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1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟20专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟20专业八级分类模拟20LANGUAGE USAGEOne of the most important non-legislative functions of the USCongress is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegatedto committees-either standing committees, special committees set for a 1specific purpose, or joint committ
2、ees consisted of members of both 2houses. Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, toinquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay
3、the ground-work 3for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees rely outside 4experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings and to make out 5detailed studies of issues. There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One is the power to publicize investigations and its resu
4、lts. Most committee 6hearings are open to public and are reported widely in the mass media. 7Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool 8available to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse publicinterests in national issues. Congressional committees also have the
5、 9power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite forcontempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. 101.答案:setforup解析 set up为固定搭配，表示“建立，组织”，因此应在set后加上up。2.答案:consistedconsisting解析 consist of包括，由组成。此处表示主动，要用主动语态，因此需用现在分词形式consisting
6、。3.答案:inon解析 该题考查的是介词的使用。occasion前要使用介词on，表示“在情况下”。4.答案:relyoutsideon解析 rely on是固定搭配，rely不能单独使用。5.答案:outout解析 make out辨认；书写。但此处并没有该意思，所以删掉out。make studies of研究。6.答案:itstheir解析 这里的先行词是复数名词investigations，its指代的是该复数名词，也应该用复数形式，因此要改为复数物主代词。7.答案:topublicthe解析 public前加the表示“公众，大众”。8.答案:neverthelessthus/th
7、erefore解析 根据上下文，本句叙述的是调查是立法者向公众传达消息的工具，前面则是说国会有向社会公开调查信息的权利。由此可以判断这里要表示的是因果关系，并非转折关系，因此要使用thus或therefore。9.答案:interestsinterest解析 此处要表达的是“激发公众兴趣”。interest作兴趣讲时，为不可数名词，所以要把intersts改为interest。10.答案:thesethose解析 此处需要一个代词，指代一群人，而且作定语从句先行词的代词为those。There are great impediments to the general use of a stan
8、dard inpronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography).One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously,and orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers 11of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what 12our sp
9、eech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock 13when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize 14at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost 15always know. We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long beforewe start lear
10、ning to read or write, and in our early years we went on 16unconsciously imitating and practicing the pronunciation of thosearound us for many more hours per every day than we ever have to 17spend learning even our difficult English spelling. This is natural, 18therefore, that our speech-sounds shou
11、ld be those of our immediatecircle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding acommunity and to give a sense of belonging. We learn quite early to 19recognize a stranger, someone who speaks with an accent of a differentcommunityperhaps only a few miles far. 2011.答案:andwhile/w
12、hereas/but/yet解析 前半句讲发音的学习是自然的、无意识的；后半句讲书写的学习是有意的、有意识的。所以这里要表示的是对比关系，而不是并列关系。12.答案:withof解析 be conscious of为固定搭配，意为“意识到”。13.答案:outout解析 该句意为我们中有很多人一生都不知道自己说话的声音。所以speak在这里表示“说话”要用speak，speak out意为“畅所欲言；大胆地说；大声地说”，与此处意思不符。14.答案:firstlyfirst解析 firstly第一，首先。first第一次，首次。first和firstly作副词时差别不大，可以互相替换。但用于修
13、饰行为动词时只能用first。此处要修饰动词hear，改为first。15.答案:whichthat或whichwkich解析 定语从句前面的先行词为something时，要用that引导从句。也可以省略引导词that，将which删掉。16.答案:wentgo解析 真理性的陈述用一般现在时表达。17.答案:perper或everyevery解析 表示每天可以用every day，也可以用per day，但两个词不能连用。所以要删掉其中一个。18.答案:ThisIt解析 该句用it作形式主语，而真正的主语则是后面的that从句。所以this要改为it。19.答案:communitytogeth
14、er解析 该句意为“语音是把社区团结在一起的工具”。hold together使团结，使结合。20.答案:faraway解析 此处表示“几英里以外的”，要用a few miles away。The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 21human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 22with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers,
15、including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one-halfemphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherers calories come from plants. Detailed 23studies of the Kung by the food scientist
16、s at the University of London,showed that gathering is a more productive source of food than ishunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories, 24as an hour of gathering produces 240. 25 Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 26 diet, and no one goes hun
17、gry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infectionsor accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 27They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay,no high blood pressure, no heart disease, and their blood
18、 cholesterollevels are very low (about half of the average American adult). 28If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, 29we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. 3021.答案:aslike解析 此句意为“向史前人类祖先那样生活”。表示“像一样”时，as后接从句。like后接短语。所以要将as改为like。22.答案
19、:supplementingsupplemented解析 supplement和a vegetable diet是逻辑动宾关系，可以还原为“which is supplemented with animal food”，因此要用supplement的过去分词形式。23.答案:andor解析 该处要表达的是“三分之二或更多”，“.or more”为英语中常用表达法。24.答案:inson解析 on average是固定搭配，“平均”的意思。25.答案:aswhile或whereas解析 前半句讲打猎一小时的收获，后半句讲搜集一小时的收获。这里要表示的是对比意义，所以要用while或whereas
20、。26.答案:forfor或provideaccount解析 provide是及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要跟介词for；或者provide改为account，account for为固定搭配，意为“(在数量、比例上)占”。27.答案:ofof解析 Despite用作介词时，相当于in spite of，表示“尽管，虽然”。放在句首直接接名词或短语。28.答案:halfofthose解析 这里是比较部落成员的胆固醇含量与美国人的胆固醇含量，those指代前面的blood cholesterol levels，不能省略。29.答案:IfWhile/Whereas解析 这里两个句子是对比关系。句
21、意为“尽管没有人建议我们重新采用土著人的生活方式，我们当然可以把他们的饮食习惯作为我们健康饮食的典范。”所以使用连词While或Whereas来引导句子，表示转折。30.答案:forhealthiera解析 diet是可数名词，前面要用不定冠词a。The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquidwater. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. Thi
22、s is only a tinyrange compared with the low temperatures of some other planetsand the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature of the sun. 31As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a 32planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. 33The earths supply of water probably rem
23、ains quite fairly 34constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, whichare one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escapingfrom the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just about 35replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the earth 36during volcanic acti
24、on. The total quantity of water is not known,and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth 37of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it97%is in theform of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but threequarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mo
25、untains, 38and cannot be used by living systems when melted. Of the remaining 39fraction, which is somewhat fewer than 1% of the whole, there is 4010-20 times as much stored as underground water as is actuallyon the surface. There is also a minor, but extremely important,fraction of the water supply
26、 which is present as water vapour inthe atmosphere.31.答案:letthealone解析 let alone是固定短语，作“更不用说”讲。32.答案:facesurface解析 on the surface of在的表面上。face没有“表面”的意思。33.答案:planethadwhich/that；或hadhaving/with解析 planet后面的部分是对该词的修饰，作它的后置定语，所以后面要用which或that引导从句，也可以用分词having或介词with引导。34.答案:fairlyfairly或quitequite解析 fa
27、irly和quite是同义词，两个词都用会重复。35.答案:outouter解析 “外层空间”用outer space。36.答案:awayaway解析 rise from“从升起”。rise后面不接away。37.答案:andalthough解析 该句的意思为“水的总量无从知晓，但足够用来”，由此可以得出两个分句是转折关系，不是并列关系。38.答案:quarterquarters解析 quatter是可数名词，被three修饰，要用复数。39.答案:whenunless/until/before解析 此句要表达“只有融化后这些冰才可以被利用”。用when句意为“融化后这些冰就不能被利用”，不
28、符合逻辑，所以应该用unless含有否定意义的连词，或表时间限制的连词until或before。40.答案:fewerless解析 few修饰可数名词，water是不可数名词，要用little及其变形来修饰。Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of huntingbehavior. Viewing biologically, the modem footballer is revealed 41as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weaponhas turne
29、d into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth.If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, 42enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey. 43 To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a 44million year evolv
30、ing as co-operative hunters. Their very survival 45depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure theirwhole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. 46They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.They co-operate as skillful male-group a
31、ttackers. 47 Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long 48 formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Theirimproved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to 49a new usethat of penning, controlling and domesticating their prey.The food was there
32、on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks anduncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. 5041.答案:ViewingViewed解析 view和句子的主语是逻辑动宾关系，viewing作状语，在句中要使用过去分词形式，故Viewing改为Viewed。42.答案:inaccurateaccurate解析 根据题意，目标准确才能获得高分。通过he scores a goal可知应该用“准确的”。43.答案:enjoyshe解析 前面是If引导的条件状语从句，
33、这里是主句，主句的主语是不可以省略的，所以应该在enjoy前加上主语he。44.答案:upup解析 look up仰望；查阅。look at看；考虑。没有look up at这个短语。该句句意为“想了解这种转变如何发生的，我们就必须稍微了解一下我们的祖先是怎么做的”，所以应该用look at这一短语。45.答案:yearyears解析 a million作修饰语，后面的名词要用复数，且year为可数名词，所以要改为years。46.答案:ifif解析 even if后面必须跟从句，表示“即使”之意。even修饰名词，表示让步。该处表示“甚至他们的身体”，表示语气的加强，所以应该用even，删掉if。47.答案:co-operateco-operated解析 根据上文可知这里要使用一般过去时。48.答案:whenafter解析 when引导状语从句，而后面this immensely long formative period of hunting for food为短语，不符合语法。这里表示在“在长期狩猎为生之后”，因此改为after。49.答案:werewas解析 该谓语动词的主语intelligence是单数，因此将谓语动词were改为was。50.答案:farminghunting解析 根据文意可推断出是“狩猎”而不是“农耕”对人们的生存已不再那么重要了。 15 / 15