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1、1: Listening and Translation 1.Girls score higher than boys in almost every country. 几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。2. Differences between males and females are a continuing issue of fierce debate. 男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。 3. Cultural and economic influences play an important part. 文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。 4. But recent findin
2、gs suggest that the answer may lie in differences between the male and female brain. 但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。 5. These include differences in learning rates. 这些包括学习速度上的差异。 Section Two Listening Comprehension Part 1 Dialogue Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks with the missing info
3、rmation. Serenading Service was founded three years ago when the singer realize that British people were desperate for romance. He thought there would be a clientele for a hired serenader. The idea came from his studies of Renaissance music, which is full of serenades. Over the centuries, university
4、 students have turned the serenade into an art form for hire. Usually he is hired by men to sing love songs to women. Occasionally he is asked to sing to men. The service is really a form of intimate alfresco theatre with love songs. He usually wears a white tie and tails and sings amorous Italian s
5、ongs. He will carry chocolate hearts or flowers and when there is no balcony available he will sing from trees or fire escapes! The fee depends on whether a musician comes along or not. The basic rate is ?450 but it can cost a lot more especially if he takes a gondola and a group of musicians along.
6、 Some people are so moved that they burst into tears, but some react badly. They try to find out as much as they can about their clients to avoid unpleasant situations. They have to be very careful these days because a serenade can be completely misinterpreted. Part 2 Passage Ex. A. Pre-listening Qu
7、estion What memory strategies do you know that can help you remember things better? 1) Brain prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance. 2) Your attitude has much to do with whether you remember something or not. 3) Your understanding of new materials depends on what you already know. 4) You can le
8、arn and remember better if you can group ideas into some sort of meaningful categories or groups. 5) The brains quickest and probably the longest-lasting response is to images. 6) Memory is increased when facts to be learned are consciously associated with something familiar to you. Ex. B: Sentence
9、Dictation 1.Mnemonics are methods for remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to recall. 2. Our brains evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli such as images, colors, structures, sounds, smells, tastes, touch, positions, emotions and language. 3. While language is one of the
10、most important aspects of human evolution, it is only one of the many skills and resources available to our minds. 4. Association is the method by which you link a thing to be remembered to a way of remembering it. 5. Location gives you two things: a coherent context into which you can place informa
11、tion, and a way of separating one mnemonic from another. Ex. C: Detailed Listening. 1. Mnemonics are tools which can help you to improve your memory. T. (Memory tools can help you to improve your memory. Mnemonic is another word for memory tool.) 2. The fundamental principle of mnemonics is to make
12、full use of the best functions of the brain to store information. T (The basic principle of mnemonics is to use as many of the best functions of your brain as possible to store information.) 3. Information we have to remember is almost always presented in different ways. F (Unfortunately information
13、 we have to remember is almost always presented in only one way-as words printed on a page.) 4. We can do four things to form striking images, which will help to make our mnemonics more memorable. T ( Use positive, pleasant images; use vivid, colorful, sense-laden images; use all your senses to code
14、 information or dress up an image; give our image three dimensions, movement and space.) 5. There is one basic principle in the use of mnemonics. F (There are three fundamental principles underlying the use of mnemonics: imagination, association and location) 6. Association is what we use to create
15、and strengthen imagination. F (Imagination is what you use to create and strengthen the associations needed to create effective mnemonics.) 7. You can choose the imagery in your mnemonics as you like T (The imagery you use in your mnemonics can be as violent, vivid, or sensual as you like, as long a
16、s it help you to remember.) 8. You can create associations by linking things using the same stimuli. T. (You can create associations by linking them using the same color, smell, shape, or feeling.) Ex. D: After-listening Discussion 1. What is the basic principle of mnemonics? Why can we improve our
17、memory by following the principle? To use as many of the best functions of your brain as possible to store information. Evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli. sophisticated models of the world. Our memories store all of these effectively. However, information is presented in only one way. La
18、nguage is only one Use these to make of the many skills and resources available to our minds. By coding languages and numbers in striking images,/ can reliable code both information and structure of information. Then easily recall these later. 2. Why is a good memory important to us? Open. Section T
19、hree News News Item 1 Ex. A: Summarize the news This news item is about the Somali pirates strike. Ex. B: Listen to the news again and answer the questions. 1. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isnt clear. 2. No, t
20、he pirates havent been deferred. 3. Because the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so great and Somalia remains so lawless. 4. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilome
21、tres. 5. It may be because of the relatively small scale of the problem. Tape script of News Item One: The piracy problem looks like its here to stay despite the recent muscular interventions by the French and American navies. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the
22、killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isnt clear. But it does suggest at the very least that the pirates havent been deterred. So why does the problem persist? Put simply maritime security analysts say piracy will continue as long as the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain s
23、o great and Somalia remains so lawless. Certainly the international effort to thwart the problem is relatively limited. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometres. Although it has be
24、en suggested that raids could be mounted on the pirates home towns, it seems unlikely therell be any major increase in the military effort unless theres a spectacular hijacking involving the deaths of many crew members. The reluctance to mount a major international naval operation in the area may al
25、so be down to the relatively small scale of the problem. Last year, according to figures from the International Maritime Bureau, nearly twenty three thousand ships passed through the Gulf of Aden. Only ninety two were hijacked. Rob Watson, BBC News News Item 2 Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete
26、the summary This news item is about Obamas military plan in Afghanistan. Ex. B: True or false. 1. The President is considering leaving Afghanistan. F. (The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an option.) 2. Obama wouldnt shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan, neither wo
27、uld he deploy more military troops. T. 3. President Obama thought his assessment would be rigorous and deliberate. T. 4. Opinions against Obama are not heard. F. (some Republicans and members of the Presidents own party are dubious about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict
28、 where there is no end in sight.) 5. The conflict in Afghanistan seems to be over soon. F. (about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.) 6. Afghanistan can be the second Vietnam. T. (The word Vietnam is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.) Sc
29、ript of News Item Two: The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an option. Its not on the table. According to one White House source, he told the meeting that he wouldnt shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely targeting al-Qaeda leaders. But
30、 he wouldnt be drawn on the military request for more troops. There appears to be a frustration that the review of strategy has sometimes been portrayed in black-and-white terms of a massive increase or reduction of troop numbers. President Obama told the group made up of the most senior Republican
31、and Democrat senators and congressmen that his assessment would be rigorous and deliberate. But its going on too long for some Republicans and members of the Presidents own party are dubious about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight. The word
32、 Vietnam is heard more and more on Capitol Hill. The President was certainly right when he said his final decision wouldnt make everyone in the room, or the country, happy. Mark Mardell, BBC News, Washington News Item 3 Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news item This news item is about fragile peace
33、that returns to Gaza. Ex. B: Listen again and fill in the blanks. There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the d
34、eep tracks remain. There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles slung lazily around their should
35、ers. For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run beneath the perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian sider. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these t
36、unnels are their only link to the outside world.Section Four Part 1 Feature report Exercise A: This news report is about the recreation of the prehistoric world in Liaoning, China, based on the scientific findings on fossils discovered there. Exercise B:1. 35 prehistoric animals were created. 2. The
37、y recreated the extinct beasts through the marriage of science, art and technology. 3. The exhibit is not behind the glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors are eye to eye with extinct beasts. It is displayed in this way so that visitors will feel as if theyve stepped into a Chinese forest 130 mill
38、ion years in the past. 4. He says its accurate because every single plant, every insect, every organic feature in it actually represents something that has been found as a fossil in northeastern China. 5. The only thing scientists had to make up is what color some of the animals were. 6. According t
39、o Michael Novacek, birds are living dinosaurs. 7. They study the movements of commonplace turkeys, chickens and ostriches to learn how similarly-built dinosaurs would stand or walk. 8. By using high-tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge gained from the biology of barnyard animals, scientists now
40、estimate the giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower that the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought. Script： Dinosaur Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Technology, Modern Livestock The rolling hills of a province in northeastern China are now terraced
41、for farming, but beneath that farmland are clues to a prehistoric world unlike any seen by human eyes - until this week. Some 130 million years after dinosaurs roamed the Liaoning forest, the world has been painstakingly recreated in New York Citys American Museum of Natural History. The sound of th
42、e prehistoric forest is one of the few things that has been imagined in this 65 square-meter diorama. The gingko leaves, piney trees and life-sized models of 35 prehistoric animals were created through the marriage of science, art and technology, as every detail, down to the sleeping pose of a dinos
43、aur, is based on scientific findings. The exhibit is not behind glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors are eye-to-eye with extinct beasts, feeling as if theyve stepped into a Chinese forest 130 million years in the past. Mark Norell is a paleontologist who has worked in Liaoning, searching for clu
44、es to recreate this prehistoric world. Its accurate because every single plant, every insect, every organic feature in it actually represents something that has been found as a fossil in northeastern China, he explained, so the only thing that we had to sort of make up a little bit is what color som
45、e the animals were. Even though we know some of theme were patterned, but we know definitely that they were patterned, because we can see that is the soft tissue remains, but we dont know what color they were but we try to be a little conservative in that regard, but nevertheless all the feathers yo
46、u see, all the weird tail structures you see, is all stuff we found as fossils. Underneath the gingko trees, a feathered bird-like dinosaur chases on two legs after a large winged insect, the dinosaurs beak-like mouth open to reveal rows of jagged teeth. A sleeping dinosaur tucks its head beneath it
47、s arm, much as a modern goose tucks its head beneath its wing. The museums curator of paleontology, Michael Novacek, explains that it is necessary to understand birds in order to better understand extinct creatures. The reason birds are so important to us is really a fact we werent so aware of 10, 2
48、0 years ago is that birds are living dinosaurs. Theyre not just related to dinosaurs. They are dinosaurs, he stressed. Theyre a branch of dinosaurs, so conveniently enough dinosaurs didnt go completely extinct. One group, the birds, survived. Scientists study the movements of commonplace turkeys, ch
49、ickens and ostriches to learn how similarly built dinosaurs would stand or walk. Researchers even created a computer model of a giant chicken to learn more about the movements of the ever popular Tyrannosaurus Rex. By using high tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge gained from the biology of barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower than th