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1、辅 导 讲 义教师陈观玲科目英语上课日期2014.5.17总共学时学生刘泽安年级六年级上课时间8:00-10:00第几学时类别基础提高培优科组长签字教务主管签字校区主任签字一、教学目标：介词1、掌握介词的定义2、掌握介词的用法二、上课内容： 1、介词的定义2、介词的用法3、介词的例题练习4、介词的提高练习三、课后作业：四、家长签名（本人确认：孩子已经完成“课后作业”）_介词一、 介词的概念介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的词与句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用，可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语在句中可以作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over the
2、re is Johns brother. (定语)那边的那个男孩儿是约翰的哥哥（弟弟）。The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)那个女孩儿将在两小时以后回来。Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)随便吃些鱼吧。二、介词的用法讲解1. 表示时间的介词表示时间的介词主要有at, in, on；具体区别如下： （1）表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock 在六点钟 at noon 在中午 at midni
3、ght 在午夜 （2）表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninth century 在第九世纪 in 2002 在2002年 in May在五月in winter 在冬天 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon在下午 （3）表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时，用on。例如： on Monday 在周一 on July 1st 在七月一日on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上表示时间的介词还有before（在前）, after（在后）等。例如：before ten oclock 在十点前 a
4、fter breakfast 在早饭后2. 表示地点或者方位的介词或词组（1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面上”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark. 他们在天黑前到达了一个小村庄。There is a big hole in the wall. 墙上有一个大洞。The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 老师在墙上挂了一张画。（2）betwee
5、n，amongbetween指在两者之间，among指在三者或三者以上的人或者物之间。例如：The library is between the post office and the market. 图书馆在邮局和市场之间。The teacher is among the students. 老师在学生们中间。（3）in front of，in the front ofbefore in front of表示在(物体外部的)前面，in the front of表示在(物体内部的)前面，before既可以作介词也可以作连词，既可以表示在某时间和位置的前面，也可以表示在顺 序或次序的前面。例如：
6、In front of our classroom, there is a big tree. 我们教室前面有一棵树。There is a big TV set in the front of our classroom. 在教室的前面有一台电视。Please come before ten oclock. 请在10点钟以前来。He puts his work before everything. 他把工作放在第一位。（4）in the middle of, in the center of1）center中心、中央，该词大体上接近于几何概念，即一个圆或一个球内的一点，这一点与周围的任何一点的
7、距离相等，也可喻为政治商业中心。2）middle表示的中间，是相对而言，笼统的中部包括了中心再加上中心周围部分，middle可用于空间、时间或某项活动中间。因此，in the center of the park一般翻译成“公园中心”，而in the middle of the park是“公园中部”，范围比center大。（5） across，through，past，over表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past；指在某物上方“通过、越过”，与表面不接触，用over，常用来指“越过（篱笆、
8、墙）等。例如：They swam across the river. 他们游过了河。The boys go through the forest quickly. 这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。The birds fly over the city. 鸟儿飞过城市。（6）beside, by, near, next to1）by和beside均表示“在旁边”，常可换用。例如： She stood by the window. 她站在窗边。 The hotel is beside (/by) the riv
9、er. 那家饭店在河边。 Come and sit beside (/by) me. 过来，坐在我边上。 2）next to 指“紧靠着的旁边”，意思和by与beside接近，有时互换。例如：The new house next to the library is my house. 那座紧挨着图书馆的新房子是我家。Come and sit next to (beside /by) me. 过来坐在我旁边。3）near指“在.附近，接近，近”，表示的距离比by和beside远一些。例如：There is a post office near his home. 他家附近有一个邮局。His ho
10、me is very near. 他的房子就在附近。常见的表示地点的介词或者词组还有：behind，inside, outside, along, across from等，需要同学们在以后的学习中不断的总结。3. 其他介词（1）about about意为“关于，对于”，例如：The American girl wants to learn about Chinese history.那个美国女孩儿想要了解中国历史。（2）fromfrom 意为“从，自从”；常构成词组“from to”。例如：I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我从周一到周五去学校。Ho
11、w far is it from Beijing to Shanghai? 从北京到上海有多远？（3） withwith 意为“与一起，附有，使用”等意思。例如：He has a house with a small garden. 有一个带着小花园的房子。Can you play with me? 你能和我一起玩儿吗？（4） of of 意为“的，属于的”常用来表示所属关系或者构成一些词组。例如：Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。What kind of movie do you like? 你喜欢哪一种电影？（5）toto意为“向，到，对”
12、。例如：Let me tell you the way to my house. 让我告诉你去我家的路。Scotland is to the north of England. 苏格兰在英格兰之北。（6）forfor 意为“对于，为了，以为代价，（时间持续）之久”等。例如： For breakfast, he likes eggs, bananas and apples. 早餐他吃鸡蛋、香蕉和苹果。For boys, we have socks for only five dollars each.对于男孩子，我们有仅仅五元一双的袜子。（7）as , likelike与as作介词，都有“像”的
13、意思。但有一定区别。1）like意为“像一样”。用于相似关系，即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处，但并不等于。2）as意为“作为；以身份”。用于说明同一关系，即两者实为一体。例如：She talks to me like my mother.她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。（她不是我妈妈）She talks to me as a mother.她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。（她是我妈妈）例题讲解一、看图填空。Whats in the room? 1There is a clock _ the wall near the window.2There is a window _ the clock and the
14、 shelves.3There are three pictures _ the wall near the door.4There is a table_ the room.5There is a long sofa _ the table.6There are some books _ the shelves.7There is a small sofa _ near the door.8There are two sofas _the door.二、用适当的介词填空。1. The hotel is next _ the supermarket.2. Is there a park _ t
15、he neighborhood?3. There is a restaurant _ the library and the school.4. The school is across _ the bank.5. Where is the bank? Its _Bridge Street.6. The broom (扫帚) is _ the door. We cant see it.7. They will arrive _London next Monday.8. Walk _ Seventh Avenue. The hotel is _ your left.9. I put some f
16、lowers next _my window.10. Excuse me. Is there a fruit market_ here? 三、选词填空。1. He moves and talks _(as/like) his father.2. There is a pay phone _ (next/ next to) the bank.3. There is a tree _ ( in the front of / in front of) the house.4. He is standing _ ( among / between) his students.5. Dont walk
17、_ ( cross / across) the road. 四、 选择填空。1. _ the afternoon of March 8, the woman in the city had a big party.A. To B. In C. At D. On2. Does your father go to work, _ foot or _ bike?A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by3. Lucy was _ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom.A. in B. o
18、n C. at D. of4. How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? Im going there _ my car.A. by B. in C. to D. on5. We walk _ the park and enjoy our meal under a tree.A. across B. on C. between D. through6. You have to turn left _ the first crossing.A. on B. in C. at D. to7. The plane arrive
19、d at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for8. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/inB. in/onC. from/toD. to/in9. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. of10. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo? A. toB. atC. forD. towards11. This patient will be oper
20、ated _ Sunday.A. in B. at C. on D. by12. He had very little to eat and only a cold place to live _.A. in B. on C. by D. for13. I called _ his house but found him out.A. at B. on C. for D. out14. _ no means can you hope to learn maths well without a lot of practice.A. By B. In C. On D. For15. I dont
21、quite agree _ you _ that point.A. to; about B. with; for C. to; with D. with; on16. You can go there _ my car.A. byB. in C. on D. at17. Take this medicine and drink plenty of water，youll be fine _ 2 days.A. in B. after C. later D. since18. We were all disappointed _ the news that their team had been
22、 beaten.A. in B. on C. for D. at19. Ive got tired _ walking and want to have a rest.A. of B. with C. for D. at20. The nurses in that hospital are very good _ the patients there.A. at B. for C. to D. with课堂练习一. 用介词填空。1._the theatre2. _ Beijing3. _ the cinema 4._ the farm5._ school6. _ home7._ the par
23、k 8. _ the library 9. _ the stadium10._ 1994 11._ November 12._ 15:00 13._ Sunday morning 14._ 6:30 15. _ Monday 16._ January 17. _ May, 1 18._ my birthday 19. _ weekend 20._May, 1, 200621._ the playground22._my birthday party 二. 选择最佳答案。1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at
24、C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on4.We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till5. We will have a football match _ this Saturday
25、afternoon.A. on B. / C. inD. for6. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for7. The supermarket is still open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /8. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 9. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their
26、 birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in10._ New Years Eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight.A. At B. On C. For D. In11. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /12. He said that he would meet us _ the cine
27、ma.A. in B. at C. on D. of 13. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. inD. besides14. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at15. Do you often listen _the program _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to16. Can you tell me the wa
28、y _ Shanghai Zoo?A. to B. at C. for D. towards17. Thank you _ your coming.A. to B. of C. by D. for18. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoon.A. with B. on C. by D. at19. Let me introduce her _ you. A. with B. on C. to D. for 20. Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students.A. with B.
29、 to C. by D. among21. Can you find out the answer_ these questions?A. of B. for C. to D. with22. Dont forget to bring your text book _ you.A. in B after C. with D. to23. Can you sing this song _ English?A. with B. in C. by D. for24. Who is the boy _ blue trousers?A. in B. on C. with D. at25. Dont re
30、ad _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. under/of B. in/towards C. in/ for D. under/for26. How many students go to school _ foot?A. by B. in C. on D. with27. I will make a trip _ Europe this summer. A. for B to C with D. of 28. My mother send a postcard_ me every year.A. to B. for C. by D. with29. Lets
31、make a cake_ Daming; he likes cakes.A. to B. for C. by D. with30. There are lots of animals _ the grassland. A. at B.on C. in D. by课堂小结1. 可以作介词宾语的词通常有：1）名词、代词或从句。2）动名词。3）动词不定式（仅限于介词but，except）。2. 介词的种类1）根据结构分类简单介词：即由一个词构成的单一介词。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。复合介词：即由两个词组合在一起的介词，也称合成介词。如：without, inside, outsid
32、e, into, within短语介词：即由短语构成的介词。如：because of，according to，thanks to等。2）根据意义分类表示地点的介词：at，behind，beside，around，near，on，by，in front of，across等。表示时间的介词：about，at，after，before，by，during，in，over，past，since，until等。表示原因的介词：for，with，from等。表示手段和方式的介词：by，in，with等。表示“除去”的介词：but，except，besides等。表示其他含义的介词：about (关于，
33、大约), on (关于), without (没有), off (从离开),instead of (代替), with (和)等。3. 介词短语的功能介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分：1）作表语：2）作宾语补足语：3）作状语：4）作定语：4. 中考经常考查的几组介词的用法1) 时间介词: at/ in/ on：表示具体的时间点（几点钟）前面用介词at。注意：at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时 at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末 表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、
34、晚上的前面用介词on。表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in，如: 在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。注意:表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in，但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on。in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning 在星期一的上午2）时间介词: for，sincefor 和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段,表示“（延续）之久”。since +时间点,表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。3）时间介词: in，afterin+时间段,表示从现在算起一段时间以后，一般用于将来时；after+时间段,表示从过去算起一段时
35、间后，一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间,用于将来时。4) 方位介词: at，in，on，to表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词用in。表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。表示两者相互接触，强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。5) 地点介词：in/on / under/ above / over/ below表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方，用介词under（一般为正下方）。 below意思是“在之下”，所指范围较宽，不一定在某物的正下方。表示一个物体在
36、另一个物体的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含义，用介词above, 其反义词为below。表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over，有时有“覆盖；越过”之意。6) 方位介词：between，amongbetween是表示在两者之间；among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。7) 表示工具、手段、材料的用in，by，within可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”; 也可以表示用某种工具或者材料的意思。by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，中间不用冠词。with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如：8) 方位介词：across，through，past表示从某一
37、个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past。9）except，besidesexcept表示“除之外”, 其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除之外”，其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。课后练习. 把下列词组翻译成英语。1. 在沙发上_2. 在桌子底下_3. 在你的背包里_4. 在抽屉里_5. 在教室前面_. 单项选择。1. Your computer is _ to the door.A. behind B. on C. in D. next2. The map is _ the wall
38、_ our classroom.A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of3. Look! The window is _ the wall and the picture is _ the wall.A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in4. Where is my ball? I cant see it. Look! Its _ the door.A. on B. in C. at D. behind5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _ her face.A.
39、 on B. to C. in D. at6. My father is ill (生病), He is _.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed7. There is a map of China _ the wall (墙) in the classroom.A. in B. on C. under D. at8. There are three windows _ the wall.Ain B. on C. at D. to9. There are many oranges _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is eating an orange.A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in10. What time do you usually go to bed?I usually go to bed _ 11:00.A. in B. on C.