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1、常见倒装现象归纳(一) 倒装句简介 1. 倒装的定义： 英语句子中有时把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面, 这种语序叫倒装。2. 倒装的原因： 1) 语法结构的需要：如there be句型，疑问句等。 e.g. Do you get up early every day ? There are 5000 students in this school . 2) 为了强调某一个词或成分： e.g. Never have I seen such an exciting film . Standing outside the classroom is our headmaster , Mr Whit
2、e . 3) 为了使上下文紧密衔接： e.g. They arrived at an old house , in front of which sat a young boy . Ive finished telling my story . Now comes your turn . 3. 倒装句出现的场合： 1) 简单句中 e.g. Only in this way can you work out this problem . 2) 并列句中 e.g. Tom has gone to America and never will he come back . 3) 复合句中 e.g.
3、He told us that nowhere else could we eat such delicious beef . They arrived at a house , in front of which stood a big tree . 4. 倒装的类型： 1) 完全倒装： 把句子的谓语全部提到主语前面。 2) 部分倒装： 把句子谓语的一部分(如助动词，系动词，情态动词)提到主语前面。(二) 完全倒装 1. There be句型属于完全倒装： (1) There +系动词be +主语 e.g. There were a lot of people in the park las
4、t Sunday . There is a book , 2 pencils and 4 letters on the desk . (2) There +系动词seem / remain +主语 e.g. There seems (to be) no point in waiting for him . There remains a lot of doubt about it . (3) There + vi.(live，stand，lie，exist，happen，appear ，etc.) +主语 e.g. There lived an old man in this old hous
5、e 3 years ago . There exist some serious problems in our society . There appeared a red sun above the mountain . 2. 表示地点方向的副词放在句首时，主谓完全倒装： (1) 句型：地点方向副词 + vi.(come，go，rush，fly，run，fall，etc.) +主语 e.g. Out rushed the children as soon as the bell rang . Away flew the little bird . Look ! Here comes the
6、 bus . The door opened and in came Mr Smith . (2) 如果主语是人称代词，那么主谓不倒装。 e.g. Here you are . Downstairs he ran . (3) 注意：这种倒装句只能使用一般现在时或一般过去时，不能用其他时态。 3. 有些时间副词(now，then，often，etc.)在句首时, 有时也用倒装语序。e.g. They all failed . Now comes your chance . My uncle drank some cold water . Then came a smell of sulphur
7、. 4. 表示地点方位的介词短语在句首时, 主谓常倒装。 句型：介词短语+ vi.(lie，come，run，sit，stand，appear，etc.) +主语 e.g. In front of my house stands a big tree . From the distance came a cry for help . (To the) South of the village lies a beautiful lake . 5. 为了强调或保持平衡, 有时把表语(adj. / adv. / prep.短语 / 非谓语动词)提到句首, 主语和系动词要倒装。（表语+be 主语） e
8、.g. Present at the meeting are students who are very interested in music but not good at it . Here is a letter for you . East of Korea is Japan . Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji . Waiting outside is a customer who wants to see the manager . Caught in the traffic accident were 1
9、4 students and their teacher . 6. Such开头的句子： e.g. Such is Lily , a kind and diligent girl . Such were our opinions about the problem . Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight . 7. 祝愿句： Long live ! (万岁!) e.g. Long live peace ! Long live the Peoples Republic of China ! (
10、三) 部分倒装 1. so开头的句子, 表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物时。 1) 常用句型：副词So + be /助动词/情态动词+主语 e.g. He is good at maths . So am I . I like English . So does my sister . I have been to France . So has she . Tom can swim . So can Jack . 2) 如果副词so开头的句子只是重复或赞同前面的内容，则不需要倒装。 e.g. - It is very hot today . - So it is . - Your son
11、 studies hard . - So he does . 3) 连词as也可以表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物 e.g. Our eating habits have changed , as has our way of life . A better understanding of the environment is necessary , as is the willingness to act . 2. Neither / Nor开头的句子, 表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于另一人或物时。 常用句型：Neither / Nor + be /助动词/情态动词 +主语 e.g.
12、We have never been abroad . Neither / Nor has Li Ping . He is not good at music , and neither am I . 如果前面提到两件事情，且谓语动词类型不同，或者一肯一否时，不能单独用so或 neither / nor，需要使用句型It is the same with / So it is with 。 e.g. He likes swimming and is good at skating . So it is with me . Tom likes maths but doesnt like musi
13、c . It is the same with his sister . 3. 否定含义的副词或介词短语在句首时。 1) 副词never , hardly , seldom , little , rarely , scarcely，nowhere 等在句首时。 e.g. Never before have I seen such a big monkey . Little does she care about others . Nowhere else in the world can you enjoy such beautiful scenery . 2) not once , not
14、often , not ever , not a single 等在句首时。 e.g. Not once has my brother been to Beijing . Not a single mistake did he make in the exam . 3) 有些否定含义的介词短语, 相当于never , 如果放在句首, 主谓要倒装。 常见的有：in no way / case , by no means , at no time , on no account / condition , under no circumstances , etc. e.g. By no means
15、 can you lend Tom any money . At no time will he come to help us . 4. 有些否定含义的连词在句首时, 主谓要倒装。 常见的有：nor , not onlybut also , not until , hardlywhen , no soonerthan e.g. 1) Without international cooperation , developing countries cant prosper , nor will sustainable development be possible . 2) Not only
16、is he good at English , but also he speaks French fluently . 3) Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation . 4) Hardly / No sooner had Tom arrived when / than his uncle telephoned him . (此句型中主句常用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时) 5. Only修饰副词, 介词短语, 状语从句在句首时。 e.g. 1) Only later / then did the worl
17、d recognize his greatness . 2) Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth . 3) Only if you follow my advice will you be able to complete the project . 注：Only修饰主语时，主谓不倒装。 e.g. Only five students have finished the homework on time . 6. 在so / such that引导的结果状语从句中, 若把so / such部分提到句首,则主句要倒装。 e
18、.g. So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it . Such a good student is Li Ping that he is often praised by the teachers . So many mistakes did he make that he failed the exam . 7. if引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had , should时, 可以省去if , 再把were, had , should提到句首, 变为倒装句。 e.g. Were I you (= If I were you), I
19、 would give an AIDS patient a hug . Had you told (= If you had told) him about the danger , he wouldnt have been hurt . Were he to fail (= If he were to fail) the exam tomorrow , he would try again . Should a fire break out (= If a fire should break out) , please sound the alarm . 注：如果if条件句是否定句，倒装时不
20、能将not提前。 e.g. Had you not (= If you had not) lent Bob any money , nothing would have happened . Were it not for the rain (= If it were not for the rain) , the crops would die . 8. 祝愿句：May +主语+动词原形 e.g. May you succeed ! (= Wish you success !) May the poor old man live happily ! (四) 异常语序 ：有些句型中，要把某个成
21、分提到句首，但主谓并不倒装。 1. as引导的让步状语从句：1) as从句中谓语为系表结构时，要把作表语的形容词或名词提到as前(若表语是单数可数名词，须省略a / an)。e.g. Young as he is，he has a good knowledge of medicine .Strange as it sounds，it is very helpful . Pupil as she is，she often helps the disabled .2) as从句中谓语是实义动词+副词时，要把副词提到as前。e.g. Hard as Li Ping works , he failed
22、 this exam .3) as从句中如果没有副词，就把实义动词提到as前。e.g. Try as he might , he didnt pass the test . Succeed as they did , they had paid a lot .4) 注意：连词though引导的从句可以和as从句一样，但也可不提前。although的从句一定不能提前。e.g. Fast though / as he ran，he couldnt catch the bus . Although / Though he run fast，he couldnt catch the bus . 2.
23、whatever / no matter what，however / no matter how 引导让步状语从句时，要和所修饰的名词或形容词、副词一起提到主语前。e.g. However / No matter how poor he himself is , he often helps others .Whatever / No matter what reasons you have , you should come on time . However / No matter how much progress youve made , you shouldnt forget th
24、e help of your teachers and classmates . 3. The more，the more句型中，要把the more修饰的名词、形容词或副词一起提到句首。e.g. The more you listen to English , the easier it becomes .The fewer mistakes you make , the higher score youll get .The farther away the feeding station is , the slower the bees dance is . 4. 感叹句中, what和how 感叹的名词、形容词或副词要提到主语前。e.g. What a good student he is ! How important a meeting it is ! What great fun it is to go skating on real ice ! What a silly mistake you have made ! How kind it is of you to help us !How quickly that car runs !- 5 -