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1、1,Robert Frost: A Poet of Deceptive Simplicity II,罗伯特弗罗斯特：一位简单深邃的诗人(2),2,Reviewing: The Road Not Taken,3,The Road Not Taken,Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrow
2、th; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day!
3、Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.,4,1. Robert Frost(1874-1963): A Poet of Deceptive
4、Simplicity,Robert Frost is often considered to be a poet of simplicity. People enjoy reading his poems, because his poems look simple, direct and natural. But actually, Frost is almost never as simple, direct and natural as he appears to be.,5,Frost says that his poetic diction has “dropped to an ev
5、eryday level that even Wordsworth kept above”.,6,No matter how pure and simple Frosts poems may appear in forms, their implicit meanings are almost always intricate. Frost was deceptively simple.,7,The Pasture 牧场,Im going out to clean the pasture spring; Ill only stop to rake the leaves away (And wa
6、it to watch the water clear, I may) I shant be gone long. You come too. Im going out to fetch the little calf Thats standing by the mother. Its so young It totters when she licks it with her tongue. I shant be gone long. You come too.,我要出去清理牧场的泉眼， 只想停下把水中枯叶搂净， (也许，等到泉水潺潺清清) 我不会去太久你也来吧。 我要出去牵回那一头牛犊，
7、它那么小，站在母亲身旁， 踉踉跄跄地任凭母亲舔着。 我不会去太久你也来吧 (黄宗英译),8,2.1 Absolutely unliterary （绝对非文学性),Poets preference for simple poetic words. Out of 66 words in the poem, there are only 10 words of two syllables, while the others are all monosyllabic(单音节词). All the nouns in this poem are concrete nouns(具体名词)：pasture,
8、spring, leaves, water, calf, mother, and tongue, referring to pastoral features of a New England farm.,9,2.1 Absolutely unliterary （绝对非文学性),The poem has only two purely descriptive adjectives(纯粹的描写性形容词)：clear and little. Almost all the verbs here refer to definite physical acts(具体动作): clean, stop, r
9、ake, wait, watch, fetch, and lick.,10,2.1 Absolutely unliterary,In terms of sentence, or syntactically speaking, the sentences are simple. The average sentence length is less than ten words. The poem contains only two complex sentences (lines 5-6), but even in these two complex sentences, we see no
10、striking variety of complexity from one to the other. They balance well and short and simple.,11,2.1 Absolutely unliterary,Thematically speaking, what is depicted in this poem is nothing more than a simple and physical description of an invitation from the farmer-poet. Or we say a good poet farmer.,
11、12,2.2 Story in the poem,The first line presents the background of the farm and the man who cares for it. The speaker is going forth by himself in early spring to clear a spring of water. He says that his work will be fairly brief, but he asks the addressee to go with him.,13,2.2 Story in the poem,I
12、n the second stanza, the subject switches from the spring to a little calf, which is so young that it stands tottering besides its mother. Again the speaker asks the addressee to go with him to fetch it. We can easily reconstructed the whole scene in our minds eye. However, the two small quatrains s
13、how how the least may mean most, offering the writer and the reader alike the delight of saying an ordinary thing and discovering that it is art.,14,2.3 the speaker “I” as a farmer,On the first level, of we take the speaker “I” as a farmer, the whole poem will prove to be a picture of vigorous farm
14、life in early spring. At this time of year, farmers are making preparations for the growing season. In this case, the spring-time clearing of the dead leaves left over through the winter may suggest the rhythmical continuity of life and death in nature.,15,2.3 the speaker “I” as a farmer,Besides, an
15、 unhurried life is implied by the speakers casual tone of voice: Iambic Pentameter Lines(五音步抑扬格) : Im going out to clean the pasture spring Ill only stop to rake the leaves away Alliteration（押头韵）: (And wait to watch the water clear, I may),16,2.3 the speaker “I” as a farmer,Frost is deft in writing
16、the first three lines of neat Iambic Pentameter and in using the device of heavy alliteration in the third line to depict rhythmically the incidental activities of the farmer. He can either stop to clear up the water or just wait to watch the water clear by itself. In the second stanza, an image of
17、a tottering calf besides its mother symbolizes a future full of promises.,17,2.4 the speaker “I” as a poet,On the second level, since Frost takes this poem as an introduction to his poetry, the speaker “I” can be regarded as the poet himself, in which case the poem might seam to be a manifestation o
18、f the poets thought about his poetics and poetry. The dead leaves he wants to rake away in the first stanza may suggest the old-fashion versification of the nineteenth century, with which he wants to break, while the little calf, struggling to stand by itself, symbolizes the kind of new poetry he ha
19、s written.,18,3. Summary,The invitation, therefore, can be seen as the poets invitation for the reader to appreciate his poetry. The poem stands not only as an invitation to his poetic world but also presents the figures that are central to the world: the poet, the reader, the natural setting, and the animal. In this way, Frost has very artfully drawn us into complexity. So the simplicity in Frosts poetry is deceptive.,