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1、(1)批处理2(2)变量3(3)逻辑控制5（4）函数7(4.1)系统函数7（4.2）自定义函数13(5)高级查询23(6)存储过程35(7)游标36(8)触发器50SQL Server 数据库的高级操作(1) 批处理(2) 变量(3) 逻辑控制(4) 函数(5) 高级查询*/(1)批处理将多条SQL语句作为一个整体去编译，生成一个执行计划，然后，执行！理解批处理的关键在于编译，对于由多条语句组成的一个批处理，如果在编译时，其中，有一条出现语法错误，将会导致编译失败！create table t(a int,b int)- 注释- 如果多行注释中包含了批处理的标识符go- 在编译的过程中代码将会
2、被go分割成多个部分来分批编译- 多行注释的标记将会被分隔而导致编译出错- 以下几条语句是三个非常经典的批处理- 你猜一下会添加几条记录！/*insert into t values (1,1)go*/insert into t values (2,2)go/*insert into t values (3,3)*/go- 查询看添加了几条记录select * from ttruncate table t(2)变量- 全局变量SQL Server中全局变量由系统定义、系统维护，用户一般仅可对其进行读取！- 查看SQL Server版本print version- 服务器名称print serv
3、ername- 系统错误编号insert into t values (a,a)print errorinsert into t values (a,a)if error = 245print Error- SQL Server 版本的语言信息print LANGUAGE- 一周的第一天从星期几算起print datefirst- CPU 执行命令所耗费时间的累加print cpu_busy- 获取最近添加的标识列的值create table tt(a int identity(3, 10),b int)insert into tt (b) values (1)print identityse
4、lect * from tt- 局部变量局部变量由用户定义，仅可在同一个批处理中调用和访问declare intAge tinyintset intAge = 12print intAgedeclare strName varchar(12)select strName = stateprint strNameselect au_lname, strName from authors(3)逻辑控制- IF条件判断declare i intset i = 12if (i 10)begin- print Dadadada!print Dadadada!end- elsebeginprint Xia
5、oXiao!print XiaoXiao!end- While循环控制declare i int;set i = 12;print ireturn;while (i 18)beginprint i;set i = i + 1;if i 15break;end;- CASE 分支判断select au_lname, state, 犹他州 from authors where state = UTselect au_lname, state, 密西西比州 from authors where state = MIselect au_lname, state, 肯塔基州 from authors w
6、here state = KSselect au_lname, state, case statewhen UT then 犹他州when MI then 密西西比州when KS then 肯塔基州when CA then 加利福利亚else stateendfrom authors（4）函数(4.1)系统函数- 获取指定字符串中左起第一个字符的ASC码print ascii(ABCDEF)- 根据给定的ASC码获取相应的字符print char(65)- 获取给定字符串的长度print len(abcdef)- 大小写转换print lower(ABCDEF)print upper(abc
7、def)- 去空格print ltrim( abcd dfd df )print rtrim( abcd dfd df )- 求绝对值print abs(-12)- 幂- 3 的 2 次方print power(3,2)print power(3,3)- 随机数- 0 - 1000 之间的随机数print rand() * 1000 - 获取圆周率print pi()- 获取系统时间print getdate()- 获取3天前的时间print dateadd(day, -3 , getdate()- 获取3天后的时间print dateadd(day, 3 , getdate()- 获取3年前
8、的时间print dateadd(year, -3 , getdate()- 获取3年后的时间print dateadd(year, 3 , getdate()- 获取3月后的时间print dateadd(month, 3 , getdate()- 获取9小时后的时间print dateadd(hour, 9 , getdate()- 获取9分钟后的时间print dateadd(minute, 9 , getdate()- 获取指定时间之间相隔多少年print datediff(year, 2005-01-01, 2008-01-01)- 获取指定时间之间相隔多少月print datedi
9、ff(month, 2005-01-01, 2008-01-01)- 获取指定时间之间相隔多少天print datediff(day, 2005-01-01, 2008-01-01)- 字符串合并print abc + defprint abcderprint abc + 456print abc + 456- 类型转换print abc + convert(varchar(10), 456)select title_id, type, price from titles- 字符串连接必须保证类型一致(以下语句执行将会出错)- 类型转换select title_id + type + pric
10、e from titles- 正确select title_id + type + convert(varchar(10), price) from titlesprint 123 + convert(varchar(3), 123)print 123 + 123print convert(varchar(12), 2005-09-01,110)- 获取指定时间的特定部分print year(getdate()print month(getdate()print day(getdate()- 获取指定时间的特定部分print datepart(year, getdate()print date
11、part(month, getdate()print datepart(day, getdate()print datepart(hh, getdate()print datepart(mi, getdate()print datepart(ss, getdate()print datepart(ms, getdate()- 获取指定时间的间隔部分- 返回跨两个指定日期的日期和时间边界数print datediff(year, 2001-01-01, 2008-08-08)print datediff(month, 2001-01-01, 2008-08-08)print datediff(d
12、ay, 2001-01-01, 2008-08-08)print datediff(hour, 2001-01-01, 2008-08-08)print datediff(mi, 2001-01-01, 2008-08-08)print datediff(ss, 2001-01-01, 2008-08-08)- 在向指定日期加上一段时间的基础上，返回新的 datetime 值print dateadd(year, 5, getdate()print dateadd(month, 5, getdate()print dateadd(day, 5, getdate()print dateadd(h
13、our, 5, getdate()print dateadd(mi, 5, getdate()print dateadd(ss, 5, getdate()- 其他print host_id()print host_name()print db_id(pubs)print db_name(5)- 利用系统函数作为默认值约束drop table tttcreate table ttt(stu_namevarchar(12),stu_birthdaydatetime default (getdate()alter table tttadd constraint df_ttt_stu_birthday
14、 default (getdate() for stu_birthdayinsert into ttt values (ANiu, 2005-04-01)insert into ttt values (ANiu, getdate()insert into ttt values (AZhu, default)sp_help tttselect * from ttt（4.2）自定义函数select title_idfrom titles where type = businessselect stuff(title_id,1,3,ABB), type from titles where type
15、= businessselect count(title_id) from titles where type = businessselect title_id from titles where type = businessselect *,count(dbo.titleauthor.title_id)FROM dbo.authors INNER JOINdbo.titleauthor ON dbo.authors.au_id = dbo.titleauthor.au_idselect au_id, count(title_id)from titleauthorgroup by au_i
16、dSELECT dbo.authors.au_id, COUNT(dbo.titleauthor.title_id) AS 作品数量FROM dbo.authors left outer JOIN dbo.titleauthor ON dbo.authors.au_id = dbo.titleauthor.au_idGROUP BY dbo.authors.au_idorder by 作品数量- 自定义函数的引子（通过这个子查询来引入函数的作用）- 子查询- 统计每个作者的作品数- 将父查询中的作者编号传入子查询- 作为查询条件利用聚合函数count统计其作品数量select au_lname
17、, (select count(title_id) from titleauthor as ta where ta.au_id = a.au_id) as TitleCountfrom authors as aorder by TitleCount- 是否可以定义一个函数- 将作者编号作为参数统计其作品数量并将其返回select au_id, au_lname, dbo.GetTitleCountByAuID(au_id) as TitleCount from authorsorder by TitleCount- 根据给定的作者编号获取其相应的作品数量create function GetT
18、itleCountByAuID(au_id varchar(12)returns intbeginreturn (select count(title_id) from titleauthorwhere au_id = au_id)end - 利用函数来显示每个作者的作品数量create proc pro_CalTitleCountasselect au_id, au_lname, dbo.GetTitleCountByAuID(au_id) as TitleCount from authorsorder by TitleCountgo- 执行存储过程execute pro_CalTitleC
19、ount- vb中函数定义格式function GetTitleCountByAuID(au_id as string) as integer.GetTitleCountByAuID = ?end function- SALES 作品销售信息select * from sales- 根据书籍编号查询其销售记录（其中，qty 表示销量）select * from sales where title_id = BU1032- 根据书籍编号统计其总销售量（其中，qty 表示销量）select sum(qty) from sales where title_id = BU1032- 利用分组语句（gr
20、oup by），根据书籍编号统计每本书总销售量（其中，qty 表示销量）select title_id, sum(qty) from sales group by title_id- 是否可以考虑定义一个函数根据书籍编号来计算其总销售量- 然后，将其应用到任何一条包含了书籍编号的查询语句中select title_id, title, dbo.GetTotalSaleByTitleID(title_id) as TotalSalesfrom titlesorder by TotalSales- 定义一个函数根据书籍编号来计算其总销售量create function GetTotalSaleBy
21、TitleID(tid varchar(24)returns intbeginreturn(select sum(qty) from sales where title_id = tid)end- 统计书籍销量的前10位- 其中，可以利用函数计算结果的别名作为排序子句的参照列select top 10 title_id, title, dbo.GetTotalSaleByTitleID(title_id) as TotalSalesfrom titlesorder by TotalSales desc- 根据书籍编号计算其销量排名create function GetTheRankOfTitl
22、e(id varchar(20)returns intbeginreturn(select count(TotalSales) from titles where ToalSales (select TotalSales from titles where title_id=id)end- 根据书籍编号计算其销量排名select dbo.GetTheRankOfTitle(pc1035) from titlesselect count(title_id) + 1from titles where dbo.GetTotalSaleByTitleID(title_id) dbo.GetTotalS
23、aleByTitleID(pc1035)- 删除函数drop function GetRankByTitleId- 根据书籍编号计算其销量排名create function GetRankByTitleId(tid varchar(24)returns intbeginreturn (select count(title_id) + 1from titles where dbo.GetTotalSaleByTitleID(title_id) dbo.GetTotalSaleByTitleID(tid)end- 在查询语句中利用函数统计每本书的总销量和总排名select title_id, ti
24、tle,dbo.GetTotalSaleByTitleID(title_id) as TotalSales,dbo.GetRankByTitleId(title_id) as TotalRankfrom titlesorder by TotalSales desc- 查看表结构sp_help titles- 查看存储过程的定义内容sp_helptext GetRankByTitleIdsp_helptext sp_helptext sp_helptext xp_cmdshell- ORDER DETAILS 订单详细信息select * from order details select *
25、from order details where productid = 23- 根据产品编号在订单详细信息表中统计总销售量select sum(quantity) from order details where productid = 23- 构造一个函数根据产品编号在订单详细信息表中统计总销售量create function GetTotalSaleByPID(Pid varchar(12)returns intbeginreturn(select sum(quantity) from order details where productid = Pid)endselect * fro
26、m products- 在产品表中查询，统计每一样产品的总销量select productid, productname, dbo.GetTotalSaleByPID(productid) from products- CREATE FUNCTION LargeOrderShippers ( FreightParm money )RETURNS OrderShipperTab TABLE ( ShipperID int, ShipperName nvarchar(80), OrderID int, ShippedDate datetime, Freight money )ASBEGIN INS
27、ERT OrderShipperTab SELECT S.ShipperID, S.CompanyName, O.OrderID, O.ShippedDate, O.Freight FROM Shippers AS S INNER JOIN Orders AS O ON S.ShipperID = O.ShipVia WHERE O.Freight FreightParm RETURNENDSELECT * FROM LargeOrderShippers( $500 )- 根据作者编号计算其所得版权费create function fun_RoyalTyper ( au_id id)retur
28、ns intasbegindeclare rt intselect rt = sum(royaltyper) from titleauthor where au_id = au_idreturn (rt)endgoselect top 1 au_lname, au_fname, dbo.fun_RoyalTyper(au_id) as 版权费 from authorsorder by dbo.fun_RoyalTyper(au_id) descgocreate function fun_MaxRoyalTyper_Au_id ()returns idasbegindeclare au_id i
29、dselect au_id = au_idfrom authorsorder by dbo.fun_RoyalTyper(au_id)return(au_id)endgoselect dbo.fun_MaxRoyalTyper_Au_id()goselect au_lname, au_fname, dbo.fun_RoyalTyper(au_id) as 版权税 from authorswhere au_id = dbo.fun_MaxRoyalTyper_Au_id()go(5)高级查询select title_id, price from titles- 查找最高价格select max(
30、price) from titles- 查找最贵书籍的价格(排序)，如果存在多本价格最贵的书，此方法将会遗漏select top 1 title_id, price from titlesorder by price desc- 查找最贵书籍的价格(子查询)select title_id, price from titleswhere price = (select max(price) from titles)- 查询指定出版社出版的书(连接)select p.pub_name as 出版社, t.title as 书籍名称from publishers as p join titles a
31、s t on p.pub_id = t.pub_idwhere pub_name = New Moon Books- 查询指定出版社出版的书(子查询)select title from titles where pub_id = (select pub_id from publishers where pub_name = New Moon Books)- 查询指定出版社出版的书(分开查询)select title from titles where pub_id = 0736select pub_id from publishers where pub_name = New Moon Boo
32、ks- 重点- 理解相关子查询的基础- select * from titles where type = businessselect * from titles where type = business123select * from titles where 1 = 1 - 在订单表中寻找满足以下条件的订单编号以及相应的客户编号- 在详细订单表中存在对应的订单编号并且其中包含产品编号为23的产品- 然后将产品编号为23的产品订购量返回判断是否大于20USE northwindSELECT orderid, customeridFROM orders AS or1WHERE 20 ( S
33、ELECT MAX(advance) FROM publishers INNER JOIN titles ON titles.pub_id = publishers.pub_id WHERE pub_name = Algodata Infosystems )SELECT title, advanceFROM titlesWHERE advance all ( SELECT advance FROM publishers INNER JOIN titles ON titles.pub_id = publishers.pub_id WHERE pub_name = Algodata Infosys
34、temsand advance is not null )declare i intset i = 12if i all(select price from titles where type = business)select title_id, price from titleswhere price (select max(price) from titles where type = business)select title_id, price from titleswhere price any(select price from titles where type = busin
35、ess)select title_id, price from titleswhere price (select min(price) from titles where type = business)select price from titles where type = businessif exists(select * from titles where type = 123)print ZZZZZelseprint BBBBBif exists(select * from authors where city = Berkeley and state =UT)print Wel
36、comeelseprint Bye-Bye- 筛选出business以及trad_cook类型的书籍(联合查询)select title_id, type from titles where type = businessunionselect title_id, type from titles where type = trad_cook- 统计business类型的书籍的总价(联合查询)select title, price from titles where type = businessunionselect 合计:, sum(price) from titles where type = business- 统计所有书籍的类型剔除重复(Distinct)select distinct type from titles- 作者记录的复制(Select Into)select * into au from authorsselect * from au- 查看数据表结构(Select Into并没有对数据表的约束进行复制)sp_