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1、Improve their listening, speaking, reading and writing ability毕业生姓名：所属院系： 牡丹江师范学院外语系所属专业： 英语专业所属年级： 2004级导师评语：成 绩：指导教师：职 称：职 务：AbstractMost of all the teachers like to provide the students with a lot of knowledge-words, phrases, grammar, usages and so on, They are focusing these thing, especially on
2、 the grammar. Yes, the students do need these, but many teachers forget to teach them how to study English, and how to use it. So when you are giving the knowledge to the students, dont forget to teach them all the abilities of the four skills.Now most of the students do better in reading and writin
3、g English than in listening and speaking. They can read and write, but they can hardly communicate. They can hardly express themselves with their own words. This is partially because of our examination system, and partially of the teaching method . We are not able to change the examination system, b
4、ut we can improve our teaching method.Keywords: Express themselves Examination system The students ContentsIntroduction1.Why do we study English1II. Ways on developing the four abilities22.1 Listening22.2 Peaking52.3Reading8. Writing103.1Translation. Translate Chinese into English.11 3.2 Sentence pa
5、ttern exchanging.11 3.3 Text shortening and rewriting.11. Conclusion11References13Improve their listening, speaking, reading and writing ability IntroductionThe purpose of middle school English teaching is to improve the students four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, with the base
6、 of necessary phonetics, large vocabulary and good grammar, But this is not the final purpose. The final purpose is to lot let students be able to use the language.Why do we study English If a man is only good at listening and speaking, can we say that he is good at English? No, If a man is only goo
7、d at reading and writing, can we say that he is good at the language? No, If a student is good at English, he should be able to use the language, both in spoking and writing. Now most of the students do better in reading and writing English than in listening and speaking. They can read and write, bu
8、t they can hardly communicate. They can hardly express themselves with their own words. This is partially because of our examination system, and partially of the teaching method . We are not able to change the examination system, but we can improve our teaching method.Most of all the teachers like t
9、o provide the students with a lot of knowledge-words, phrases, grammar, usages and so on, They are focusing these thing, especially on the grammar. Yes, the students do need these, but many teachers forget to teach them how to study English, and how to use it. So when you are giving the knowledge to
10、 the students, dont forget to teach them all the abilities of the four skills.II. Ways on developing the four abilities2.1 ListeningThe teachers often speak of the four skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing. That means each of them is important. You cant say that you have mastered the lan
11、guage without any one of them, Listening, one of the means of language communication, is used most widely in peoples daily lives. About 45%of an adults time concerns listening to other people , listening to the radio, listening to the music. In linguistics ，giving the students a lot of listening act
12、ivities is a good way of enlarging their vocabulary. On the other hand, it als o helps the students improve their listening comprehension.I have done an investigation. About 43.2% of the students think that the most bothering and most difficult is listening comprehension, and even some of them have
13、difficulty in understanding their teacher who gives lessons in English.Without question, it is difficult of a middle school student to understand the listening material, if he hasnt enough vocabulary and the ability of telling the grammar construction. In my investigation, about 35% of the students
14、with low listening comprehension thing this is because they dont understand or know the knowledge about linguistic, they are not able to tell the means of a what they have heard. In my another investigation, students were asked to listen to a dialogue of 244 words, in which the words and grammar hav
15、e already been learned. ;But 80% of them thought it was too difficult. Then, using the same dialogue as a reading comprehension material, I found only 5% of them thought it was a little difficult, on the other hand the response ability is also another reason.It is clear that the reading speed of a m
16、aterial also affects. About 43% of the students thought that the material was read too fast and they couldnt follow.A lot of students have their own listening habits. Some students often tries to understand each word or each sentence. They will think hard when they meet some difficult words or sente
17、nces, and a great many students could understand the material directly, They often translate the English into Chinese in their heart, thinking that only in this way can the sentence be understood. This is also a reason, trying to understand each word is difficult, and it is not necessary at all. You
18、 should catch the most important points.Then how to improve the students listening skill?We know the largest difference between mother language learning and foreign language learning is the environment. A child can soon learn his mother language well. He has heard a lot before he can say something a
19、nd walk. Then after he is able to walk and say, he has a chance of listening to more. Before he goes to school, he has already been a good listener and speaker.But for a foreign language, you can meet it only in formal places, classes, for example, otherwise, you can hardly have a chance to meet it.
20、 So I think you should try to let the students be in a language environment.Let the students grasp the phonetic symbol. I think the phonetic symbol is the base. A good intonation and phonetic depends on the base. Oral reading after a radio or a teacher is a good way at the beginning, Students should
21、 do much about it. Pay attention to the oral reading skill, It includes stress, strong form, weak form, intonation incomplete plosive consonant, affricate consonant, syllable and so on. Training and practicing the oral reading is not a days word. The teacher must give correct information about it .
22、There is no easy way.Enlarge the students knowledge about English. Encourage the students to read something in their spare time about geography, history, culture, stories and so on. For example, there are two materials of the same difficulty. One explains something about Chinas Spring Festival, the
23、other is about Thanks giving Day of the western countries. The former is easy to understand but the latter is more difficult. Why? It is clearly because the students know little about the latter.Both listening test and listening practice are necessary, but practice is more important.You can understa
24、nd your students through listening tests. Only through the practice can the students improve their listening comprehension.2.2 PeakingSpeaking cant be taught separately. It is often connected with listening. So we often speak of listening and speaking.The traditional way of listening and speaking is
25、 aural-oral method. Now, the new method of two-way communication is very popular.As you know that any teaching method has its psychological base. The aural-oral method began in the 1940s. It is based on behaviourism. One of its psychological theory is that learning a language is forming a set of new
26、 language habit.This is its usual process: Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement.The aural-oral method is fit for the teaching of beginning stage. It focuses on the practice of oral English drills. But too many drills are being practiced without any context or given conditions. So what is learned is isola
27、ted clauses. And it has few communicative functions .The two-way communication makes up for the defect in communicative ability in the traditional teaching. Two-way means the relationship of the communication between the teacher and the students.This relationship is connected with the communicative
28、activities between two people. This method is different from the traditional aural-oral method. But it also bases on the process of S-R-R. So we call it a mew type of aural-oral method has some peculiarities.It can create a fresh environment for speaking English.It needs some necessary explanations
29、of Grammar, including some sentence structures.Hints are the major way of practice.Teachers can control the practice wholly or partly.The practice can also be controled by students freely. The internal force of study is not due to the insterests in phonetic structure, but the content of the material
30、.To make the correct response, the students are asked to pay more attention.Example:Teacher: Ask me if I am a student.Student: Are you a student?T: Tell me-No, Youre a teacher.S: No, Im a teacher.In this example, Ask me means that the student must say a question sentence while Tell me shows that the
31、 student must say a decarative sentence. But before doing this, the teacher must explain something about the exchange of interrogative sentence and declarative sentence.The two-way communication can lengthen the dialogue limitlessly. This is its advantage. At the same time, if the student wants to g
32、ive the correct response, he has to think it hard, The sentence is not easily forgotten which is ereated by themselves through thinking, sometimes with the teachers hint. You can talk freely. You can express yourself as well as you can. For example:T: Ask me how mang people there are in my family.S:
33、 how many people are there in your family?T: Tell me-there are fiveS: There are fiveT: Ask me what my prreuts do.S: What do your parents do?T: tell me-your father is a teacher and your mother works in a company.S: My father is a teacher and my mother words in a company.T: Ask me if my father likes h
34、is job.S: Does your father like his job.T: Tell me - Sure, he likes teaching very much.S: Sure, he likes teaching very much.All these responses form a complete dialogue.A: How many people are there in your family ?B: There are five.A: What do your parents do ?B: My father is a teacher and my mother
35、works in a company.A: Does your father like his job ?B: Sure, he likes teaching very much.If you want to ask more about father or other family members, the dialogue can go on as far a possible. So, in a word, the aural-oral method is not a out-of-date one, but a useful one. Especially it is fit for
36、the beginning stage. It attaches the importance to the oral drills, and has a bad communicative function. It is only used to aphonetic base. After all, the aim of the language learning is to communicate. So the two-way comunication is more effective and direct, but it is also fit for the beginning s
37、tage.2.3.ReadingReading is an important way of gaining information in foreign language learning, It is a basic skill for a foreign language learner. There is a lot of reading exercises in an examination today. But all these readings must be done in limited time. So students are asked to read them co
38、rrectly and with a certain speed. To do this, you should change your bad reading habit and raise your reading efficiency.New words prevent you from reading fast. One way to overcome this problem is to guess. There are many ways to guess the meaning of a new word. First you should find some hints. Co
39、ntext, some phrases, such as means, refer to, in other words, That is to sag; are all the hints. Some one reads word by word. Some one reads with his finger pointing to the words or with his head shaking. Those are all bad habits. You should read phrase by phrase. Dont blink your eyes so often and d
40、ont shake you head. Just move your eyeball. Thats enough. If you want to get more word information, there must be a proper distance between your eyes and the reading material. I think browsing is an important step while you are doing you reading comprehension.Some students begin to read at once when
41、 he get a reading material, even without knowing, its title. But after reading for many times, he wont understand what the article says.Looking through the material first means forereading. In an examination, you want to grain the information which the questions ask, you cant read the material in a
42、usual way, you cant read the whole material word by word. You gad have to omit some sentence, sometimes even a whole paragraph, which have nothing to do with the questions. I think you might read the given questions fast as well, then the material. There is an advantage to do this. When you read the
43、 material with the questions, you can save your time.Model:A Festival Atmosphere.At midnight on New Years Eve, people in Rome, Italy, throw out all the things they no longer want. The streets are filled with old chairs, beds, clothes and dishes.In Madrid, Spain, the new Year comes in more quietly. P
44、eople come to the main souare. Each holds a bag of grapes (葡萄). As the clock strikes twelve, the people eat the grapes-one for each stroke.In Tokyo, capital of Japan, people eat noodles in New Years Eve. This food is said to bring long life. Early the next morning, some Japanese families climb Mount
45、 Fuji, There they watch the first sunrise of the new So when you have the first glance over the article, youve got the key to question No.1. After your glance, these things have been put into your brain:Rome-throw out-are filled with-Madrid-quietly-main square-grapes-one for each strokeTokyo-noodles
46、-bring long life-climb MountFuji-first sunriseNow, you may have some idea of the out line of the article, Then you may read the whole material. WritingWriting is one way of providing variety in classroom procedures. It provides a student with physical evidence of his achievements and becomes a cours
47、e whereby he can measure his improvement. It helps to consolidate the students grasp of vocabulary and structure, and complements the other language skills.Sentence is the base of an article. So we should begin our writing with sentences. First, students should be asked to express with sentences-sen
48、tences making, then to write short articles. 3.1Translation. Translate Chinese into English. First, they should learn the five basic sentence drills. Then choose some typical sentences in the text as models, do sentence making after these models. 3.2 Sentence pattern exchanging. By rewriting the sentences, practise expressing the same meaning with different patterns. 3.3 Te