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1、2008年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案Part I Writing (30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Thats enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“Id watched him for a l
2、ittle while and my son was the fourth or fifth child hed shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, No, we dont push,” What happened next was unexpected.“The boys mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming ov
3、er to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult en
4、ough. Dealing with other peoples children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sisters house its encouraged. For her, its about kids being kids:”If you cant do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son
5、 loves visiting his aunts house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. Thats OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when youre talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids arent all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash Univer
6、sity.” But there is still an idea that theyre the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if youre saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then thats somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, its difficult to know whether to approach the child
7、directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“Id go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that we dont do that here is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it
8、up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if theyre there and ask them to deal with
9、 it,” she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:”Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: I know youll think Im silly but in my house I dont want”When it comes to situati
10、ons where youre caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things dont go well, then have a chat.”Therere a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore
11、 as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when todays parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: dont swear, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. Th
12、eyre worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is h
13、ard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“its about what Im doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into tr
14、ouble”. And dad said, you probably deserved it. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our childrens defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other peoples children. You know that if y
15、ou remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, youre going to have to deal with the parent. its admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that its only certain sectors of the populatio
16、n doing the running to the school better educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred, its a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). Were centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat t
17、hem as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchis intervention(干预) on her sons
18、 behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boys mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where shed been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for
19、even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesnt believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other peoples kids. “look at kids that arent your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we dont stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular vi
20、sitors.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boys mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come over to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other peoples children?A) its important not to hurt
21、 them in any wayB) its no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) its advisable to treat them as ones own kidsD) its possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when ones kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel A) discouragedB)
22、hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other peoples kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, A) paren
23、ts are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep, .A) its easy for p
24、eople to become impatientB) its difficult to create a code of conductC) its important to be friendly to everybodyD) its hard for people to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) theyd question the teachersB) theyd charge up to the schoolC) the
25、yd tell the kids to clam downD) Theyd put the blame on their kids8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. 9. According to professor white, todays parents treat their children as something they can be proud of. 10. Andrew fuller suggests that
26、, when kids behave inappropriately, people should not stay silent. Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the co
27、nversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：
28、此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter.B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Ma
29、ke inquiries elsewhere.B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14.A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15.A)The woman possesses a natural for a
30、rt.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isnt good at abstract thinking.D) He doesnt like abstract paintings.16.A) She couldnt have left her notebook in the library.B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) she shou
31、ldnt have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem18.A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isnt easy to find a
32、 qualified sales manager.D)The interview didnt go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administra
33、tive work.20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21.A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees resourc
34、es.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23.A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)
35、It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, y
36、ou will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
37、 Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One26 A)To introduce the chief of the citys police forceB)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)To address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city managemen
38、tB)He is head of the International Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a masters degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local peopleC)To help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to
39、 take prompt action29 A)PopularB)discouraging C)effectiveD)controversialPassage Two30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existence C)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A)it is a sign
40、of human intelligenceB)in improves with constant practiceC)it is something we are born withD)it varies from person to person32 A)how private languages are developed B)how different languages are relatedC)how people create their languagesD)how children learn to use languagePassage Three33 A)she was a
41、 tailor B)she was an engineerC)she was an educatorD)she was a public speaker34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spaces
42、uits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections : In this section .you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are
43、 required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have
44、 written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)_will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)_has appeared on the world(38)_rapidly
45、rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)_. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40)_and auto theft are clearly rising(41)_in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42)_?There are no simpl
46、e answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _These conditions are increasingly observable around the world . For instance, cultures that were prev
47、iously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_36 trend 37 phenomenon 38 scene 39 offences40 murder 41 particularly 42 explosion 43 associated44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has