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1、2012年全国职称英语等级考试理工A级考前密押卷【密】第1部分：词汇选项（115题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?AexplainBexamineCchooseDexpand2They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year
2、.AgoodsBsoilCclimateDharvest3The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.AancientBoldCmodernDsplendid4We shall keep the money in a secure place.AcleanBsecretCdistantDsafe5The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city.AattackedBsurprisedCattractedDinterested6Buying expe
3、nsive furniture is not necessarily a smart move to make.AcleverBsimilarCslowDquiet7There is a small risk of brain damage from such an operation.AhopeBluckCcaseDdanger8I couldnt believe these people were behaving so rudely.AtalkingBactingCspeakingDcomplaining9John telephoned the police immediately af
4、terwards.AhappilyBslowlyCsoonDexcitedly10He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any uncertainty about what was meant.AsurpriseBconsiderationCdoubtDconclusion11The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.Aargued BderivedCpermittedDcome12I can no longer tolerate from the premises.Aput up
5、withBacceptCtakeDsuffer from13Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.AaskBpersuadeCassignDorder14She has been the subject of massive media coverage.AextensiveBnegativeCresponsiveDexplosive15I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.AsupplyBreachCpr
6、ovideDmeet第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Good or Bad?Saccharin(糖精) is the only truly man-made sweetener. It was discovered by accident 100 years ago in an experiment with coal tar(煤焦油). In the
7、experiment, a scientist got some substance (which later he knew was saccharin) on his finger. “Later, at dinner, he put his finger into his mouth and noticed the sweet taste,” says Eric Walters, professor of biochemistry at the Chicago Medical School.Containing no calories, saccharin is not absorbed
8、 by the human body. It began to be disliked by people during the late 1970s and early 1980s when one set of studies showed that it caused cancer in laboratory animals. According to Walters, it is not fair to saccharin because the studies were not perfect.More recent testing with other animals with s
9、mall amounts of saccharin has not repeated the same results. Even with these experimental results, saccharin labels are still required to carry a warning saying it has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. In 1990, saccharin was allowed to be sold in the market again.Because it is hundre
10、ds of times sweeter than table sugar, only a small amount of saccharin is used at home, in restaurants or in the food-making industry.Another sweetener we commonly use is aspartame(甜味剂). It is not so sweet as saccharin, but much sweeter than table sugar. Unlike saccharin, however, aspartame can be a
11、bsorbed into the body. It contains 4 calories per gram, the same as table sugar. But aspartame is 180 times sweeter than sugar.Although aspartame is found in thousands of products, its safety, like saccharin, has still been uncertain. Nevertheless, people allow its use in all foods and drinks.“In my
12、 opinion, aspartame is as safe as sugarbut then there are those who think white sugar is dangerous,” says Walters. “Between aspartame and saccharin, I would pick aspartame. But at normal use levels, I think saccharin is safe too.”16When talking about saccharin and aspartame, Eric Walters most probab
13、ly thinks that aspartame is safer than saccharin.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned17After doing many experiments, Walters finally found saccharin at dinner.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned18Aspartame is sweeter than saccharin when in hot drinks.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned19Because saccharin was reported to have c
14、aused cancer in lab animals, it got a bad name.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20Saccharin and aspartame are quite safe at normal use levels, but cause cancer in rats.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21Saccharin can be absorbed into the body but has no calories.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22White sugar is consider
15、ed dangerous if taken in excess.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。THE SERVICE YOU GET ON THE TUBE1.The worlds first underground railway (the Tube) opened in London i
16、n January 1863. Today there are 11 lines serving 272 stations, the busiest of which, Kings Cross, sees the start and finish of around 70 million journeys a year. But the system is in crisis mainly as a result of under investment. Overcrowding combined with poor reliability can lead to problems for t
17、ravelers, particularly those who use the Tube during its busiest hours.2.This report looks at service and safety on the Underground. Its based on the findings of our survey of passengers. Last June e interviewed 1,698 Tube travelers outside 46 Underground stations in London; 517 regular travelers we
18、re contacted again and asked more detailed questions by phone.3.Since 1981 the number of passengers using the Tube has increased by almost half. The increase in passengers has not been matched by an expansion of the Underground system and there is widespread congestion, particularly during the peak
19、hours. London Underground Limited (LU) states that over the busiest rush hour no more than one person should have to stand for each seated passenger. But LUs own statistics show that this standard is often not met over large areas of track on a daily basis.4.Forty-three per cent of regular travelers
20、 mentioned graffiti, rubbish and generally dirty conditions as one of the aspects of the Undergrounds service they disliked. The aim set by the Government for train cleaning is that carriages should be cleaned internally every day they are in use. LUs figures show it has come very close to achieving
21、 this. But there are no standards to define or measure how well trains have been cleaned. LU has made progress in dealing with rubbish at major stations but graffiti, old coaches and unmodernised stations remain serious problems.5.Well over half of the regular travelers said they were dissatisfied w
22、ith the information provided when something goes wrong on the system. 72 per cent of those who were dissatisfied complained that the information was wrong or given too late. 49 per cent couldnt hear or understand what was said. LU told us that a new system has been installed, which should mean clear
23、er messages. However, the new system applies only to messages broadcast within stations. Those coming from a central control room may not improve for some time to come.6.Most of this report reflects the experiences of regular Tube travelers but we also asked those who do not travel every day for the
24、ir views. The most popular type of ticket bought by these travelers was a one-day pass. Few appeared to have had problems finding their way around the system 89 per cent said finding their way around was easy.23Paragraph 2( )24Paragraph 3( )25Paragraph 4( )26Paragraph 5( )A Poor AnnouncementsBDirty
25、and OutdatedCPassengers Opinions CountDOvercrowdingEA Waste of TimeFOccasional Users27The Tube system in Britain is facing a .( )28Some Tube travelers were interviewed more than once to get ( )29LU has already taken measures to improve its .( )30 Only few Tube travelers say they have problems in.( )
26、Amaking complaintsBfinding their wayC their opinions on the TubeDserious financial problemEbroadcasting systemFspeed第4部分:阅读理解(第3145题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇The Highlands of ScotlandThe drive from England to Scotland provides the trav
27、eler with many pleasant changes of scenery. As it is a fairly journey, it is good to be able to travel with a friend who can drive a car too.A Scotsman traveling with an English friend may tell him that he is going to see, in the Highlands, the finest scenery in the world. This may sound exaggerated
28、, but on arriving in the Highlands most people readily agree that the scenery is indeed magnificent.The Highlands are, as the name implies, the hilly or mountainous region of the country; they form the greater part of the western half of Scotland north of Glasgow.On the first night in Scotland a tou
29、rist may choose to stay at a hotel in the little town of Gallander, which is one of the gateways (通道) to the Highlands. On the following day he can set out to see the various lakes in the neighbourhood, and will be delighted with the wild and romantic aspect of the countryside. When he returns to hi
30、s hotel he will be glad to eat a copious (丰盛的) “high tea”. This is a meal which, in Scotland and many parts of northern England, takes the place of tea and dinner. It consists of one substantial course, followed by bread-and-butter, with jam or honey, and some kind of cake. Tea is drunk with the mea
31、l, which is taken at about six oclock in the evening. One has a light supper late in the evening.The next morning many tourists move on to the west coast, passing on their way Loch Lomond, one of the largest and most famous of the Scottish lakes. (These are Galled “lochs”, with the exception of the
32、Lake of Menteith, not far from Glasgow.) The road twists and turns, dips and climbs, but is not dangerous. The greatest hazard is the black-faced sheep: these animals are as active and aggressive as goats, and frequently wander recklessly into the road. The tourist may also see a herd of long-haired
33、 Highlands cattle, which look fierce but are no more fierce than ordinary cattle. Eventually the road runs along the coastline of the sea, where you can see little islands and rocky bays.31According to the passage, a Scotsman traveling with an English friend may tell him thatAthe journey from Englan
34、d to Scotland is long.Bthe Highlands are the most beautiful place in the world.Cthe Highlands have a lot of hills and mountains.Dthe Highlands are the most dangerous place in the world.32The Highlands, as the name suggests, are a Afind a lot of hills or mountains.Bfind a lot of lakes.Cmeet a lot of
35、Scotsmen.Dhave a “high tea.”33 According to the passage, a tourist in Scotland may choose to spend the first nightAin GlasgowBin Gallander.Cat Loch Lomond.Dat the Lake of Menteith34In the last paragraph the phrase “twists and turns” suggests that the road isAnot straight.Bnot dangerous.Cnarrow.Dcrow
36、ded.35Which of the following statements is true of the animals?ALong-haired Highlands cattle dont look fierce.BOrdinary cattle look dangerous.CBlack-faced sheep are less active than goats.DBlack-faced sheep are as aggressive as goats.第二篇Family and Health Care“Chronic diseases, such as heart disease
37、and cancer, have replaced acute infectious illness as the leading causes of death in the United States,” says Thomas L. Campbell, a physician specializing in family related medicine. Since most of these diseases cannot be cured, Campbell believes more emphasis must be placed on health promotion and
38、disease prevention.The way to do this is through the family, Campbell says in a report published by the National Council on Family Relations. “The family has a powerful influence on health beliefs and behaviors because it is the primary social agent in the promotion of health and well-being. Prevent
39、ive health-care programs and policies must focus on the family and use it as an important resource in health promotion.”Campbell points to a number of observable connections between health and family.The family is the primary setting in which attitudes and behaviors regarding diet, exercise, smoking
40、, alcohol consumption, and drug use are learned and maintained.Unhealthy behaviors and genetic risk factors for diseases are frequently found within families, as family members tend to share not only genes, but diets, physical activities, and alcohol and tobacco use.Chronic marital (婚姻上) distress an
41、d conflict can lead to acute and chronic health changes, such as rising blood pressure and heart rate and lowering immunity(免疫力) of cells. These physiological(生理上的) changes result in a wide range of diseases, especially heart disease and cancer.Campbell believes that a number of measures be made wit
42、hin the health-care system to accommodate the influence of the family. For example, health education and preventive care should be targeted toward families as well as individuals and communities. Also, when a risk factor for a disease or condition is identified in one family member, all other family
43、 members should be tested.Campbell also recommends that mental-health care be included in wellness programs and suggests that family professionals(therapists, sociologists, and family-life educators) become more actively involved in health promotion.36Campbell believes people should pay more attenti
44、on to health promotion and disease prevention because most of these diseasesAcan hardly be cured.Bcan be cured gradually.Ccan cause many deaths.Dcan be cured only by specialists.37According to Campbell, the most effective way to promote health and prevent diseases isAto make new health-care programs
45、.Bto stress the role and the influence of the family.Cto adopt a new medical policy.Dto ask each family to donate money to the community.38Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?AFamily is the place where we learn attitudes regarding eating.BFamily is the place where we learn behavio
46、rs regarding eating.CWhen conflict occurs in a family its members may suffer from distress bad to health.DDivorce is the best policy to promote health.39According to Campbell, health education should be centred onAfamilies.Bindividuals. Ccommunities.Dall of the above.40Which of the following is the possible job of a family professional?ATo give advice to family members who have mental problems.BTo help the smart family members to become professors.CTo help the children in the family review their lessons.DTo give the family members medical treatment like docto