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as 等。1连词when，while 和as 都可表示当时候,但用法有区别：（1）when，while 都有“当时候”的意思。when 既可表示某一时间点，也可以表示某一段时间。在when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例：I was just reading a
4、 book when she came into my room. （came为非延续性动词）When the sun rises, the farmers work in the fields.（2）while 只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一时间点。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例：While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.（错）While Lin Tao came to see him, Jim was mending his bike. （对）
5、When Lin Tao came to see him, Jim was mending his bike. You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.（3）另外，when 和while 的区别还在于：while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例：While they were talking, the bell rang.I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.（4）as 意为“一边一边
6、”或“与同时”，重在表示动作同时发生、伴随进行。例：As he grew older, he became more intelligent.2连词before, after, since, until(till). 当他们表示时间时，他们既是介词又是连词。例：beforeHe usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes to school.（连词）He usually drinks a cup of tea before going to school.（介词） afterHe usually drinks a cup of coffee after
7、 he comes back from school.（连词）He usually drinks a cup of coffee after coming back from school. （介词）sinceI have lived in Dalian since my son was born in 1999.（连词）通常情况下，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。I have lived in Dalian since 1999.（介词）until / tillI will wait here until(till) you finish your job.（连词）I will wait
8、 here until(till) 8pm.（介词）【中考链接】1. 托尼经过和老师长时间地反复讨论之后，才下定决心尝试这个新想法。（09西城一模）Tony didnt _ discussing it with his teacher again and again.2. 这本小说太长了，我直到昨天才读完。（09丰台二模）The novel was so long _ until yesterday.3. 昨天晚上比尔直到十二点钟才上床睡觉。（09顺义二模） Bill _ 12 oclock last night.4. 昨天下午我直到写完作业才回家。（09石景山模拟） I _ go home
9、yesterday afternoon _ I finished my homework.3词组 as soon as可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例：As soon as she finishes her homework, she will play tennis. (主将从现)He will come and see you as soon as he can. 他一有空就来看你。He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. （主过从过）他一得到这个好消息就奔回家
10、。【中考衔接】1. 他们一到那里，就看到了战士们正在为国庆60周年做准备。（09宣武一模）_ _ the Celebration of the 60th Anniversary of Chinese National Day _.2. 你一完成作业，就给我打电话。（09崇文二模） Please call me _your homework.3. 汤姆一进房间就看到了礼物。（09东城一模） Tom saw the gift _ he entered the room.拓展：一就no soonerthanHe had no sooner returned than he bought a hous
11、e. 他一回来就买了一套房子。如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒装结构。例如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。有一点要注意，no soonerthan 一般用来描述做过的事情，它不能用于表示将来的事。hardlywhen.使用这个短语时，一般用于过去完成时。例如：He had hardly finished the article when the light went out. 他刚写完文，灯就熄了。另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒装结构即谓语动词要提前。如：Hardly had I f
12、inished eating when he came in. 我刚吃完他就进来了。 immediately/ instantly /directly 相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。例：They phoned her immediately they reached home. 他一到家马上就给她打了电话。I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her. 我一看见她就把她认出来了。We came directly we got your telephone. 我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。 the moment, th
13、e minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一.就。例：He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就打开电视机。Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 告诉他，他一到我就要见他。The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom. 铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。清单二、原因状语从句连接原因状语从句的连接词有becaus
14、e, since, as 和for1. 关于because(1) because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常放在主句之后。we stayed at home because it rained.(2) 回答why 提出的问题，只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如：A：Why cant I go?我为什么不能去？B：Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。2. 关于since 和 assince和as表示的原因是人们所知的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因。since比as语气稍强，两者通常都放在主句之前。如：Since you feel
15、 tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了，你应该休息。As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好，我决定独自去。3. 关于for for “因为,由于”表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号。for分句不放句首.是用来附带解释或说明前一分句的原因和理由。例如： It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. I wont go in, for my father is there【典型例题】I didnt go, I was afrai
16、d. the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.He must be ill, he is absent today.清单三、条件状语从句连接条件状语从句的连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as 等。1如果主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，条件从句的谓语要用一般现在时表示将来时。（主将从现）例：Ill wait for you if you come tomorrow.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.You wont pass the
17、 exam unless you work hard on it.As long as you take my advice, you will outwit your rival.2unless = if not.例：Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.清单四、目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由连接词that, so that, so as to，in order that（to）, for fear that, in case 等词引
18、导。例：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.Cherry was walking quickly in order to arrive at the cinema in time.注：通常情况下，so that 等于in order that.中考链接：1. 托尼非常热爱中国，
19、花了六年的时间来学习汉语为的是能更多的了解中国文化。（09崇文二模）Tony loves China _.清单五、结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that 或suchthat 引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和such 与其后的词的搭配规律。比较：so 和such其规律由so 与such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little 连用，形成固定搭配。例：so foolish / such a foolso nice a flower / such a nice
20、flowerso many / few flowers / such nice flowerssothat 与suchthat 之间的转换既为so 与such 之间的转换。例：The boy is so young that he cant go to school.=He is such a young boy that he cant go to schoolHe ran so fast that we couldnt keep up with him.She spoke English so clearly that all of us could understand her.She
21、is such a nice teacher that all of us love her.=She is a so nice teacher that all of us love her.The chef cooked such nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.=The chef cooked so nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.These were such interesting books that we kept reading until t
22、he end of the class.=These were so interesting books that we kept reading until the end of the class.清单六、让步状语从句连接状语从句的连接词有though, although，even if, even though 等。注意：当有though, although 时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though 和yet，still连用。例：Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He
23、is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Although (though) I gave him some advice, he didnt take them.John continued to work hard even if (even though) he felt sick.注：一般情况下，although等于though, even if等于even though, however等于no matter how, wh-ever等于no matter wh-。拓展：no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+
24、后缀ever，“无论”引导让步状语从句例：No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = however清单七、方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由连接词as, (just) asso, as if, a
25、s though 引导。1as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。例：As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。You should do your homework as Tom did.2a
26、s if, as though 译为仿佛似的，好像似的。例：It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。清单八、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由连接词where, wherever引导。例：Where I live there are plenty of tre
27、es. 我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。Where there is water, there is life.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever you go, I will follow you.= No matter where you go, I will follow you.I will go wherever I can find a good job.= I will go no matter where I can find
28、a good job.重点难点解析难点一、when, while, as, whenever1when（1）when既可以表示时间点，又可以表示时间段。表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用持续性动词。例：When I got home, my family were already having dinner. 我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（时间点）When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. 他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（时间段）He waved a hello when he saw he
29、r. 当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（时间点）When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.当你认为自己一无所知的时候，就开始知道一些事情了。（时间段）注：当when 意思是正当时候（and at that moment）时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。例：He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang. 他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out
30、. 他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain. 他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。（2）有时候when 表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although 或since。例：He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？2while（1）while 通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。例：Str
31、ike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. 她在看报的时候睡着了。（2）while 有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。例：I am fond of English while he likes maths. 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。We slept while the captain kept watch. 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。（3）while 有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。例：While they love the children, they ar
32、e strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。注：虽然during 与while 意思很相近，但是during 是介词，不能引导从句。3as（1）as 表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用持续性动词。as和when 两者经常可以通用。例：The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room. 吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。（2）as 表示一边一边，强调从句和
33、主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。例：They talked as they walked. 他们边走边聊。He looked behind from time to time as he went. 他一边走，一边不时地往后看。（3）as 表示随着例：As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom. 随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。4when, while, as 的用法区别（1）只有当从句表示的是段时间，即
34、其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。例：I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast.我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。（2）在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用： as 更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。例：We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar. 我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 你一张嘴我就知道你要说什幺As he gr
35、ew older, he became less and less active. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了。注：状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。 when 更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。例：When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone. 当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态）When I finally got there, he me
36、eting had been on for ten minutes.当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态） while 从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。例：She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。 若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as 场合多于when。例：As he finished his speech, the audience bur
37、st into applause. 他结束讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。难点二、before, after1beforebefore 表示在一段时间之前。例：I must finish all the work before go home. 回家之前我必须干完所有的活。You must first learn to walk before you try to run. 在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。注：before 从句往往带有否定的
38、含义。例：He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。Take it down before you forget it. 趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。重点：before 常用句型“It is/ was /will be + before.”例：It will be five years before we meet again. 五年以后我们才能再见。It will be not long before you regret what you have done. 不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。It was not lo
39、ng before I realized I was wrong. 不久我就意识到我错了。It was minutes before the police arrived. 过了几分钟警察才到。2afterafter 表在一段时间之后。例：Lets play football after school is over. 放学后我们踢足球吧。The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。难点三、till / until1until/ till 用于肯定句时，表示直到为止，主句中谓语动词必须是持续性动词。例：We shal
40、l wait until/ till he comes back. 我们将一直等到他回来。(注意它们的拼写)Everything went well until/ till that accident happened. 直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。2 not until/ till 表示直到才，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可以用before 代替。例：I didnt leave until/ till before she came back. 直到她回来，我才离开的。Bells dont ring till /until you strike them. 铃不打不响。
41、People do not know the value of their health till /until before they lose it. 人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。3当not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。例：Not until she stopped crying did I leave. 直到她不哭了，我才离开的。注：until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till 从句一般不放在句首。4在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。例：It was not until she took off her dark glasse
42、s that I recognized her. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。难点四、in case, lest, for fear that这几个短语都表示“万一，惟恐”，含有否定的意义。例：Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。Take an umbrella in case it rains. 以防下雨，带把伞。难点五、so.that/ so.that 如此以致其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：1so + 形容词副词+ that-从句例：The village is so small tha
43、t it cannot be shown in the map. 这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。2so + 形容词+ a/ an + 单数名词+ that-从句例：It was so hot a day that they all went swimming. 天是那么的热以致他们都去游泳了。He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited. 他发表了如此鼓舞人的演讲以致大家都很激动。
44、3so + many/ few +复数名词+ that-从句例：I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。4so + much/ little +不可数名词+ that-从句例：I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。H
45、e drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible. 昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他觉得很不舒服。5. 在so + 形容词副词+ that-从句结构中，如将so + 形容词副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装。例：So excited was he that she could not say a word. 他很激动，一句话都说不出来。So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说得很响，连隔壁的人都能听见。我的大学爱情观目录：1、 大学概念2
46、、 分析爱情健康观3、 爱情观要三思4、 大学需要对爱情要认识和理解5、 总结1、什么是大学爱情：大学是一个相对宽松，时间自由，自己支配的环境，也正因为这样，培植爱情之花最肥沃的土地。大学生恋爱一直是大学校园的热门话题，恋爱和学业也就自然成为了大学生在校期间面对的两个主要问题。恋爱关系处理得好、正确，健康，可以成为学习和事业的催化剂，使人学习努力、成绩上升；恋爱关系处理的不当，不健康，可能分散精力、浪费时间、情绪波动、成绩下降。因此，大学生的恋爱观必须树立在健康之上，并且树立正确的恋爱观是十分有必要的。因此我从下面几方面谈谈自己的对大学爱情观。2、什么是健康的爱情：1) 尊重对方，不显示对爱情的占有欲，不把爱情放第一位，不痴情过分；2) 理解对方，互相关心，互相支持，互相鼓励，并以对方的幸福为自己的满足; 3) 是彼此独立的前提下结合