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1、考研研究生入学考试考前辅导之英语阅读理解选对答案的妙招考研英语中阅读部分是重头戏，临近考试我们学员最关心的是如何选对答案，文都老师温馨提示您选对答案的两个必备条件是：一、要有正确的解题步骤;二，要有高效的解题技巧。下面我们就针对两个必备条件进行具体分析：正确的解题步骤时间分配：每篇16分钟最佳，最多20分钟。 第一步：快速划出段落序号。0.1分钟 第二步：阅读首段，精读各段首句，了解文章主题和结构(Theme)1-2分钟第三步：仔细审题，找出题干中的关键词(Key Words)1分钟 关键词的优先考虑顺序: 1、首先标出明确告诉位置的题目所在(某段某行) 2、专有名词，包括人名、地名、书名及带
2、引号的词等 3、数字、时间、时段(包括某些介词短语) 4、较长、较复杂的词组(名词动词词组优先) 5、重要的动词、形容词或副词等实词 6、条件词、因果词、比较词等虚词(起辅助作用)第四步：变速浏览原文，击破各题。 13分钟 两个阅读原则： 1.寻读-解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 2.精读-与题干相关的语句，针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的解析。高效的解题技巧-五大题目类型分析及其解题技巧 考试意义上的阅读理解它是一种定向理解，即要求考生在阅读短文后回答命题人设计的理解题，与考题无关的内容则可以不理解。站在命题人角度去分析阅读理解题题型，并掌握不同题型的特点及答题要求。阅读理解题型大致可
3、以归纳为以下五类：事实细节题，推理判断题，观点态度题，主旨大意题和语义理解题。一.事实细节题:45%1.题干提示词：which，what，why，who，how，how many,cause, because, result, true, not true, mention, not mention等2.解题技巧a.在文中准确定位找选项的同义替换： 基本原则是以主题为导向，忠实原文为基础，千万不可主观臆断。b.在做题时只要阅读与题目相关的句子即可，不用花太多时间看上下文。3.选项特点1.正确选项特点 (1)原文的同义替换-同义词，近义词替换;句型转换;词性转换;高度概括;正话反说：例如，原文用
4、双重否定，选项用肯定句式。 (2)以主题为导向，有很多选项刚好落在段落主旨句中。2.干扰项特点： (1)以偏概全：句中部分正确，部分错误。 (2)答非所问，无中生有：符合常识，培训搜培训课程px.wangxiao.so培训网提醒您但不是文章的内容。 (3) 偷换概念：与原句的内容极为相似，但程度上有些变动，将文中并非绝对化的内容绝对化。例如：21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as()2012text1A a supplement to the social cureB a stimulus to
5、group dynamicsC an obstacle to school progressD a cause of undesirable behaviors Come on Everybodys doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in
6、 her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.解析：选D, 因为本题是细节题的同意替换：cause=l
7、ead to; undesirable=no good; behaviors=drinking,drugs and casual sex。A，B是Rosenberg个人的观点，且是文中句子的偷换概念，C在本段是无中生有。二、推理判断题：25%(一)命题形式。根据推理判断题的性质和出题范围，我们可以大致把这种题型分为三种类别：1.局部推理题，文章的一句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落，是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题，题干提示词，如believe, imply, according to the author等。例如：It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that_.
8、 (2007)The statement “it is all too monkey” (last line, paragraph 1) implies that_. (2005)2.全文推理题，这种题型一般不仅是考查对于全文中心思想的推理，同样也是考查对细节的推理，只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各个角落，需要考生进行全面的归纳。例如：The text suggests that immigrants now in the US_. (2006) It can be inferred from the text that public services_. (2002)3.判断题，这种题型是细节
9、题和推理题的综合 ，一般的问法为which of the following is true，或者Which of the following is not true等，要求考生找到符合原文信息的选项，而且四个选项所涉及的内容可能分布在文章各个段落，需要考生迅速定位并进行推理判断。(二)解题技巧。 1.精读题干，充分了解题目要求我们进行推理和判断的内容; 2.定位原文：要理解文章的字面意思，弄清上下文的整体逻辑; 3.推测作者遣词造句中的深层含义;(三)选项特点：1.正确答案选项的特点(1) 综合性和概括性：尤其是当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思的时候，意义最丰富的那个选项往往是正确答案;(2
10、)正确答案的表述一般不会用绝对词汇，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等;2.干扰选项的特点(1) 原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当成间接推理;(2)因果颠倒，例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的;(3)符合常识，非文章推理。因此，同学们要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理，因为命题者考查的是考生揣摩作者意图的能力;(4) 推理过头、概括过度，虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据;(
11、5) 纯属编造。例如：36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that()2012text4A Teamsters still have a large body of members.B Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.C unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.Dthe government has improved its relationship with unionists. If the trade union
12、ist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members i
13、n the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.解析：选C，由红色字体我们可以推断出C为正确答案。A用现在时来迷惑大家，文章的基调是过去时。B段中第一句是条件状语从句：如果工会会员Hoffa还健在的话，他会代表公务员。从这句我们不能推断出他曾经是公务员。D中政府与工会会员的关系，在本段并没有提到。三、观点态度题：10%以主题为导向：有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体
14、现，有的则需要通读全文。(一)命题模式1.作者观点态度题(1)According to the author,-(2)In the authors opinion,-2.文章中某人的观点态度题(1)What is the tone (mood) of the ?(2)The s attitude towardsmight be summarized as (seems to be)-(二)解题技巧1.精读题干，定位原文。2. 根据作者的语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度，如，wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully, strong, co
15、mplete, entire, enthusiastic 等。3.以主旨为导向：作者的态度一般与文章主旨有很大关系; 切勿主观判断。 4.作者态度一般都很明确：支持或反对或客观。既然作者写了文章，他的态度就不可能是漠不关心的，因此见到indifferent, uninterested 可以首先排除。25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is()2012text1A harmfulB desirableC profoundD questionable Far less cert
16、ain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And thats the pr
17、oblem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.解析：选D，从红色字体我们可以知道，作者对同伴压力的影响力是持有怀疑态度的。harmful是大多数人的观点，desirable是Rosenberg的观点，影响是微小的并不是深远的profound。所以可以排除A，B，C。四、主旨大意题:10%(一)命题规律 题干提示词常用main idea, main point, key point, main
18、topic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。1.从考查的内容上划分，可分为 主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、 目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的) 标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三(1)篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。(2)段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。(二) 主旨大意的常考点1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了
19、文章的中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。2.语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。(三)主旨大意题的解题技巧1.时间紧迫的情况下，只读首尾段，然后经过分析、推理得出正确答案。2.注意文中高频词。这些关键词在文中多次出现，常常是表达主题的主要措辞。3.从选项内容判断答案。一般来说，那些概括全文，含义深刻，说明道理的选项是答案。(四) 选项的特点1.干扰项特点：(1)以偏概全：局部信息，只涉及文章的某一细节。(2)扩大范围：
20、其内容超出文章阐述的部分，犯了归纳过头的错误。(3)无中生有：与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。2.正确选项的特点：(1) 综合性和概括性：尤其是当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思的时候，意义最丰富的那个选项往往是正确答案;例如：25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?()2008年text1A Strain of Stress: No Way Out?B Responses to Stress: Gender Difference.C Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say
21、.D Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress.解析：选D，概括性最强。A，压力的束缚，无路可逃，过于消极。B，没有概括女性的压力。C，以偏概全，只是文章中的一细节。五、语义理解题：10%可以分为两类，即对超纲词语含义的推断和熟词僻义的推断。(一) 命题模式： 题干提示词：mean，infer to，indicate等(二)解题技巧1.熟词僻义：上下文猜词，通过上下文得出它在特定场合下的意思。2.猜测生僻词的词义：可以用以下几种方法去猜测。(1)找同位词：上下文中可能有与生词出现的句子类似的平行结构，找出和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。(2)找同义词、同义解释;
22、找反义词、反义解释。(3)词性加搭配：先判断生词在文章中的词性，再看它与哪些词语可以搭配，最后根据自己的常识猜测词语含义。(4) 构词法猜词，即根据词根、前缀后缀的意义推测词的含义。如2006年passage1中homogenizing (homo-相同;-gene- 生长，产生;-ize动词后缀，使成为，变成)。例如：26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to()2012text2A condemning.B reaffirming.C dishonoring.D securing. A deal
23、is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.解析：段中第二句的意思是：当公司宣布他们对遵守核规则的承诺进行.行动时，理
24、所当然引起了Vermont的愤怒。当选项的词都不认识时，我们可以看单词的前缀，C中dis是否定意义的，honor是尊敬，dishonor是不尊敬，与承诺搭配可以翻译为违背。其他选项意思均不符合该句中的意思。老师根据自己对考研真题阅读多年分析的经验总结了阅读题的方法及应试技巧，学生通过对此方法的学习及练习后，均能达到可观的分数，在此拿出来与大家分享，希望广大学员早点开始备考，认真学习，耐心练习，把此方法转化为自己的方法。最后恭祝您快乐学习，顺利通过考研!should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on ea
25、ch side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be 4 ti
26、mes times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter 60mm, not 8%, diameter 760mm, not 6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connection
27、s are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge . 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion ga
28、p in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature 40 c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rus
29、t, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch
30、 inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and