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1、巧用英语时态表，掌握英语谓语形式一、英语时态名称的记忆时态过去现在将来过去将来一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时一般过去将来时进行过去进行时现在进行时将来进行时（略）完成过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时（略）二、英语时态形式的记忆：（以动词 work为例）时态过去现在将来过去将来workedwork worksshall/will workshould/wouldwork进行was/wereworkingam/is/areworkingshall/willbe working（略）完成had workedhave/has workedshall/willhave worked（略）可以分两个步骤记忆
2、：1、一般现在时：work （当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要用第三人称 单数形式。）现在进行时：be + working （be随主语人称和数的变化而变化。）现在完成时：have + worked（have随主语人称和数的变化而变化，worked是work的过去分词。）这三种基本时态形式位于时态表的中心位置，是必须首先记住的。其它形式可 推导而出2、记住了上面三种时态的形式后，可以设想把时间提前至过去，这三种时态的形式就相应地左移一格成为一般过去时：worked （worked是work的过去式）；过去进行时 was / were + working ; 过去完成时 had + work
3、ed （worked 是 work 的过去分词）。把时间错后至将来，这三种时态的形式也就相应地右移一格成为一般将来时：shall / will + work ；将来进行时：shall / will + be working ；将来完成时：shall / will + have worked 。（ shall仅用于主语是第一人称 时，will可用于主语是任何人称时。）当然，根据 shall / will的用法要求，紧随其后的动词或助动词要用原形形式。简而言之，把这三种现在时态形式左移变成三种过去时态形式，只需把第一个 动词变成过去式即可（一般现在时谓语只有一个动词，也可把它看成为第一个动 词）。
4、与此类似，过去将来时的变化是在一般将来时的基础上把第一个动词变成过 去式。把这三种现在时态形式右移变成三种将来时态形式，只需在前面加一助动词 shall / will（紧随其后的动词或助动词用原形形式）即可。三、英语被动语态形式的记忆（以动词ask为例）时态过去现在将来过去将来was/were asked (xm/is/are askedshall/will beaskedshould/wouldbe asked进行was/werebeing askedam/is/arebeing asked完成had been askedhave/hasbeen asked英语动词的被动语态是由助动词 be
5、加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词 be同 系动词be一样有人称、数和时态的变化。英语动词在既有被动语态变化又有时态 变化时，一定要先变被动语态再变时态，它的时态变化就是将助动词be再作各种时态形式的变化。主张先理解记忆现在的三种被动语态的时态形式，再以同样方法 推导出被动语态其它的时态形式。四、结合英语时态表掌握句子的否定式、一般疑问式的变化规律句子的否定式、一般疑问式也是每册初中教材学习时态时的必讲内容。而实际上这个问题非常简单，完全可以结合英语时态表中谓语的特征来完成。变化方面谓语物征否定句变化一般疑问句变化谓语只有一个动词（be除外）根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要 求，在谓语动词前加do
6、nt, doesnt, didnt后面的动词使用原形。根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要求， 在句首加Do, Does, Did,其后面的动 词使用原形。更改每首大小写和句尾 标点符号。谓语有两个或两个以上动词在谓语的第一个动词后面加not.把谓语的第一个动词提前至句首更 改首大、小写和句尾标点符号。注：1、There be .句型和以be为系动词的主系表句型，适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。2、谓语是情态动词（have to的疑问式例外）+动词原形，也适用于第二种谓 语特征的变化方式。3、为便于记忆，不妨称此法为谓语特征分析法。五、谓语特征分析法在特殊疑问句、反意疑问句中的运用由于特殊疑问句的句
7、子结构是特殊疑问词或词组般疑问句语序，故除对主语提问的特殊疑问句外，都可按一般疑问句变化规律用谓语特征分析法快速确定谓语形式。反意疑问句是由陈述句 + 反问部分构成。反意疑问句的反问部分虽说情况比较复杂，但仅就基础内容而言，情况还是较为简单，要求也较低。故基础内容中反意疑问句的反问部分基本上仍可用谓语特征分析法快速确定反问部分中该用的动词，那就是：前面的陈述句如果变成一般疑问句是用什么动词开头，后面的反问部分就用什么动词反问。六、一般疑问句和反意疑问句的简略回答用谓语特征分析法掌握了一般疑问句和反意疑问句中谓语的构成方法后，它们的简略回答就更容易了。那就是用什么词开头的一般疑问句就用什么词来回
8、答（或同属 be 系列的单词： am, is, are, was, were ）。反意疑问句的反问部分用什么词开头，也就用什么词来回答（或同属 be 系列的单词）。例如：1. -Are you a worker?-Yes, I am. / No, Im not.2. -Does he like Chinese tea?-Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.3. -Have you finished the novel?-Yes, I have. / No, I havent.4. -He is a bus driver, isnt he?-Yes, he is. / N
9、o, he isnt.5. -Tom came to school late this morning, didnt he?-Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.6. -Lily hasnt lost her watch, has she?-Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.用情态动词( can, may, must )开头的一般疑问句，在作否定回答时选择合适的情态动词较为困难。我们可以用右栏图示轻松地记忆掌握。先按下列单词及它们的否定式的第一、第二个字母在字母表中的顺序排列，再加上谁回答谁的替换符号便容易记忆了。 (注意 must 代替 may,
10、 need 代替 must, 这种后代前的关系以及can除了可回答自己外，还可回过去来回答may的特点。)1. -Can you drive a truck?-No, I cant.2. -May I go now?-No, you cant. / No, you mustnt.3. -Must you go so soon?-No, I neednt.4. -Need we buy any new desks?-No, we neednt. ( Yes, we must. )注意：肯定回答必须用 must 。七、谓语特征分析法在其它句型中的运用研究下面几组对话，不难发现：答语中谓语动词的选用
11、也是和如将其上句变成一般疑问句后句首第一个单词相一致的(或同属 be, do, have 系的单词)。1. -Its warmer today.-So it is.2. -John bought a new bike.-So he did.3. -I like walking in the open air.-So do I.4. -He works hard.-So he does, and so do you.5. -Lucy has been to England twice.-So she has.6. -Lucy can ride a bike at the age of four.
12、-So she can.十六种时态的谓语形势一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing过didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing将shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhave doneshall/willhave been doing过将should/would doshould/wouldbe doingshould/wouldhave doneshould/would havebeen doing八种时态介
13、绍：一 一般现在时态：表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作。时间状语： every ， sometimes, always, never, often, usually 等。1 由 be 的 isam are 表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。形容词或介词。述句I am an officeworker.He is solazy.Theyare athome now.句：I amnot Tim. She isnotverybeauiful.They arenotin the office.Are youan officeassistant?Is shebeautiful?What is your job
14、?What colouris yourbag?Where are younow?2 由实意动词 V 构成，引导疑问句和否定句， 用 do 或 don t 。 第三人称时用does或 doesnt, 有 does 出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V 后加 s 或 es.workin Shanghai.Heworks at home.Davynever watchesTVhome.dontlikethefood in KFC. Davydoesn tliketheoodinKFCeither.句:Doyouwantcupof coffee? Does shelive nearthesubwaysta
15、tion?Whatdo youwant?Where does she live? Howdo they gotoork?3 由情态动词can, must, may构成。may没有否定形式。can drivea car. He musttell the truth.We maygetthereonfoot.否定cantswim at all.You mustn t止） smokeintheoffice.Can youwaita minute? MustI stay athome? Mayuseyour phone?特殊疑问句： How can I get there?What must Ido
16、now?般过去时态。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。状语yesterday,last week,an houragotheday beforeyesterday,in 1997。1由be 的过去式是was或 were表示。Isam-was;are-were.I was a bigboss.He wasbeautiful.We were in Beijinglastyear.I wasnotat homeat thatmoment. We were notat workyesterday.句 : Were youteacher?Was shein the office last week?
17、Where were youlast night? Whenwere you in that company?2 由 V 的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否定句用借助于 did, 有 did 出现动词用原there. He lived in Hon形。I worked in Sunmoon.We studied EnglishgKong.句 : I didnwork here. They didnsee me. She liked English a lot.一般疑问句特Did you go to America? Did he work inSunmoon?Where didyou work?
18、What didhe say to you? How did you know my name?I could not speak3 由情态动词的过去式构成， can could.She could walk when she was one year old.English one year ago.三 一般将来时态将发生动作或状态。时间状语有tomorrow,next year,the month after next,intwo hours.1 任何人称 +will+ 动词原形 .I will fly to KongKong tomorrow.l arrive in Shanghai n
19、ext week.He willgo with us. We wilI will never believe you again. He willnot come tonight.Wewill not buy a car next year.Will you go there by train?was/were going to+V原形He said he would comein in Shanghai.I sai I would buy youa car one day.They told me that theywere not goingto go abroad.五 现在进行时态： 表
20、示现在 （ 指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。常用的时间now, at the （ this ） moment构成： is/am/are+VingI m waiting for my boy friend.He is doing the housework atWill he come tomorrow? Will theylive a five-star hotel?What will you do after class? Where will he live? How will they come here?2 is/am/are+going to+V 原形 ，表示计划打算做什么事情。I
21、m going to go to Kongkong by air.We are not going to buy a house here.Are they going to change their jobs?How are you going to tell him?四 过去将来时态； 在过去将会发生的动作。构成：任何人称 +would+V 原形home now.He is not playing toys.We are enjoyingourselves.Are you having dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?What a
22、re you doing now? Where are they having a meal?六 过去进行时态： 过去一段时间正在发生的动作。构成： was/were+VingI was doing my homework at that time. He was not sleeping a t 11 o clock last night.What were you doing at that moment?We were having a party while my neighbour is sleeping.七 现在完成时态： 用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联
23、系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 简单的说， 就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。 常用的时间 fortwo /weeks/years ； for several days ； since 2004/ Apr. 23/last week /the accident构成：have/has +done （过去分词）I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years.Ihavent finished myhomework.
24、Timhasn tcome yet.We haventheardany newsabouthimHow long have you worked in this company?特别注意：1 . have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.They have always been in America.2 have/has been to: 表示去过或到过。 。 。I have been to Canada. Have you been
25、to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here.3 have/hasgone to: 去了。 。He has gone to Beijing.They have gone to the cinema.八 过去完成时态：发生在过去的过去。构成： had + doneHe said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished th e work.She had had dinner before she went out.He left the office after he had called Davy.