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1、计算机专业英语模拟2.Vocabulary（词汇，30分）(一)TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintoChinese.（写出下列词组的汉语，共10分，每题1分）1.centralprocessingunit（CPU）中央处理器1.2.operatingsystem操作系统2.3.electronicspreadsheet电子表格4.managementinformationsystem管理信息系统5.electroniccommerce电子商务6.database数据库7.softwareengineering软件工程8.softwarecri
2、sis软件危机worksecurity网络安全putervirus计算机病毒(二)FillintheblankswiththecorrespondingEnglishabbreviations.（根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写，共10分，每题1分)1随机存储器RAM2局域网LAN3计算机辅助设计CAD4数字视频光盘DVD5通用串行总线USB6面向对象编程OOP7集成开发环境IDE8结构化查询语言SQL9多文档界面MDI10企业之间的电子商务交易方式B2B(三)Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionsintheleftcolumnwiththosesimilarinm
3、eaningintherightcolumn.（将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配，共10分，每空1分）1.outputb2.high-levellanguagec3.projectwindowe4.black-boxtestingg5.multimediah6.WWWi7.fieldj8.applicationsoftwareda.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.视频输出.高级语言应用软件工程窗口系统软件黑盒测试多媒体9.systemsoftwaref10.vidioai.j.万维网字段changetheformwherenecessary.（从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的()式.Co
4、mprehension（阅读理解，40分）（一）Fillintheblankswithsuitablewordsorexpressionsfromthelistgivenbelow,and形填空，共10分,每空2分)high-levellanguageassemblylanguagewrittenmachinelanguagenotationAprogramminglanguage,designedtofacilitatethecommunicationbetweenhumanandcomputers,isa_notation_fordescribingcomputationinreadabl
5、eform.Thereare3levelsofprogramminglanguages,theyare_machinelanguage_,whichcanberundirectlybycomputer;_assemblylanguage_and_high-levellanguage_.Therearedifferenthigh-levelprogramminglanguages.Fortunately,mostofthemhavemanykindsofconstructincommonandvaryonlyinthewaythatthesemustbe_written_.Therefore,f
6、irstthingtobedecidedaboutataskistochoosewhichprogramminglanguageisbestsuitedforthejob.PassageAThecentralprocessingunit(CPU)istheheartofthecomputersystems.Amongotherthings,itsconfigurationdetermineswhetheracomputerisfastorslowinrelationtoothercomputers.TheCPUisthemostcomplexcomputersystemcomponent,re
7、sponsiblefordirectingmostofthecomputersystemactivitiesbasedontheinstructionsprovided.Asonecomputergenerationhasevolvedtothenext,thephysicalsizeoftheCPUhasoftenbecomesmallerandsmaller,whileitsspeedandcapacityhaveincreasedtremendously.Indeed,thesechangeshaveresultedinmicrocomputersthataresmallenoughto
8、fitonyourdeskoryourlap.TheCPUcomprisesthecontrolunitandthearithmetic/logicunit(ALU).Thecontrolunitisresponsiblefordirectingandcoordinatingmostofthecomputersystemsactivities.Itdeterminesthemovementofelectronicsignalsbetweenmainmemoryandthearithmetic/logicunit,aswellasthecontrolsignalsbetweentheCPUand
9、input/outputdevices.TheALUperformsallthearithmeticandlogical(comparison)functionsthatis,itadds,subtracts,multiplies,divides,anddoescomparisons.Thesecomparisons,whicharebasically“lessthan”,“greaterthan”,and“equalto”,canbecombinedintoseveralcommonexpressions,suchas“greaterthanorequalto”.Theobjectiveof
10、mostinstructionsthatusecomparisonsistodeterminewhichinstructionshouldbeexecutednext.（二）Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassageA.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误，共10分，每题2分）1.Withthedevelopmentofcomputer,thephysicalsizeoftheCPUhasoftenbecomebiggerandbigger.(F)2.Themovementofelectro
11、nicsignalsbetweenmainmemoryandtheALUaswellasthecontrolsignalbetweentheCPUandinput/outputdevicesarecontrolledbythecontrolunitoftheCPU.(T)3.TheCPUcomprisesthecontrolunitandmemory.(F)4.Thecontrolunitperformsallthearithmeticandlogical(comparison)functions.(F)5.Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)istheheartofth
12、ecomputersystems.(T)PassageBAcomputervirusisacomputerprogramthatiscreatedtomakeandspreadcopiesofitself.Theprogrammayhoweveralsobedesignedtohaveothereffectsonthesystemsitinfects,rangingfromtheannoyingtothedisastrous.Virusattacksaregrowingrapidlythesedays.AccordingtoBusinessWeek,the76,404attacksreport
13、edinthefirsthalfof2003nearlymatchpreviousyearstotalnumber.Asnewantivirustoolsaremorepowerfulthanbefore,theviruswritersaregettingalotsmarterwithnewerandcreativewaystoattacknetworksystems.Letsfirstexaminesomecommonvirustypes:BasicVirus-apieceofsoftwarecodethatisdevelopedtoattackcomputersandnetworksyst
14、emsviaemailorInternetconnections.Itquicklyreplicatesitselfandgraduallyattachestofiles,programsortheharddrive.TrojanHorses-Thisisaprogramthatdoesntreplicatewhenenteringasystembutcanbeeffectivelyusedtoopenbackdoors.TrojanHorsesallowhackerstotakecontroloveraparticularsystemortostealveryimportantdata.Wo
15、rm-thistypeofvirusisabletospreaditselfautomaticallyoverthenetworkfromonecomputertothenext.Duringawormattack,userscomputersgetinfectedwithoutevenhavingtoclickopenemailattachmentoranyprogram,etc.Sinceitisverydifficulttoavoidthevirus,yourbestdefenseisapowerfulantivirusprogram.Inordertofightwithsuchviru
16、ses,thesoftwarevendorsshouldfocusonmakingtheirproductsmorerobust.Thismayaskforatrade-offbetweenuser-friendlinessandsecurity.Inspecificcasesitmayrequireline-by-lineinspection,coderetoolingandevensystemsautomationtodefendtheinstalledprograms.（三）choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassageB.（根据上文的内容选择正确的答案
17、，共10分，每题2分）1AcomputervirusisacomputerprogramthatiscreatedtomakeandspreadCofitself.AprogramsBvirusCcopiesDfiles2WormspreaditselfexceptbyD.AnetworkBE-mailCprogramDhardware3AntivirusprogramcanscanandAvirus.AcleanBproduceCreplicateDmake4TrojanHorsesC.Aquicklyreplicateitselfandgraduallyattachtofiles,prog
18、ramsortheharddrive.Binfectthecomputerwithoutevenhavingtoclickopenemailattachmentoranyprogram.Callowhackerstotakecontroloveraparticularsystemortostealveryimportantdata.Davoidthevirustoattackcomputer.5AccordingtoBusinessWeek,theBattacksreportedinthefirsthalfof2003nearlymatchpreviousyearstotalnumber.A8
19、6,404B76,404C56,354D34,876PassageCTheInternet,thenknownasARPANET,wasbroughtonlinein1969,whichinitiallyconnectedfourmajorcomputersatuniversitiesinthesouthwesternUS.TheearlyInternetwasusedbycomputerexperts,engineers,scientists,andlibrarians.Therewasnothingfriendlyaboutit.Therewerenohomeorofficepersona
20、lcomputersinthosedays,andanyonewhousedit,whetheracomputerprofessionaloranengineerorscientistorlibrarian,hadtolearntouseaverycomplexsystem.TheInternetmaturedinthe1970sasaresultoftheTCP/IParchitecture.AsthecommandsforE-mail,FTP,andtelnetwerestandardized,itbecamealoteasierfornon-technicalpeopletolearnt
21、ousethenets.Itwasnoteasybytodaysstandardsbyanymeans,butitdidopenupuseoftheInternettomanymorepeopleinuniversitiesinparticular.Otherdepartmentsbesidesthelibraries,computer,physics,andengineeringdepartmentsfoundwaystomakegooduseofthenets-tocommunicatewithcolleaguesaroundtheworldandtosharefilesandresour
22、ces.In1991,thefirstreallyfriendlyinterfacetotheInternetwasdevelopedattheUniversityofMinnesota.TheUniversitywantedtodevelopasimplemenusystemtoaccessfilesandinformationoncampusthroughtheirlocalnetwork.SincetheInternetwasinitiallyfundedbythegovernment,itwasoriginallylimitedtoresearch,education,andgover
23、nmentuses.Commercialuseswereprohibitedunlesstheydirectlyservedthegoalsofresearchandeducation.Thispolicycontinueduntiltheearly1990s,whenindependentcommercialnetworksbegantogrow.（四）ChoosethebestansweraccordingtoPassageC.（根据上文的内容选择正确的答案，共10分，每题2分）1.HowmanycomputerswereconnectedtotheinitialInternetin196
24、9?BA.TenB.FourC.TwentyD.Three2.OnlyAcouldusetheearlyInternet.A.computerexperts,engineers,scientists,andlibrariansB.anyexperts,engineers,scientists,andlibrariansC.computerexperts,engineers,scientists,andstudentsD.experts,engineers,andscientistsinuniversitiesinUS3.TheInternetbecamealoteasierfornon-tec
25、hnicalpeopletolearnandusebecauseofthecommonB.A.commandsB.protocolsC.topologiesD.architecture4.ThefirstreallyfriendlyinterfacetotheInternetappearedwiththeintroductionofaCsystemforfilesandinformationaccess.A.computerB.operatingC.menuD.application5.WhichstatementisnottrueaccordingtoPassageC?DA.Manymore
26、peopleinuniversitiesbegantousetheInternetinthe1970s,butitwasntasuser-friendlyastodaysstandards.B.Therestrictionstocommercialuseschangedastheindependentcommercialnetworkswerenotfundedbythegovernment.C.CommercialuseswereallowedfortheearlyInternetiftheydirectlyservedthegoalsofresearchandeducation.D.The
27、earlyInternetwasloggedinfromhomeorofficepersonalcomputers.Translation（翻译，30分）(一)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语，每题5分）1.SQLServerisdesignedtoallowthousandsofuserstoaccessthedatabaseatthesametimeandisatrueclient/serverdatabasesystem.1.SQL服务器用于允许成前上万的用户同时访问数据库，是一个真正的客户端/服务器端的数据库系统
28、。2.Anapplicationsoftwareisanyprogramdesignedtoperformaspecificfunctiondirectlyfortheuseror,insomecases,foranotherapplicationprogram.2应用软件是直接为用户设计的具有专门功能的软件，或在某些情况下，为另一种应用程序设计的软件。3.AsmallnetworkmayonlyconnecttwocomputersinsideahometoshareasingleprinterandInternetconnection3一个小型的网络可能是连结一个家庭中的两个计算机，共同分
29、享一个打印机和Internet连结。4.Thereisfreefirewallsoftwareavailablethatcanrunonyourcomputerandprovideagoodlevelofprotectiontoyournetwork.4有一些免费的防火墙软件能在你的计算机上运行，并且给你的网络提供很好的保护。fromtranslate(二)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.（将下段文章翻译成汉语，共10分）Ahigh-levellanguageisanartificiallanguagewithwhichwecanwritev
30、ariousinstructions.Thisispossiblenotbecausecomputerprocessorsarenowsotechnologicallyadvancedthattheycanunderstandtheselanguages.Youshouldprogramminglanguagesintomachinelanguagewhichcanbeunderstoodbythecomputerprocessors.Compilerscanaccomplishthistask.Thisdoesmeanthatahigh-levellanguageprogramisnotdirectlyexecutable:itmustbecompiledtoproduceprocessorprogram,whichisexecutable.高级语言是一种人造语言，使用它我们可以写不同的指令。这成为可能不是因为计算机处理器技术先进到它们可以理解这些语言。你需要将这些语言翻译成计算机处理器能够理解的机器语言。编译器能够完成这项工作。这就意味着高级语言程序不是直接可执行的：它必须被编译生成处理器程序，这些程序是可执行的。