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1、八下中考 Unit 1-6 知识梳理Unit 1 Whats the matter?【语法】同义句问：Whats the matter / trouble/ problem (with sb)?=Whats your trouble/ matter/ problem?= Whats up? = What happens to sb.?（某人）出什么事了？=Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？=Are you OK?你没事吧？=Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？【辨析】trouble【麻烦：make trouble】; ma
2、tter【事情】;problem【难度大：solve problem】; question【难度小：ask/ answer question】答： 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 He has a sore throat他喉咙痛。3 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。4 某部位+hurt(s). My head hurts badly我头痛得厉害。5 某人+have/has+a pain+in ones
3、+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。 【语法】should + 动原【四个句型】【重点词汇掌握】1. 反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself.2. (1)few +可名复，有否定意义。(2)a few +可名复，“几个，数个”，有肯定意义。(3)little +不可数，有否定意义，“很少，几乎无”(4)a little+不可数，“一些”，有肯定意。 He has _ friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has _ friend
4、s. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have _ time. 我们还有点时间。 There is _ time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。3. much too +adj./ adv.“太. ”，too much+U 名 ; too many + C 名，很多，大量There are _ _noise in the classroom. There are _ _ old books in the library 4. Also, too 与 either 三者都表示“也”。但是用法有区别。(1) too 用于肯定句，句末，有逗号隔开；句中，前后都加逗号。(2) also 句中，b
5、e 等助动词后，实义动词前。(3) either 用于否定句，句末，并用逗号隔开 (4)neither 作代词“两者都不”He is not there, _. 他也不在那儿。She _learns English.她也学英语。He likes English,_. 她也喜欢英语。You may use _book.两本书你可以随便用一本。 _answer is wrong.两个答案都不对。I dont like him. _ do I.我不喜欢他。我也是。 5. Be used to do sth. 被用来.Be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于. Used to do
6、sth.过去常常做.I used to _(sleep) late, but now I used to _(sleep) early. The pen is used to _(write) 6. Give up going sth.放弃做某事【名】matter, fever, cough, passenger, risk, kilo, rock, knife, spirit【动】躺 lie, lying, lay; hit; hurt; break; mean;dieUnit 2 Ill help to clean the city parts.【语法】一般将来时复习：will do, b
7、e going to do (标志词：will; “ -ll ” ; wont; tomorrow;next 动词不定式：help to do; need to do; decide to do; want to do; used to do【见附表 DD】【重点词汇掌握】1. Alone（一个人的事实 live alone）, lonely（感觉孤独寂寞 lonely man）The man live _ in the country, but he never feel _.2. Raise（筹集，raise money, 外力升）, rise（自己升 The sun rises up e
8、very day.）3. 短语：Cheer up 使变得高兴，振奋起来 Give away 赠送，分发 Come true 实现Come up with= think of 想出，提出 Put off 推迟 Call up 打电话给某人 Care for 照顾， Make a difference 影响，有作用 Run out of 用尽，耗尽 Give out 分发，散发4.Sound(所有声音)/noise(噪音)/voice(人声音)5.care for 照看；照顾；照料=take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看 6. such/ so词条 词性用法常用结构
9、such形容词修饰名词such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词such+ 除 many/few 之外的形容词+可数名词复数 such +除 much/little 之外的形容词+ 不可数名词so词条achieve程度副词修饰形容词 或副词是否接宾语 是so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数 so+ many/few +可数名词复数 so+ much/little+不可数名词用法主语一般为“人”come true否 主语一般是“梦想；理想”7. Help sb with sth = help sb. do sth.帮助某人做
10、某事8. 1). stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止讲话2).stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话-Can we stop _(have) a rest? -Oh, stop _(talk) about this. Youve rest three times. 9.Take after, be like, look like, look after 区别Take after,【人品，品德，性格都像】 be like【人品性格】,look like【外表】, look a
11、fter【照顾】10.for example 常接句子, 用逗号隔开。such as 常接词或短语，可和 and so on 连用。 【名】volunteer, sign, notice, joy, owner, letter, deaf, door, train, interest,【动】volunteer,cheer, notice, feel, raise, repair, fix,miss, open, carry, understand, change Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？【语法】Could 引导的句子【四项】复习情态动词：
12、can, could(能，可以); must , have to(必须); should, ought to(应该); need(需要，必要); may(可 能); maybe(名，副词：也许，或许); may be (情态动词：也许可能); had better do(最好做); 【重点词汇掌握】1. 短语：Do chores 做家务 Do the dishes 洗餐具 in a mess; Take out 拿走; all the time= always 总是; as soon as; in order to 为了; depend on 依靠; take care of= look af
13、ter=care for 照顾; As a result 结果 Make the bed 整理床铺 Hang out 闲逛，常去 At least 至少 A waste of time 浪费时间 2. Borrow(借来，进)和 lend(借给，出)3. fair n. fairness 公平；公正 unfair 不公平4. in front of 指在物体外部的前面 in the front of 指在物体内部的前面5. 【了解】get, turn, become, go, growin hospital 住院和 in the hospital 在医院 注意有 the 和没 the 的区别1
14、). become 好、坏两方面的变化 He becomes a teacher. (现在已经是一位老师)2). get 多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调 “渐渐变得”，后常接形容词的比较级形式。 Its getting darker outside.3). turn 指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。Leaves turned brown . 4). 表示向坏的变化的常用词组中用 go（通常不用 get）。 vegetables go bad 菜变质5). grow 表示“逐渐变成新的状态”的含义。常指生长性的变化。My younger brother is growi
15、ng tall我的弟弟渐渐长高了。【名】rubbish, floor, shirt, finger, neighbor, ill,【动】fold；sweep; throw；pass；borrow；lend；hate；waste；provide；depend；develop,drop Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?【语法】提建议的句子：(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.? .怎么样？(1) Why dont you do sth.?= Why not do sth.= Why do/
16、 does sb. do.? 为什么不呢？(1) Lets do sth. 让我们一起做.。 (4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我们做好吗？(5) had better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做.(6) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做(7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去.？(8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做.？ 【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：（不包括 mind ）Good idea. / Thats good idea. 好主意 Yes, plea
17、se. / Id love to. 是的/ 我愿意OK/ All right. / Great. 好/ 行/太好了 I agree with you. 我同意你的看法No problem. Yes, I think so. 对，我也这样想 Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然可以(2).表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：I dont think so. 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant. Id loveto, but我愿意，但恐怕 Im afraid 恐怕【语法】状语从句分类：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。1. until
18、引导的时间状语从句 until“直到；在.之前”。和 not.until“直到.才”We wont start until Bob come Dont get off until the bus stops.2. so that 引导的目的状语从句 so that 是连词，“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.3. although 引导的状语从句 Although the book was old, we decided to buy it. 尽管这本书很旧，
19、我们还是决定买。 【重点词汇掌握】【短语】Too many 太多 Be good at 擅长 Talk about 谈论 On the phone 在电话中 Look through 快 速查看，浏览.Give back 归还 Big deal 重要的事 Thanks for 因.而感谢 Work out 成功地发展， 解决.Get on with 和睦相处，Communicate with sb.与.交谈 Next time 下次 Make friends 交朋友 Be worried about 担心.Be afraid of 害怕 Cut out 删除，删去 All kinds of 各
20、种各样的 In ones opinion 依.看 instead of 而不是，代替 Want to do sth, 想要做某事 .Find sb. doing sth. Tell sb. to do sth. Refuse to do sth. Let sb. do sth. Offer to do sth. Not.until. Want sb. to do sth. Its time for sth. Its + adj. + to do sth. Keep on doing1. allow sb to do sth 允许 My parents dont allow me _( stay
21、)up late. 我父母不允许我熬夜。 2. angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地1). be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with 后接人】1). be angry at/about sth.对某事感到生气 【at 后接事】3.get on with 1)（事情）进展 2) 与友好相处get on with sb. =get along with sb.= be good with 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏4. compete v 竞争；对抗 compet
22、ition n 竞争1）. compete against/ with 与竞争 We cant compete with them on price.2）. compete for 为参加比赛 Thirty people had to compete for only ten openings.3）. compete in,参加竞争，在上竞争、比赛 Five children competed in the race. 三 opinion 5.1).comparewith把与.做比较 And they are always comparing them with other children.
23、2). compareto 把.比做People often compare the life to a stage.6.perhaps，probably，possibly，maybe 辨析1). perhaps 意为“也许，可能”，一般指比较小的可能性。2). probably“很可能，大概”，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。3). possibly 意为“可能，或许，也许”，可能性较大。4). Maybe 副词“或许，大概”，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比 perhaps 轻。 5). may be 情态动词+ be 结构，“也许”Maybe you put the l
24、etter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。7. argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue about sth. 争论某事 argue against 争辩；反对 argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论【名】wrong, relation, cloud, pressure, opinion, skill,development, cause【动】 Allow; guess; deal; communication; argue; communicate; explain; copy; return; co
25、mplete; continue; compare; push【形】elder, nervous, typical, crazy, clear, usual, quick, secondUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?【语法】过去进行时 was/ were doing sth.【标志词；四项句式】【重点词汇掌握】短语：Go off 离开 pick up 捡起 fall asleep 睡着 in silence 沉默 take down 记下 at first 首先 be in control of 掌管掌控 Wait for
26、 等候 Look for 寻找 Make sure 确保 Have fun (in) doing sth 玩的开心 die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐消失 Take photos 照相 Turn on / down 调大、小 Right away 立刻，马上 Because of 因为 Make ones way to 费力前往 Tell the truth 说实话 Point out 指出 Three times a week 一周三次 Be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 See sb. doing sth.看某人做某事 Try to do sth.努力做某事 Have troub
27、le (in) doing sth.做某事有困难1. Begin to do 和 begin doing 的区别1). 主语是物不是人： It begin to rain; The ice begins to melt2). 本身为 ing 形式： He is beginning to realize the importance of learning English.3). 其后动词与想法、感情有关： They began to understand each other.4). to do 表示一次性的动作；而 doing 表示习惯性、长期性的动作。2. (1) also 也，用于肯定句
28、句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。(2) too 也，用于肯定句句末，需要加一个逗号。 (3) either 也 ，通常放于否定句末(4) as well 也，通常也放在句末，可以和 too 互换。3. against 倚；碰；撞,反对【反义词 follow】4. (1) at first = at the beginning 最初，开始 (强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初)(2) first of all 首先，第一 (表明陈述事情的重要性) Ben could not sleep at first.5.die down 和 die out 的区别。die down
29、往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程；die out 则指熄灭这一事实，不及 die down 普遍。指火的熄灭时，用die down 或 die out 皆可。含义用法位置例句everywhere处处；到处；各个地可方用于任何句式We have many friends everywhere in the worldsomewhereanywhere某个地方任何地方多用于肯定句中 否定句疑问句You can go somewhere you like to. You cant go anywhereCan I go anywhere I choose6. 【复习】词义辨析： 1）
30、join /join in/ take part in 2）get/ reach/ arrive(1) We want to _ the running, do you want to _us?(2) Do you want to_the school sport meeting?(3) I _ in China at 8:00, then I found a car to _ to a bus station, so I could take No.5 bus. I finally _ there at 12:00.7. remember to do sth 与 remember doing
31、 sth【复习：forget to do 没做/ forget doing 做过】1 remember to do sth 记得要去做某事（此事还未做）2 remember doing sth 记得做过某事（此事已做完）Jim, remember _(lock) the door before you leave for home.I remember _(lock) the door before I go home.8. wood 1)不可数，“木头，木材”apiece of wood 一块木头2)可数名词，意为“树林”，常用复数 She is afraid of walk through
32、 the woods at night.9. fall asleep 意为“进入梦乡，睡着” 反义词：wake up 意为“醒来，把。弄醒”10. the rest of “剩余的。” Tom is from England and the rest of us are from China.11. silence 不可数名词，意为“沉默，缄默，无声”，常用短语：in silence 沉默，无声silent 形容词“寂静的，无声的”She is eating dinner in silence.12. have trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难或麻烦”have
33、 fun = have a good time= enjoy oneself 玩的开心，作乐 Have fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣 13. close 1) 形容词，意为“亲密的，亲近的，近的”Jenny is one of my close friends.2) 动词，意为“关闭” Close the door, please.14. over 介词，意为“多于；超过（某数量，时间，价钱等）”=more than。Over “结束” Class is over. 15. mean (meant, meant) 及物动词，意为“意思是” What does this word
34、mean?Meaning 名词，意为“意思，含义”（既可数也不可数） What is the meaning of this word? 16.passage n. 章，节，段落【名】alarm, storm, light, report, area, wood, window, match, kid, passage, pupil, date, tower, truth 【动】alarm, begin, match, report, beat, rise, raise, realize, fall,Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.1
35、. speak, tell, talk、say 辨析(1) speak 指说话的能力或说某种语言，强调说的动作，不是所说的内容 speak English(2) tell 告诉；讲述，强调讲给别人听。单方讲 tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事；tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事(3) talk 指连续不断地讲话，交谈，侧重两者之间相互说话。talk with /to sb.；talk about(4) Say 用作及物动词，强调说话的内容 say it in English. 用英语说【记 1】(
36、1) 说某种语言用 speak speak English 说英语(2) 与某人交谈用 talk talk with sb.= talk to sb. 与某人交谈(3) 强调说话内容用 say say it in English 用英语说(4) 告诉某人用 tell tell sb. to do sth 告诉某人做某事2. silly，foolish, stupid,(1) foolish 无头脑的、缺乏常识的、缺乏判断能力的。(2) Stupid 指“智力差的”、“反应迟钝 的”。(3) Silly 指“头脑简单、不懂事的”、“傻头傻脑的”。Dont be _!别傻！He is _ to t
37、hrow away such a chance.Mary made a _ mistake.玛丽犯了一个笨拙的错误。3. other 其他的，后跟名词，没有数量限制(泛指).the other 另一个，两者中的另一个 Others 一些 （人） some others 一些 一些the others 其余的，指在一个范围内的其他全部 another 另一个；另外的 只能修饰可数 名词的单数.表示三者以上的不确数中的另一个.(1) I have two pens, one is a red, _ is a black.(2) Lisa is taller than the _ in our cl
38、ass.(2) They are very different from one _. 他们互相之间差别很大。(3) Some students like English and _ students dont like English.4. neither of +名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式Neither. nor.既不也不连接两个词做主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则either. or . “或者.或者.” both.and . “既.又.”(1) _ John _ Ann have got a pen friend.(2) I _ smoke _drink.(3) Neithe
39、r I nor she _(know) the matter. Neither of them _ teacher.(4) When the girls is happy, she _ sings _ dances.5. some time 一段时间 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 sometime 在某个时候 I hope to visit the USA sometime in the futuresome times 名词词组，“几次，几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last sum
40、mer. sometimes 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）【口诀】：分开是一段，合起是某时；分开 s 是倍次，合起 s 是有时(1) I ll stay here for _(2) Kate will be back _ in February (2) Our school is _ larger than theirs(3) Joan goes to school on foot,but_ by bike(5) l will go to beijing _ next mouth(6) l have been here for _ (7) l _ gets up at seven6. be m
41、ade of “ 被用制成” (看得出原材料) The table is made of wood be made from “ 被用制成” (看不出原材料) The bread is made from wheat. be made into + 成品 “ 被制成”be made in + 地点 “在哪里制造” made in china7. wear/ put on/dress/ in 辨析：wear 接服饰 强调穿的状态 wear+衣服 =be in +衣服 dress + 反身代词 dress oneself put on 接衣服 强调穿的动作 put on+ 衣 in +颜色“穿.颜色的衣服”