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1、2012届高考英语二轮专题强化阅读综合能力培养精选（十三）A(2011河南洛阳市检测)Sons who have fond childhood memories of their fathers are more likely to be emotionally stable in the face of daytoday stresses, according to psychologists (心理学家) who studied hundreds of adults of all ages.“As our study shows, fathers do play a unique and
2、important role in the mental health of their children much later in life，” Psychology professor Melanie Mallers of California State University said.For this study, 912 adult men and women between the ages of 25 and 74 completed short daily telephone interviews about that days experiences over an eig
3、htday period. The interviews focused on the participants psychological and emotional distress (i.e., whether they were nervous, sad, etc.) and if they had experienced any stressful events that day.The participants were also required to answer questions such as, “How would you rate your relationship
4、with your mother during the years when you were growing up？” and “How much time and attention did your mother give you when you needed it？” The same questions were asked about fathers.People who reported they had a good motherchild relationship reported three percent less psychological distress comp
5、ared to those who reported a poor relationship, according to Mallers.Men who reported having a good relationship with their father during childhood were more likely to be less emotional when reacting to stressful events in their current daily lives than those who had a poor relationship, according t
6、o her findings.Also, the quality of mother and father relationships was significantly associated with how many stressful events the participants faced on a daily basis. In other words, if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents, they reported more stressful incidents over the eightd
7、ay study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.Mallers theorized why healthy or unhealthy relationships may have an effect on how people handle stress as adults. “Perhaps having caring parents equips children with the experiences and skills necessary to more successfu
8、lly navigate their relationships with other people throughout childhood and into adulthood.” she said.语篇解读：最新研究发现，孩提时父母与子女的关系会影响孩子成人以后处理压力的能力。18What can we know about the recent study from the passage?AIt was led by Melanie Mallers.B912 adults who were over twentyfive joined in it.CIt lasted as long
9、 as eight days.DIt was funded just by California State University.解析：细节理解题。从文中第三段第一句可知该研究进行了8天，故选C项。根据第三段第一句可知，B项不对；A、D两项在文中没有信息支持。 答案：C19Which of the following may the participants be asked about in telephone interviews?ATheir physical condition.BTheir parenting skills.CTheir emotional distress and
10、 stressful events.DTheir childhood relationships with teachers.解析：细节推断题。结合第三段最后一句和第四段的内容可知，被调查人员有可能被问到他们的感情困扰和有压力的事情。故选C项。答案：C20Which of the following statements is TRUE?AMany people with good parentchild relationships still cant keep emotionally stable in stressful incidents.BMen with a good mother
11、child relationship were more likely to be emotionally stable when reacting to stressful events.CWomen were better at getting along with their parents than men when they were young.DPeople with good childhood relationships with parents suffered less stressful incidents.解析：细节理解题。根据第七段“In other words,
12、if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents, they reported more stressful incidents over the eightday study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.”可判断选D。答案：D 21What can be concluded from the findings of the study?AChildhood memories of parents have a l
13、asting effect on ones ability to handle stress.BAdults with good childhood relationships with parents will live happily and successfully.CThe motherchild relationship is more important than the fatherchild relationship.DThe quality of parentchild relationships determines how people handle stress as
14、adults.解析：推理判断题。从文章第一段和接下来对研究内容和研究结论的描述可知，孩提时与父母间的相关记忆可以影响一个人处理压力的能力。D项错在determines的说法过于绝对。答案：AB(2011东北三校第一次联考)If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗码) are another. In a cod
15、e each word is written as a secret code word or a code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he s
16、ent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washingtons spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military action. In World War ， the Americans “broke” or figured out Japans most important navy codes and got enough information to destr
17、oy a powerful Japanese fleet.Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much is paid for the goods or when they are added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy fi
18、guring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (占星家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the tr
19、ellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message thro
20、ugh the holes. There he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.(语篇解读：密码和暗码有效地保护着秘密，无论是在战火纷飞的前线，还是在没有硝烟的商场，它们的作用都功不可没。有人甚至把它当做个人爱好，其乐无穷。)22The best title of thi
21、s passage would be _.ACodes and ciphersBDifferences between codes and ciphersCHistory of codes and ciphersDInventors of codes and ciphers解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了本文的中心话题，密码和暗码是有效保护秘密的两种方式，所以A项最能概括文章大意。答案：A23Which of the following statements is TRUE?ACiphers can be broken or figured out more easily than code
22、s.BYou could read some words in Geronimos letter without his trellis.CThe first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.DFondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 1600s.解析：正误判断题。最后一段倒数第二句提到Geronimo拿掉框架，然后在纸张的空白部分填满有意义的内容，由此可推断没有框架也可以读他的信件。答案：B24According to Ge
23、ronimo Gardano, a trellis is _.Aa piece of paper with many small holesBa secret message with a lot of small holesCa letter with unreadable words and sentencesDa sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures解析：推理判断题。最后一段的第四、五两句提到他将两张纸剪成同样的框架，然后把其中一张寄给他朋友，这样对方就可以利用这张框架来套读信件的内容，由此可推断A项正确。答案：A25It is NOT
24、 mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of _.Amilitary affairs Bcommercial secretsCscientific achievements Dpersonal enjoyment解析：细节理解题。第二段提到了密码和暗码的军事作用，第三段提到了其在保护商业秘密和作为个人爱好的作用，文章中没有提到其在科学成就方面的作用。答案：CC (2011太原市部分重点中学联考)Mental and health experts believe personality p
25、lays an important part in how we experience stress. Personality is the way a person acts, feels and thinks.Some people are aggressive and always in a hurry. They often become angry when things do not happen the way they planned. They belong to “Type A” personality. Studies suggest that these people
26、often get stressrelated disorders. The “Type B” personality is calmer. These people are able to deal with all kinds of situations more easily. As a result, they are less affected by stress.Studies have also shown that men and women deal with stress differently. Women seem to be better able to deal w
27、ith stress than men are. However, experts say women are three times more likely to develop depression in reaction to the stress in their lives. American writer John Gray became famous for his book, “Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus”. He notes that men and women have opposite ways of dealing w
28、ith stress. For a man, the best way is to rest and forget about daily problems. But a woman suffering from stress needs to talk about her problems.Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress, including deep breathing, exercise, eating healthy foods, getting enough rest and balancing the t
29、ime spent in working and playing. Exercise is one of the most effective stressreduction measures, as physical changes from exercise make you feel better. In addition, exercise can also improve the bodys defense system against disease.Keeping stress to yourself can make problems worse. Experts say th
30、at expressing emotions to friends or family members or writing down your feelings can help reduce stress. And they also suggest that people should attempt to accept or change stressful situations whenever possible.语篇解读：由于人的个性差异，每个人处理压力的方法是不一样的，而且男人和女人在处理压力方面表现得也不一样。让我们一览文章，去看看这种差别在哪里。38According to
31、the experts, _.Apeople respond to stress quite differentlyBpeople make the same response to stressCunlike women, men tend to feel depressed more easilyDpersonality has nothing to do with how we experience stress解析：推理判断题。从文章第一段可知，性格影响人们处理压力的方式，同时第二段提到了A型和B型性格的人处理压力的不同方式，第三段提到了男人和女人处理压力的不同方式，由此可知，专家认为
32、人们处理压力的方式是不同的，因人而异，故答案选A项。答案：A39Compared with “Type A” personality, “Type B” personality _.Acauses more troublesBis less able to cope with different situationsCis more easily affected by stressDtends to solve problems more peacefully解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段中的最后三句可知，B型性格的人对待压力时更倾向于用平和的方式处理，故选D项。答案：D40By sayin
33、g “Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus”， John Gray means that they _.Aexperience emotions in a different wayBcope with stress in a different wayCsuffer from stress in a similar wayDdevelop stress in the opposite way解析：推理判断题。从第三段中的“.men and women have opposite ways of dealing with stress”可知，John Gray意在说明男人和女人处理压力所采取的方式是不同的，所以答案选B项。答案：B41If you want to reduce your stress, you can _.Atake some exerciseBkeep it to yourselfCremain silentDignore the stressful situation解析：细节理解题。从倒数第二段内容可知，处理压力的方法有很多，如深呼吸、锻炼、健康的饮食等，A项是文章提到的方法之一。答案：A- 7 -用心 爱心 专心