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1、1 2005 Nokia File_Name.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials,Nokia BSS introduction,BSS in the GSM network,O,M,C,M,S,C,B,S,C,M,S,B,T,S,A,n,a,l,o,g,X,.,2,5,D,i,g,i,t,a,l,X,.,2,5,A,I,/,F,A,t,e,r,I,/,F,A,b,i,s,I,/,F,A,i,r,I,/,F,BSS 网元统计,BSC 可选功能软件,BSC， TC， BTS,BSS 网元配置相关流程和内容 收集网络信息，确定容量需求 选站，勘察，规划 按照需求确定无线网规模 选
2、取相应的基站类型和配置 计算确定新增和扩容的BSC， TC 主要网元类型： BSC3i TCSM Ultrasite， Metrosite,New Nokia High Capacity Base Station Controller BSC3i,Very high circuit and packet handling capacity up to: 660 TRX, 3920 Erl, 48Mbit/s Modularity for easy expansion Compact size with only one cabinet design Built-in IP connectivi
3、ty for enhanced feature support with IP based interfaces Efficient use of transmission and radio resources with flexible traffic mix between voice and data Swift fault detection and hot standby units to allow minimal system downtime,Reliability and Power in Compact Size,More Traffic Handling Capacit
4、y,Designed for high data usage to ascertain network evolution in GPRS/EDGE/GERAN,30% More Voice and Circuit Switched Data capacity,50% More Packet Switched Data capacity,BSC3i 硬件配置,BCSUBSC Signalling Unit including Packet Control Units CLSClock Mini is for coverage, so NO WBC (too long unit) or RTC,
5、BSC基本操作软件,BSC基本软件包，包含(但不仅限于)如下部分集采模型要求的软件功能： 接收天线分集 非连续发送和话音激活检测 话音信道功率控制 跳频 小区广播 GSM Phase 2/2+ 短消息 * 其余模型内应用软件功能和模型外推荐应用软件功能如后面内容所述,Dynamic SDCCH Allocation,In case of SDCCH congestion, one free traffic channel can be changed dynamically to SDCCH When SDCCH/8 is no longer needed it is changed dyna
6、mically back to TCH Example:,BSS7036,Dynamic SDCCH Allocation,BENEFITS Flexible SDCCH signalling capacity for congestion situations Reduced blocking Increased load handling ability for: Short Message Service, SMS Location Updates Call Establishment Most beneficial areas of use: Airports Train statio
7、ns Conference facilities Other hot spots Network wide service improvements,BSS7036,Possibility to define a list of BCCH carriers to be used in cell selection and reselection by idle state MS. collects statistics about cells, which are not defined as adjacent cells to a cell but are among the six nei
8、ghbouring cells the MSs receive best . BENEFITS: Double BA list provides fast cell selection/reselection process The measurements provide statistics for network optimization (finding all the neighbours that are not defined in active state neighbour list).,BSC Measurement FeaturesDouble BA-List Measu
9、rement of Undefined Neighbours,Radio Network Optimization Statistics:,RXqual statistics RXlevel statistics Link balance on per MS classmark Timing advance statistics,RX Quality Statistics,RXquality statistics results are shown on TRX level. The statistics provided by RXquality measurements give a qu
10、ick overview about differences in UL and DL. BENEFITSRXquality statistics helps network optimization work by giving an overview about interference and hardware problem situations.,RX Level Statistics,RXlevel on per RXquality Results can be shown on TRX, BTS or BSC level RxLev sub-class is settable,B
11、ENEFITS: RXlevel statistics helps network optimization work by giving an overview about interference and imbalance situations.,Link Balance per MS Classmark,The path balance is calculated as a difference between the signal levels. Path balance = (RxLevDL- ms_sensitivity) ( RxLevUL- bs_sensitivity),T
12、he path balance difference between the uplink and the downlink path evaluation is divided into 11 subclasses The balance values 20 dB will be considered as 20 dB.,Link Balance per MS Classmark,Results are shown on cell level BENEFITShows link imbalance problems,Timing Advance Statistics,Results are
13、shown on cell level Shows real cell range Shows where the subscribers are (distance) BENEFITS:Better detection to MS locations improve the handover success rateand call setup ratio.,Directed Retry,Handover from camped cell to neighboring cell after call setup if the camped cell is congested. For mob
14、ile originating and mobile terminating calls. Target cell selection according to MS measurement reports. BENEFITS： Directed retry improves call set-up ratio and guarantees better service for all subscribers. Better signal quality after call has been redirected to adjacent cell,Cell D is selected,C2
15、Cell reselection parameter,The C2 MS idle mode cell re-selection parameter allows fast moving mobiles to better select a cell through which they might expect to receive best service. The C2 is useful in micro cellular environment and also in case of the GSM 900/1800 dual band. The dual band MS can b
16、e forced to select the GSM 1800 cell when available. Can be used in GSM/DCS solutions for DCS cells / office cells Benefit: ensure that MS is camped on the cell which has the highest probability for successful communication,C2 Cell reselection parameter,Macro cell environment,C2 Cell reselection par
17、ameter,Office environment solution,C2 = C1 + Cell_Reselect_Offset - Temporary_Offset * H(Penalty_time - T) where H(x) = 0 when Penalty_Time - T = 0 Temporary_Offset = 0 for all cells Cell_Reselect_Offset = 100 dB for office cells, 0 for surrounding macro cells,Remote BTS MMI,Remote operation of BTS
18、parameters from BSC or NMS/2000. A PC with the BTS-MMI software is used as a user terminal. The PC is connected via RS-232 cable to a service terminal interface of the Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) of the BSC. All the same functions of the BTS-MMI are available remotely as are locally at the
19、BTS site. BENEFITSWith remote MMI BTS parameter modifications can be done easily without expensive site visits.,Handover Adjacent Cell Measurement,Provides the following information about handovers: Location area code HO attempt from cell HO success from cell HO attempt to cell HO success to cell HO
20、 attempt from cell failed due to lack of resources HO attempt to cell failed due to lack of resources The information is gathered from all handovers or those caused by user defined reason(s),BSS 8014,More Information about Handover Causes,With this feature operator can get more detailed information
21、of handovers and it is thereby helpful in cell planning and network optimising as well as in trouble-shooting Up to four specific reasons can be selected to monitor successes and failures of handovers related to these reasons UL/DL strength/quality Good C/I ratio Forced handover Direct retry For bet
22、ter cell Fast moving MS Distance With no reasons selected handovers due to all reasons are measured (default),BSS 8014,Handover Adjacent Cell Measurement,BENEFITSHandover adjacent cell measurements help to get fast overview which handover relations are not OK. Find unnecessary neighbour cell relatio
23、ns and optimize location areas. Easier network planning and optimization,Queuing and Priority,Each subscriber can be associated with priority information, which defines following things: Priority level (0-14) - PL Queuing indicator (Queuing allowed / not allowed) - QA Pre-emption capability (Pre-emp
24、tion allowed / not allowed) - PCI Pre-emption vulnerability (Pre-emption vulnerable / not vulnerable) PVI Queuing: If QA =1, the subscriber is put to the queue to wait if it can be served after a moment. The queue is sorted according to the priority level of subscribers. The operator can define the
25、maximum queuing time and the length of the queue per cell. Forced Handover: If PCI =1 and PL between 2 and 14, the forced handover may occur for the call (PVI =1) already in progress in the cell and released resource will be assigned for a higher priority subscriber. Forced Release: If PCI =1 and PL
26、 =1, the forced release will occur for the call (PVI =1) already progress in the cell.,Queuing and Priority,MS with higher priority can enter the network even if there are no free traffic channels available. BENEFITS Queuing and priority options make it possible to provide better service for high pr
27、iority subscribers.,Enhanced Trunk Reservation,Radio Resources division according to subscriber type Amount of channels can be granted to priority users Static Priority - defined number of channels reserved to priority users Dynamic Priority - defined number of free channels reserved for priority us
28、ers (not dependent on the number of ongoing priorised calls) BENEFITS: New services available for new user segments for example authorities, companies. Guaranteed level of services for priority users; Office solutions, for example Pico Site use,Half Rate,Increased capacity on air interface and all l
29、and lines ! Each radio TSL can be configured to be a FR, HR, or dual rate (DR) TCH. In the case of DR, the BSC dynamically allocates an idle radio TSL either for HR or FR on a call basis.,Half Rate,Cell load based TCH allocation,Enhanced Full Rate,Specified in ETSI A new speech coding algorithm givi
30、ng a better speech quality than the current full rate (FR) coding. Uses the existing GSM/DCS full rate channel coding BENEFITSLandline comparable speech quality for the end users,Enhanced Full Rate,BSS Microcellular Features,Chained cells in rapid field drop Optimization of the MS Power Level in Han
31、dovers Fast moving MS handling in macro cells MS Speed Detection,Concept: Maintain calls in the rapid field drop environment, especially useful in the micro cellular environment. Cells can be defined as “chained” Rapid field drop at e.g. the corner of a building is detected Fast handover to chained
32、cell is triggered,Chained cells in rapid field drop,BSS7031,BENEFITSImproved handover success rate and fewer dropped calls in areas with rapid field drops (typically microcellular areas),Optimization of the MS Power Level in Handovers,Default initial RF power level is the maximum RF power that an MS
33、 is permitted to use on a traffic channel in the target cell. In the case of an intra-BSC handover, the PC/HO algorithm can optimise the initial RF power level so that the RF power level is lower if the radio link properties of the target cell are good. Optimization of the MS power levels cuts down
34、the probability of high RF peaks in the uplink direction after handover or call set-up. BENEFITS: Reduces interference in radio network and improves the voice quality.,Fast moving MS handling in macro cell,Fast moving MSs handled in macro cell, slow moving MSs directed to micro cells Based on the ti
35、me MS has spent on the coverage area of an adjacent micro cell (received measurements from the micro cell) New layer parameters (lower layer, serving layer and upper layer ) - information about cells relation to neighbouring cells BENEFITS Successful handovers between macro cells. Avoid unnecessary
36、handovers in micro cells Better service and higher capacity for fast moving MSs in a 2- layer or multi-layer microcellular network,MS Speed Detection,BTS detects the MS speed by using crossing rate algorithm Indication of the MS speed to the BSC in meas_res message (supplementary information), BSC d
37、etermines the need for a handover Fast moving MSs to macro cells, slow moving MSs to micro cells (to be used with BSS5 feature : Fast Moving MS handling in macro cell),BENEFITSEnables the implementation of the better micro cell network, which on behalf increases the capacity / avoid additional HOs a
38、nd then increase the network capacity,Complete Nokia EDGE solution from day 1,Modulation Coding Schemes (MCS) EDGE with GMSK and 8-PSK MCS-19: MCSs 6, 7 and 9 clearly dominate Incremental Redundancy (IR) (UL & DL) IR greatly improves reception probability With IR the highest MCSs tolerate interferen
39、ce like lower MCSs, but carry more bits per timeslot. Maximum throughput for all connections Link Adaptation (LA) enhancements LA with use of different MCS in re-transmissions GPRS cannot change CS in re-transmissions Maximum throughput and minimum delay (RTT) Dynamic A-bis Allocate Abis resource ef
40、ficiently Fixed Abis may require up to 5 times more capacity than Nokia Dynamic Abis Reduce Abis transmission expansion cost by up to 60%,In Nokia solution all above features are available from day one in both terminals and networks all EDGE features both UL and DL,Coding Schemes and max. user data
41、bit rates,GPRS,EDGE,EDGE,EDGE builds on existing GSM network,BTS,BTS,GSM/EDGE coverage,OSS,Figure describes ETSI release 99 implementation.,EGPRS Territory Method,Territory border moves Dynamically based on Circuit Switched traffic load,Default,(E)GPRS,Capacity,Dedicated,(E)GPRS,Capacity,TS,TS,Only
42、PS traffic,CS traffic has priority,PS can use if TSLs are free,Higher EDGE air interface bit rates may require up to 5 fold Abis capacity,Higher data rates dont fit in 16 kbit/s channels 32, 48, 64 or 80 kbit/s Abis links needed,Nokia Dynamic Abis enables higher EDGE bitrates with less Abis capacity
43、 due to EDAP Pool,One master channel as today for voice and data, no blocking introduced For higher data rates additional 16 kbps slave channels are always allocated as required by the MCS from the EDAP pool Each master timeslot can use individual 16 kbps slave timeslots from the EDAP. However when
44、a master timeslot needs more than one slave timeslot then the consecutive slave timeslots are always reserved EDAP resources are reserved when TBF data transfer starts When at the end of data transmission the TBF is released also the allocated channels in the pool are released Maximal utilization of
45、 Abis resources, due to fact that Nokia Dynamic Abis does not introduce blocking nor RLC loss,TSL 0,TRX 1,TRX 2,TRX 3,TRX 4,TRX 5,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,TRX 6,TRX 7,TRX 8,POOL,Benefit Fixed Abis may require up to 5 times more capacity th
46、an Nokia Dynamic Abis Fewer E1 transmission lines, TRS equipment, smaller power consumption per delivered bit, fewer staff Enables fastest EDGE throughputs with lowest CAPEX and OPEX,Proven Nokia EDGE e2e performance Ave. 3 folds more confirmed by GSM community,Results based on laboratory measuremen
47、ts with Nokia BSS 11.5 and Nokia 7270 device Considerable enhancement to S10.5ED in good conditions In all conditions higher bit rates and capacity compared to GPRS,C/l (dB),Throughput (kbps),0,10,15,20,25,30,35,5,EDGE (EGPRS),GPRS CS-12,40,80,120,160,200,240,Typical voice cell border,Average Nokia
48、EDGE user bitrates with 4 TSL EDGE device, FTP 500 kB download, static, no FH,GPRS coding schemes CS-3 and CS-4,More Data = Less Error Correction,In average 0-30% higher data bitrates for end users compared to GPRS CS-1 & CS-2 depending network C/I values. GPRS CS-3 & CS-4 with EDGE HW Does not fit
49、in normal 16kbit/s Abis TRAU frames and requires dynamic Abis with 2*16kbit/s Requires PCU2 HW,Throughput versus C/I,Note: Simulation results. Figures include FH, IR and LA.,Tri-band Common BCCH (EGSM),The basic idea behind the Common BCCH is to include the GSM900 (both PGSM900 and EGSM900) and GSM1
50、800 TRXs into one cell with a BCCH allocated from one band used in cell. The TCH allocation between different band is made on cell basis by the BSC. New concept Segment is introduced,Benefits of Common BCCH,Allows integration of PGSM900, EGSM900 and GSM1800 TRXs into one cell Provides service to MSs