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1、 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 小学英语教育中的新方法 学生姓名： 学生学号： 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003 级英语本科 1 班 指导教师： 二七年五月 New English Teaching Methods in Elementary School Shu Qing Under the Supervision of Liang Yulan School of Foreign Languages and Cultures Panzhihua University May 2007 Contents Abstract.I Key Words.I 摘 要.II 关键词.II Intro
2、duction.1 I. The Development of English Teaching in Elementary School.2 II. New English Teaching Methods in Elementary School.4 A. Planning a General English Language Course.4 B. Creating an Inclusive Environment.5 C. Listening and Speaking.5 a. Listening.5 b. Speaking.7 D. Acting .7 E. Singing Song
3、s.8 F. Playing Games.10 a. Memory Game.10 b. Contest Game.11 c. Training Game.11 d. Role-Playing.12 Conclusion.13 Acknowledgements.14 Bibliography.15 Abstract This paper concentrates on some new methods in elementary school English teaching. The paper is developed into two major parts. The first par
4、t says the development of English teaching in elementary school. The second part deals with new English teaching methods in elementary school. It includes seven aspects: (1) planning a general English language course ; (2) creating an inclusive environment of class is very important; (3) listening a
5、nd speaking are very important skills for beginners; (4) acting is not only advantageous to class study, but also sound in body and mind; (5) songs can stimulate pupils interest and develop learners language abilities; (6) playing games for children is very useful and important; (7) role-playing is
6、intended on the overall language ability of learners. Key Words English teaching; elementary school; new methods 摘摘要要 这篇论文研究小学英语教学中的新方法。本文分为两大部分。第一部分是讲小学英语 教学的发展。第二部份是讲小学教学中的新方法,它包括起 7 个小部分:(1)设计英语课堂教 学是很有趣的;(2)创造课堂内部环境的重要性;(3)听和讲对于初学者来说是非常重要的技 能;(4)表演不仅有利于课堂学习, 而且可以使身体和头脑清晰(5)歌曲可能激发学生的学习 兴趣和开发学习者的语
7、言能力;(6)游戏是对孩子非常有用和重要的方式;(7)围绕学习者的 语言能力进行角色扮演。 关键词关键词 英语教学; 小学; 新方法 Introduction With the coming of new century and promotion of reform and opening-up, English is becoming more and more vital in peoples life. Recently people have deeply realized that the improvement of English must be started in chil
8、dhood. Pupils are longing for knowledge and study, but they often cannot concentrate on one thing. And their absorption to knowledge is mainly through appearance and image. Therefore, English-teaching of pupils mainly focuses on the stimulating of pupils interest of learning. English teachers in ele
9、mentary school are expected to employ various teaching methods flexibly. Since 2001 the first year to start English course in elementary school, the study of English-teaching methods is also increasing. Lots of progresses have been achieved. This paper will deal with new methods of English teaching
10、in elementary school: 1). planning a general English language course; 2). creating an Inclusive Environment. 3). listening and speaking. 4). Acting; 5). singing songs. 6). playing games. All these methods can help to make the English class interesting and lively, and they can also attract the pupils
11、. I. The Development of English Teaching in Elementary School In a long period, the teachers in China are all normally geared to operate via the traditional teacher-centered approach, in which instructions are almost entirely under the control of the teaching staff in English class. This kind of for
12、ced-feeding method of teaching plays an unfavorable role in English teaching. For instance, language teachers are seen exclusively as individuals who hold and transmit language. They are not only directors of the teaching process, but also the mere instruments of the expert who provides a method to
13、be implemented in the classroom. That means, they possess the kind of control over the amount, sequencing, and frequency of usage of the items the learners produce or receive. On the other hand, the pupils are on an inactive and negative footing. Some experts of modern pedagogy believe that the teac
14、her plays supportive rather than central roles in class. Its real center is the pupils. That means, teachers are the facilitators of their pupils learning, and they are monitors, counselors, consultants, etc. The role of the teacher is that he must be concerned with providing an environment that wil
15、l supply the appropriate sort of input and in which the learner can be engaged in creative interaction, and assist the learner to develop a natural capacity to communicate in another language. That is to say, the starting point of the teaching should be the pupils and they are the active and positiv
16、e participants in teaching process. Such a method of teaching is good for pupils. First, it can cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problem independently. Second, it helps develop the ability of the pupils to think things out for themselves. Third, it fosters the pupils ability to st
17、udy on their own. Finally, it gives scope to the pupils initiative and creativeness. Therefore, in class, teachers should insist on pupil-centered teaching methodology and change the approaches continuously. It claims that the teacher is only a guidekeeps the pace of work uniformly fast, maintains a
18、n active businesslike atmosphere in class. What more important is to guide them in learning by themselves, to train their learning method which is an indispensable element in their learning of a foreign language, to give them more time to make their own contributions to the classroom communication,
19、and to advocate extra curriculum activities and stimulate their consciousness of becoming participants actively. On the other hand, pupils should be able to act as leaders, never merely sitting like empty bottles waiting to be filled! (Ronald S. Brandt, 2000) II. New English Teaching Methods in Elem
20、entary School People will have no appetite if people eat a certain kind of delicious food everyday. The same way, the pupils will become tired of the teaching if teacher use the same teaching method in every class, even if it is completely perfect. So the teachers have to use various kinds of teachi
21、ng forms to make the teaching task fulfilled. According to the basic demands in English class, which are laid down by education bureau in Autumn in 2001, and the features of pupils study, it is a new way in modern, elementary English class, such as, listening and speaking; acting; singing songs; pla
22、ying games; role-playing, All these forms can help make the English class interesting and lively, and they can also attract the pupils. A. Planning a General English Language Course Planning a general English course is interesting as teachers are creating a teaching strategy that helps not only the
23、students but also teachers, in a very effective way. Lesson planning is the first step. It includes data such as content, language learning objectives, instructional approaches and procedures, materials required, and criteria for constructing an assessment for the lesson. It is like a map guiding so
24、meone to his / her destination through unknown or known paths and places. Lesson planning is a teacher problem solving activity pursuing the answer to the question of how to most effectively promote and accomplish intended learning outcomes. In summary, lesson planning is needed for a. Giving a sens
25、e of direction b. Helping students become aware of the lesson objectives and the learning tasks they are asked to perform c. Managing a classroom d. Helping teachers to solve, in advance, teaching problems B. Creating an Inclusive Environment a. Make sure those classroom posters, pictures, books, mu
26、sic, toys, dolls, and other materials are diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, age, family situations, disabilities, and so on. b. Try to involve other supportive teachers, administrators so that teachers are not the only one modeling a concern for inclusive classrooms and school settings. c
27、. Make a special effort to use language that is unbiased, inclusive, and do not divide students unnecessarily. For example, Okay everyone. is less likely to reinforce gender divisions than Okay, boys and girls. d. If a students question makes a teacher uncomfortable, he/she should do best to answer
28、it on the spot, but then take time later to reflect on what made a teacher uncomfortable. e. Do not ignore discriminatory behavior. Avoiding the problem will not make it go away, and teachers silence may even give the appearance of tacit approval. Instead, make it clear that the teacher will not tol
29、erate racial, ethnic, religious, sexual, or other offensive jokes, slurs, or behaviors, and explain why. If the teacher cannot respond at the time the incident takes place, respond as soon as possible before the problem worsens. C. Listening and Speaking Listening and speaking are very important ski
30、lls for beginners. A host of facts show that children learning their native language begin by understanding through listening. They comprehend the language before they can speak it. Language teaching should not violate this theory. Now the elementary school pupils pay more attention to the speaking
31、and listening skills. It is better that teachers let them listen and understand the language first, and let them speak gradually when they feel ready and comfortable with it. In fact, listening and speaking are always used inseparably in real life situations. However, listening is an important basis
32、 for speaking. a. Listening 1. The teacher should lay stress on imitating the tape-recorder, and improve the quality of listening. In class, pupils are asked to first listen to the tape recordings or watch TV in English, which can enable them to familiar with foreigners pronunciation or tone, then r
33、epeat and memorize it. They must imitate the model English and achieve correct and standard pronunciation, intonation, stress and rhythm. If so, it will improve pupils quality of listening English efficiently. 2. The teacher must pay attention to the class teaching, and cultivate the habit of listen
34、ing. In teaching, listening should be the chief means of teaching in the beginning and intermediate stage. So, as for teachers, they must insist on teaching listening in class, which is beneficial to focus the pupils attention, temper their capacity of perception, cultivate their imaginative power a
35、nd the ability of thought. While the teachers teach new lesson, they adhere to let the pupil read the questions about the content of the dialogue, then hear a model dialogue one or more times, which is on the tape. The pupils just listen and try to understand the meaning of the dialogue with the hel
36、p of the teachers gestures, mime, context or situation established in advance. At last, they find out the answers and repeat the sentences that are related to those problems. If doing like this, the pupils will form a habit of careful listening. And they will raise the ability of listening naturally
37、, as long as they make unremitting efforts. 3. Both teachers and pupils use English in class. Both teachers and pupils use English in class every day. The teachers speak only the target language. Pupils may use either the first or second language. If they choose to respond in the second language, th
38、eir errors are not corrected unless meaning is affected. 4. The teachers have to use various kinds of teaching forms to arouse the learners listening interesting. Interest is the mainspring of incentive. Interest is the foundation of all mental activity (C. E. Echkersley, 1982). Its very nature is t
39、o lead to thought and action. Pupils are naturally curious and active. They are full of enthusiasm and often show a lot of eagerness to participate. If pupils are happy, feel secure and in a relaxing environment they are more likely to enjoy listening activities that include listening and doing colo
40、ring, numbering, ticking, pointing, or matching. Moreover, these activities can help develop childrens real-life listening skills and arouse their listening interest. b. Speaking It is known to all, speaking is fundamental for communication and is essential for developing interpersonal skill. Howeve
41、r, learning to speak in another language is not an easy thing. As teachers, they need to be patient and tolerant, create a very relaxed and friendly environment for pupils to try to speak in the new language, encourage pupils and praise them for being brave and encourage pupils efforts at speaking.
42、What more important is that teacher need to make the scene dialogue, create interesting topics and genuine purposes for pupils to speak the language. Of course, some imitations and repetitions are necessary to prepare pupils to speak, but even with imitations and repetitions, teacher can make them more interesting and meaningful. If a teacher just teaches his or her lang