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1、句子成分和结构,词类,I wish you . Im sure well . It was a party. We crossed the river.,success,succeed,successful,successfully,必须弄清每一个词的词类， 要从头树立词类概念。,句子成分和结构,词类(parts of speech),词类,英语名称,作 用,例 词,名词,形容词,数词,表示人和事物的名称,人和事物的特征,表示数目和顺序,book gun,brave big,nine third,n.,a. , adj.,num.,代词,动词,副词,代替名称 动词等,表示动作和状态,动作特征或
2、性状特征,pron.,v.,adv.,they many,fight know,bravely very,实义词,句子成分和结构,词类,英语名称,作 用,例 词,冠词,介词,连词,感叹词,art.,prep.,conj.,interj.,用在名称前，帮助说明其意义,在名称，代词前，说明它与别的词之间的关系,用来连接词与词或句与句,说话时的感情或口气,a, an, the,for , from with without,and, if .as,oh, ah,不能独立担当成分,虚词,句子成分和结构,句子成分,主谓宾表 定状补 同位语,句子成分和结构,Different parts of a sen
3、tence,概 念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。,句子成分和结构,1. 主语 表示所说的对象是“谁”或者是“什么”.主语一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词,短语或从句充当。 I like English. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. What he said upset
4、me.（主语从句） It hasnt been decided whether the sports game will be held. (主语从句),句子成分和结构,2. 谓语 位置一般在主语之后，说明主语的动作或状态。谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当。 Nobody knows him. The rich are not always happy. I am getting off at the next station. Will you have to go tomorrow? I wonder if it is because I havent been able to be outd
5、oors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.,句子成分和结构,3. 宾语 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或介词所支配的对象。名词、代词（宾格）、数词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句都可以作宾语。 We love our motherland. He gave up smoking last year. Do you understand what I mean? He bought me a gift. We must fight for peace.,句子成分和结构,4. 表语 表语放
6、在系动词(be等)之后，用来说明主语的特征、性质、身份或状态等。名词、形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句都可以用作表语。 That sounds good. He became angry. My dream has come true. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. This is where he lives.,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,5. 定语 主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，短语或从句充当。定语用来修饰名词或代词. You are hard-working students. A broken
7、heart /a swimming pool A baby girl Anne was a strong girl who was very found of nature. Lots of machines were made which used this kind of power.,句子成分和结构,6.状语 主要由副词，或与之相当的其他词类，短语或从句充当。状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 They are working hard. Surely, we will help you. Have you ever tried any adventure travel? He
8、was reading yesterday afternoon. He was reading when his mother came in.,句子成分和结构,7.补语 补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，代词，数词等充当。 The bad news made us upset. We call her Jenny. They found him out. Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.,句子成分和结构,8. 同位语 对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明。由名词，数词，代词或从句充当。 This is Miss Cao, our English teacher.
9、 She herself said so. Are you two ready? 9.插入语 Parenthesis He, I think, is a good student. By the way, what time is it by your watch,句子成分和结构,英语中的五种基本句型,（简单句）,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如
10、下： 基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主谓宾） 基本句型四： + +IO +DO（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： + +O +OC（主谓宾宾补）,句子成分和结构,基本句型 一 +（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词（Vi），后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。系动词：,句子成分和
11、结构,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（Vt）。,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,基本句型 四 + +IO +DO（主谓间宾直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,1.give, pass, tell , teach , send, write, show, bring, of
12、fer 等 sth. to sb. 2.buy, get, fetch, build, choose, make, save 等 sth. for sb. 搭配不同要记准,句子成分和结构,基本句型 五 + + +（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,典型例题分析,句子成分和结构,1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4
13、.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓,句子成分和结构,1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾 5.We should keep the plants i
14、n the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓,句子成分和结构,1) make/let/have/get 四个使役动词 make sb. do Sb. be made to do make sb./sth. done Sb./Sth. be made done let sb. do have sb. do/doing/done get sb. to do/doing/done 2) leave/keep sb./sth. doing/ done 3) 一感觉，二听，六七看 feel, listen to/hear,
15、 see/watch/notice/find/observe/catch see sb. do Sb. be seen to do see sb. doing Sb. be seen doing see sb. done Sb. be seen done help，call, tell，ask，think，want sb. to do 4) 6123 consider/think/find/feel/make/believe it + n./adj.+ to do/doing/that,句子成分和结构,用括号内的词适当形式填空,1. The teacher caught her _(cheat
16、) in the monthly exam. 2. Suddenly, she felt some water _(flow) over her right leg. 3. Can you notice some clouds _(move) fast? 4. In order to make herself _(hear), the teacher had to raise her voice. 5. The boss makes his workers _ all day.,句子成分和结构,6. Dont leave todays work _(undo) until tomorrow.
17、7. She is always keeping others _(wait) for her. 8. Do you want your child _(study) hard? 9. I want to have my hair _(cut). 10. The harvest had all the machines _(work) all day.,句子成分和结构,简单句的 五种 基本句型,句子成分和结构,句子成分和结构,lets practise,句子成分和结构,请说出下列句子类型,1.Autumn is coming. 2.They wont let me go. 3.He showe
18、d me his new bike. 4.She knows what to do. 5.The weather is very cold.,句子成分和结构,英语句子,按交际功能分,按结构分类,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,简单句,并列句,复合句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,句子成分和结构,英语句子的种类,简单句,并列句,复合句,句子成分和结构,.简单句,只包含一个主谓结构 Mary opened the door. 两个主语和一个谓语 Steve and his friend are coming
19、 to dinner. 一个主语和并列谓语 Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.,句子成分和结构,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,.并列句,句子成分和结构,常用并列连词,表平行的并列连词 表转折的并列连词 表因果的并列连词 表选择的并列连词,and, bothand, neither nor not only but also,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror,句子成分和结构,lets practise,句子成分和结构,1. I turned on the T
20、V. I watched it. I turned on the TV and watched it. 2. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,句子成分和结构,常用并列连词,表平行的并列连词 表转折的并列连词 表因果的并列连词 表选择的并列连词,and, bothand, neither nor not only but also,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror,句子成
21、分和结构,lets practise,句子成分和结构,1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,He was tired, so he went to bed.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句,句子成分和结构,3. He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,H
22、e made a promise, but He didnt keep it.,4. Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door, and John is greeting her guests.,句子成分和结构,由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句 主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。 从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须由连接词和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,.复合句（Compound Sentence),句子成分和结构,I wonde
23、r if you could give me a hand.,请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。,从句,主句,句子成分和结构,Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp（集中营）. 复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以有n个 . ( n 1 ) She said that she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.,句子成分和结构,1.名词性从句,在复合句中，主要包含以下
24、类型从句：,1）主语从句 2）宾语从句 3）表语从句 4）同位语从句,2.状语从句,3.定语从句,句子成分和结构,lets practise,句子成分和结构,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope that everything is all right. She was reading the newspaper when I came in. She is the girl who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,句子成分和结构,It is such a big box that nobody can move it. He didnt come yest
25、erday because he was ill. Ill give the letter to him when I see him. Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,指出下列各从句中的从属连词,句子成分和结构,He has found out .She was late. (why),请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句,I still remember the day
26、.I first came to Beijing on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.,He has found out why she was late.,句子成分和结构,1. My roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up.,请用所学知识改正下列病句,句子成分和结构,改正： My roommate was sleeping . We didnt want to wake her up. My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.,句子成分和结构,2. I went to bed. Because I was tired. 改正： I went to bed because I was tired.,句子成分和结构,Thats all for the class！,Thank you!,句子成分和结构,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！,