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1、钛合金应用（Application of titanium alloy）Application of titanium alloyTitanium and its alloys have been applied in more and more fields because of their superior properties:1. Application in hydrometallurgy industryAs a new corrosion resistant material, titanium has been used for more than 20 years in th
2、e metallurgical industry, especially in the hydrometallurgy industry of China. However, it has achieved great success and achieved remarkable social and economic benefits.From the beginning of 70s, Yunnan smelter, Shanghai smelter, Huludao zinc plant and other non-ferrous metallurgical industry pion
3、eered the use of titanium material in electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel and zinc smelting, to solve the serious corrosion problem plagued production and development of titanium and titanium equipment in the application of the success of the enterprise, but also promote the use of Chinas Titan
4、ium Industrial and civil promotion greatly.Since 80s, many domestic hydrometallurgical enterprises have begun to use titanium materials in technical transformation. Jinchuan Non-ferrous Metals Company, Shenyang smelter, Daye Tongling Nonferrous Metals Co, Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Co and other enterpr
5、ises in the past ten years with the titanium content of up to hundreds of tons, the use of these new technologies, new equipment, Chinas non-ferrous hydrometallurgy industry equipment is more close to the world advanced level.Titanium is the main advantage of the application of seed plate in electri
6、c copper and nickel industry:(1) the oxide film on the surface of titanium protects the titanium from corrosion by electrolyte and does not pollute the electrolyte.(2) it is easy to peel off and reduce the labor intensity.(3) the yield is improved by more than 30%.(4) the crystalline structure of co
7、pper is compact and the surface is smooth.(5) the circuit breaker is not easy to break.(6) service life over 30 years.2. Application in aviation and aerospaceThe specific strength (strength and weight ratio) of titanium and its alloy is very high in the metal structural material. Its strength is equ
8、al to that of steel, but its weight is only 57% of that of steel. In addition, titanium and its alloys have strong heat resistance, and can maintain good strength and stability in the atmosphere at 500 degrees Celsius, and the working temperature can be even higher in a short time. However, aluminum
9、 loses its original mechanical properties at 310 degrees C and 150 stainless steel. When the aircraft, missile, rocket flying at high speed, the engine and surface temperature is very high, aluminum alloy is not competent, then the use of titanium alloy is very appropriate. It is because of titanium
10、 and its alloys have excellent properties of high strength, light weight, strong heat resistance, in aircraft manufacturing and use it to replace other metals, can not only extend the service life of the aircraft, but also can reduce the weight, thus greatly improving the flight performance. Therefo
11、re, titanium is one of the most promising structural materials in the aerospace industry and the aerospace industry.Titanium and its alloys are mainly used in aircraft industry to produce aircraft engines and airframe. Generally speaking, the aircraft with Maher number less than 2, the engine uses p
12、art of titanium and its alloy, the fuselage generally use aluminum alloy. The aircraft with Maher number equal to 2, its engine titanium content increases, the fuselage part needs titanium. For the aircraft with Maher number greater than 3.5, the engine inlet temperature is very high, so the titaniu
13、m alloy can not be used, but the titanium content in the fuselage is increased significantly.Titanium and its alloy also has good low-temperature performance, even at -250 DEG C at ultra low temperature, the impact strength is still high, under high pressure shock resistant. Therefore, titanium and
14、its alloys are not only used for rocket engines, missiles and spaceships, but also for the manufacture of engine housings and structural components, as well as for high-pressure containers, such as high-pressure gas cylinders and cryogenic liquid fuel tanks.3. Application in petrochemical industryTi
15、tanium is used to make chemical equipment in petrochemical industry. The selection of chemical equipment is very important, a lot of pressure vessels, tanks, towers, heat exchangers, piping and fasteners and connectors etc. in working conditions, not only to bear a certain load, strong corrosion and
16、 to be subjected to many medium, very harsh working conditions. In this case, the selection of many equipment, such as only on the basis of commonly used stainless steel on the adjustment, can not adapt. The mechanical properties of titanium and its alloys are similar to those of stainless steel,The
17、 corrosion resistance is far superior. Therefore, the important equipment in chemical industry, titanium gradually in various forms such as lining of titanium, titanium steel composite and the application of titanium.Titanium in Chinas petrochemical industry in the application from the beginning of
18、the 80s, ethylene and aromatics extraction unit in Shanghai Jinshan Petrochemical factory and aniline hydrochloride production unit of Lanzhou refinery, the application of titanium solution to the corrosion problem has long plagued production. Subsequently, Shanghai Gaoqiao Petrochemical baling Petr
19、ochemical Industries Co have invested a lot of money, in the application of titanium equipment in petrochemical industry, and obtain good economic benefits and social benefits.4. Application in chemical industryIn chemical production, using titanium instead of stainless steel, nickel alloy and other
20、 rare metals as corrosion resistant materials, increase the yield, improve product quality, prolong the service life of equipment, are of great significance to reduce consumption, reduce energy consumption, reduce costs, prevent pollution, improve working conditions and raise productivity.In recent
21、years, the range of titanium used in chemical industry has been expanding, and the amount of titanium has been increasing year by year. Titanium has become one of the main anti-corrosion materials in chemical equipment. Titanium, as an excellent corrosion resistant structural material for chemical p
22、lants, has established its position and has attracted more and more attention of engineers and technicians.(1) chlor alkali industryChlor alkali industry is an important basic raw material industry, and its production and development have great influence on the national economy. This is because the
23、corrosion resistance of titanium to chloride ion is better than that of common stainless steel and other non-ferrous metals. Titanium is widely used in the chlor alkali industry to make metal anode electrolyzer, ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, wet chlorine cooler, refined brine preheater, dechlo
24、rination tower, chlorine cooling tower, etc. The main components of these devices in the past using non-metallic materials (such as graphite, PVC etc.), because the process performance of mechanical properties, the thermal stability of metallic materials and processing is not ideal, resulting in hea
25、vy equipment, high energy consumption, short service life, and affect the quality of products and environmental pollution. Therefore, since 70s, metal anode electrolyzer and ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer have been used instead of graphite bath, and titanium wet chlorine cooler instead of graphi
26、te cooler has achieved good results.For example, the application of titanium wet chlorine cooler. Salt electrolysis production of caustic soda to produce a large number of high temperature wet chlorine, the temperature is generally at 7595 degrees, need to be cooled and dried to use.The production o
27、f chlorine from salt electrolysis in China has been influenced by the unreasonable cooling process or the corrosion of cooling equipment, and the pollution of the environment has been seriously polluted. The titanium cooler with high temperature and wet chlorine corrosion has been put into productio
28、n, which changed the appearance of chlorine production in chlor alkali industry. Titanium in high temperature wet chlorine environment is very resistant to corrosion, chlorine titanium at room temperature in the corrosion rate of 0.000565mm/a at 80 DEG C; the chlorine water, the corrosion rate of ti
29、tanium is 0.00431mm/a; containing 95% wet chlorine, the corrosion rate of titanium at room temperature for 0.00096mm/a. Many chlor alkali plants have used titanium wet chlorine coolers, and some have been used for nearly 20 years and are still intact.(2) soda industrySoda ash is one of the most basi
30、c chemical raw materials. In the process of producing sodium carbonate, gas medium is NH3 and CO2, liquid medium for the solution of NaCl, NH4Cl, NH4HCO3 and Cl- with high concentration, the use of steel and cast iron material for carbonation carbonation tower tubular cooler, cooler, heat, liquid cr
31、ystal outer cooler main equipment are severe corrosion leakage, the use of life is not more than three years. 1975-1977, Tianjin soda plant and Dalian chemical industry construction company of titanium application demonstration work, the application effect of carbonation tower cooling pipe with a di
32、ameter of 63 mm x 2mm, titanium plate, titanium heat exchanger external cooler, titanium pump, CO2 turbo compressor rotor, Ti-6Al-4V alloy impeller etc. are very good, this is the whole industry with titanium the technological transformation and new three with an annual output of 600 thousand tons o
33、f soda ash plant plays a role model.For example: a soda plant distillation tower top ammonia condenser using pure titanium pipe instead of cast iron pipe. Ammonia condenser is in the process of producing sodium carbonate, the ammonia distillation tower distilled condensation equipment, which is comp
34、osed of two cast iron cooling box, each box diameter 2.5m, high 1.2m, the original is Phi 63 * 6 * 2986mm cast iron tubular 214, two boxes of 428 root. Both inside and outside the pipe are treated with thermosetting phenol formaldehyde varnish, and the outer tubes are NH3, CO2 and H2O steam. The tem
35、perature is about 95 degrees centigrade. The NH4Cl mother liquor in the pipe is heated with the medium outside the pipe. This condition makes the cast iron pipe seriously corroded. After one year, some tubes are corroded and perforated, and the corrosion has been seriously damaged for 2 years and th
36、e use is stopped. In order to solve the serious corrosion problem of cast iron pipe in ammonia condenser, the cast iron pipe was replaced by TA2 titanium tube, the specification was 60 x 2 x 3010mm, and the titanium tube was sealed with O rubber ring between the tube end and the cast iron plate. Thi
37、s is the cooling tower of the first distillation tower in the soda industry of china. Put into production for more than two years, have been pumping pipe for macroscopic inspection, no corrosion phenomenon, the expected service life of more than 20 years, can be extended 10 times than cast iron pipe
38、. Because the titanium tube corrosion resistance, good heat transfer efficiency (cast iron pipe during a 3 year overhaul of the heat transfer efficiency of early, middle, late failure), NH4Cl tube preheating heat recovery to improve liquor, liquor into the distillation temperature, can save a lot of
39、 steam, obvious economic benefit.5, the application in the pharmaceutical industryTitanium as a new material, in Chinas pharmaceutical industry, medical equipment, human implants and other areas of development, but nearly twenty years of history, but it was a great success, and shorten the gap betwe
40、en China and advanced countries in the world.Since 70s, Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory, Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Factory, Wuhan pharmaceutical factory has pioneered the use of titanium equipment in aspirin, An Naijin, caffeine and other products, not only to solve the corrosion problem of pr
41、oduction and development of serious problems of enterprises, the quality of drugs is greatly improved.In recent years, many domestic pharmaceutical enterprises in the technical transformation and VC, VB and other products in a large number of titanium and titanium equipment, which also laid the spec
42、ial position of titanium in the pharmaceutical industry.Medical equipment, surgical instruments and in recent years the rapid development of the field, because the titanium is used as a surgical instrument has special superiority, thus won surgery, ophthalmology, cardiothoracic surgeons welcome, is
43、the direction of development of surgical instruments.Another remarkable feature of titanium is its good biocompatibility, which has been chosen as the ideal implant material for human body. Over the past more than 10 years, countries in the world and many of our research department, School of medici
44、ne, the hospital also made a lot of basic research and clinical research, from the depth and breadth of titanium implant materials for confirmation of the ideal, these years with titanium as the artificial femoral head, artificial wrist, knee joint, artificial dental implant, skull repair, pacemakers and other cases of thousands of records. From these years of research, tracking, comparison and reporting, we can see that titanium is the ideal material for human implants.