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1、Unit One Language and Communication （参考）讲义 高莉莉2008-12-22 考试题型：1. 听力20题20% 听力书12课part1 & part 2内容,占15%，课外5%。均为选择题。2. 词汇25题25% 精读课本所学5个单元课文中的黑体词是重点，均为选择题。3. 阅读20题 20% 课外内容，文理各一篇，每篇1000字，均为选择题。4. 翻译15% 英译中 在精读5课中抽4个句子译成中文 中译英3句或一小段，选自翻译课本第三章5. 写作20% 给两篇文章，长度1000字左右，选读一篇并写出约150字的summary。Unit1 Vocabulary
2、 Exercise AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.ambiguity recuperation preconception prone connotation preferential ethnocentrically scrutiny deterrent stumbling block1We have a certain stereotypical _ of a person from a culture and we interpret his
3、/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it. 1. According to Dr. Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a _ against India. India wanted them as a _ against China. 2. The European _ Committee assesses the legal and/or political i
4、mportance of each EU document, decides which EU documents are debated, monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal, procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review. 3. A major _ in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untru
5、e and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism. 4. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai” doesnt have a negative _ in Chinese. 5. China has no plan to change its _ treatment policies for foreign investm
6、ent in the near future in order to reassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its _ policies and give foreign investors the same national treatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO. 6. Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-_
7、 people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal. 7. Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias, tolerate_, and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives. 8. Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of
8、rest and _. 10. The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrongoften they are very goodbut we should learn not to judge other cultures ways of acting and thinking _ only because they differ from our own. Vocabulary Exercise BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1. _implies an active choice
9、 to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A. Tenancy B. Tenacity C. Tendency D. Tenure2. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_ smile. An amazing journey!A. inscrutable B. sweet C. incredulous D. incu
10、rious 3. The elimination of _ was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange. A. generalizations B. judgments C. doubts D. stereotypes4. The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to _ the news media “fil
11、ter” that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq. A. circumnavigate B.circulate C. circumvent D. curriculum 5. This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with to
12、ddler that will develop coordination, balance and _ relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation. A. scrutiny B. spacious C. stereotype D. spatial6. It is a _ to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, the religion, superstitions and customs of the women to be t
13、aught in India. It ought to be the very same case for England.A. truism B. genuine C. tenacity D. similarity7. The _ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper. I
14、n the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configuration B. conjunction C. connotation D. connection8. The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a _ for continuing military rule, according to Selig Harris
15、on, a leading US authority on South Asia, Afghanistan and the region. A. inflection B. faade C. ambiguity D. fabrication9. As television, and to an extent the internet has _further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize. A. perpetuated B. pervasive C. perm
16、anent D. permeated10 Theres this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _ our friendship before I start a serious relationship. A. cement B. lime C. clay D. concreteAnswer Key to Vocabulary ExercisesVocabulary Exercise A1. preconception 2. deterrent; deterrent 3. scrutiny 4. s
17、tumbling block5. connotation6. preferential; preferential7. prone 8. ambiguity 9. recuperation10. ethnocentricallyVocabulary Exercise B1. B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10.AUnit 3 Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.sabota
18、ge pester standoffish casserole delectablebackfire duress siblings therapy smoothie1. China is the first market for KFC to launch its new product. Targeting trendy young people, KFC D&D features new flavors like the _ series, crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk t
19、ea. Its a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu. 2. My sister Ellie, who recently lost 20 pounds, has been pressuring me to lose weight too. And when I asked for a second helping of the low-fat _she served for dinner the other night, she totally went off on me. 3. Mo
20、st little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually _ their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Rover” or “Bonze”.4. Nigerian President Obasanjo said Sunday th
21、at he is not excluding _ as the cause of last Sundays bomb explosions at the Military Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of more than 1,100 people. 5. An obviously biased judge made derisive decisions throughout the trial. The strain of the trial also placed Barries marriage under_, which u
22、ltimately led to his wife divorcing him, and led to Barries children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.6. The G.O.P. hopes to gain votes by attacking her as a radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen. But the ploy could _by alienating working women.7. Both Lu
23、o and Guang admit their drugs, while effective in combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes, may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis. Rather, they believe, combined _ is the likely ultimate answer. Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western medicine, such as the AZT, have shown
24、 double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.8. This _ TV programme is suitable for those half-educated people.9. “John has no_. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from the familyproperties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. Hes really living on easy street.”10. Ant
25、hropologist Dr. Edward T. Hall points out that, for two unacquainted adult male North Americans, the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arms length to about four feet apart. For as the South American moves in, the North American feels hes being pushy; and as the North Ame
26、rican backs off the South American thinks hes being _.Vocabulary Check BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1. There was so much pain there, _ caused by both sides over the years. I didnt want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.A. inappreciably B. inadv
27、ertently C. inarticulately D. invisibly2. Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries. Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger - thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model. And now, Asian countries are making efforts t
28、o promote regional_, and in turn realize common prosperity.A. integration B. diversity C. competition D. integral 3. When people cant explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of_.A. comparison B. analysis C. count
29、erpart D. analogy4. If you mess up, its not your parents fault, so dont _about your mistakes, learn from them.A. wonder B. worried C. whine D. pester 5. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually _ it in a profitable direction. A. adapt B. control C. install D. steer6. The intro
30、duction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _, particularly in western Europe. A. obscure B. obsolete C. optional D. overlapping7. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the
31、 other hand, many Americans recognize the value of _ art. A. cookie B. culinary C. cuisine D. cook8. The chairman of the board _ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ. A. compelled B. posed C. pressed D. tempted9. I am not _ with my roommate but
32、I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live. A. concerned B. compatible C. considerate D. complied10.A good education should train students to think for themselves. However, most of them are trained in the technique of examination under _. A. duly B. duty C. duress D. obli
33、gationVocabulary Check A11. smoothie 12. casserole 13. pester 14. sabotage 15. duress 16. backfire17. therapy 18. delectable 19. siblings 20. standoffishVocabulary Check B1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C. 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10.C Unit 4 Vocabulary Check A Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list
34、to complete the following sentences. Remember to change the form if necessary. thwart optimize infrastructure vestige warrant entail offset symptomatic aggregate retard 1. More studies on rigorous data are _. 2. The progress of studies comes from hard work and is_ by frivolities.3. Unforfunately, wh
35、at the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was _by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.4. The renewing of the _ needs greater fiscal investments from the government.5. The _of plan economy is being erased step by step. 6. The newcomer has gradually learned what is_ in the posit
36、ion as a qualified salesperson.7. The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are _of the tensions between America andIran.8. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitely _ the bilateral trade in other areas.9. The Labour Party under Tony Blair won
37、 a(n) _ number of 356 seats in the presidential election.10. Policy makers and economists shoulder the responsibility of_ the use of resources.Vocabulary Check B Choose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following paragraph. Remember to change the form if necessary. evaluate eliminat
38、e return harness warrant expenditure foster maximize presume limitThe true rate of (1)_ to education in China may be as high as 30% or 40%. Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very (2)_ as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital. More studies on rigorous da
39、ta are (3)_. A more factually informed knowledge base will improve government decision making. If governments (4)_ projects, whether they are human capital projects, or investment projects for dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make better investment decisions. Project evaluations play an i
40、mportant role in keeping good investments and promoting good projects and (5)_ the bad. The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high. Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments, provincial government and central government. Research that creates and
41、 collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making. Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital. It is not necessary to use funds from the center or (6)_ that
42、education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied. Free up the labor market and the market for education would (7)_ the forces that promote acquisition of skills by (8)_ the training of individual workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be bett
43、er farmers, better factory workers and better managers. Otherwise, educational (9)_ should be increased and equalized across regions to (10)_ the return on human capital investment.Vocabulary Check A1. warranted 2. retarded 3.offset 4.infrastructure 5.vestige6.entailed 7.symptomatic 8.thwart 9.aggre
44、gate 10.optimizingVocabulary Check B 1.return 2. limited 3. warranted 4. evaluate 5.eliminating6.presume 7.harness 8.fostering 9.expenditures 10. MaximizeUnit 5 Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.abortion earmark cassava cyclone
45、incinerationcollateral anecdotal impropriety fetus afforestation1 Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds for Social Security.2 Since Pain was paying no attention to him, he decided that he might without ignore Pain.3 The choice of household and industrial waste disposal is between tipping and _.4 Oper