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1、Lesson 10,The Trial That Rocked the World,I. Aims and Contents of Teaching:,1. Comprehend and paraphrase the text, master the language points, finish all exercises after the text. 2. Enlarge the vocabulary, be familiar with the style and rhetoric devices: pun, assonance, oxymoron, understatement 3.
2、Group work: Presentation: The climax of the trial.,II. Pre-reading questions:,1. Tell something about the author from this article. 2. What do you think of the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists? What did that show? 3. Try to elaborate the views of Darrow and Malone and that of Brans?
3、4. Did John Scopes lose or win the case? 5. What do you think is the message of the article? Why was so much attention paid to this trial?,III. Background Knowledge:,1. Religions God: the Deity, the Divinity, Holy One, Jehovah, the Lord, Providence, the Almighty, the Creator and etc. There is only o
4、ne God in heaven. But the belief in God has developed three religious sections: Christianity, Judaism and Islam.,III. Background Knowledge:,Christianity: Roman Catholic Protestant Orthodox Eastern Church Trinity: the Holy Father, the Holy Son and the Holy Spirit/Ghost, with Jesus Christ as its incar
5、nation.,III. Background Knowledge:,Bible : Name of the Christian Scriptures, the Old Testament and the New Testament. Old Testament: Christian name for the Hebrew Bible, the first portion of the Christian Bible Genesis: first book of the Old Testament which tells the origin of the world and of man,I
6、II. Background Knowledge:,Bible: New Testament: the distinctive Christian portion of the Bible Gospel: Greek word for good news. the first four books of the New Testament. fundamentalism: conservative religious movement. Its aim is to maintain word for word interpretations of the Bible. Nowadays thi
7、s word can apply to other religions.,III. Background Knowledge:,2. American governing system a. Legislature: parliament-Congress and Senate b. Executive: the president and his administration c. Judicial: the Federal Supreme Court,III. Background Knowledge:,3. Civil Law: 4. Criminal Law 5. Jury 6. Co
8、unselor / Counsellor,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p166:,A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. 1. buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper 2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness, torrid, sultry 10,VI. Detailed Stud
9、y, paragraph 1 p166:,The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, 3. counsel: a group of one or more lawyers (barristers) acting for someone in a court of law 4. prosecution: the act of bringing a criminal
10、charge against sb. in a court 11,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p166:,Bryan, the silver-tongued orator three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist. 5. silver-tongued: (lit.) able to give fine persuading speeches, eloquent 6. orator: a good pub
11、lic speaker, a person who delivers an oration (formal and solemn public speeches) 12,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p166:,7. nominee: a person who has been named officially for election to a position, office, honour, etc. a Nobel Prize nominee / a presidential nominee Bryan was a leader of the foun
12、damentalist movement that had brought about my trial. 13,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p166:,Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. 9. involve: to cause sb. to become connected or concerned Dont involve other people in your mistakes. Translate: 不管喜欢不喜欢，我们都被牵扯进去了。 We are all involve
13、d, whether we like it or not. 14,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p166:,Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. 10. testify: to make a solemn statement, esp. under oath in a court of l
14、aw, of what is true 翻译：证人在法庭上作证。 The witnesses testify / give evidence in the law court. 15,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p166:,More than 100 reporters were on hand , 11. on hand: available, present, cf: within reach: the distance one can reach at hand: near in time or place 16,VI. Detailed Study,
15、 paragraph 2 p166:,Always have your dictionary on hand / within reach / at hand when you study. 翻译：1. 请于12点正出席。 2. 我现在手头有很多重要工作 1. Please be on hand at 12 sharp. 2. I have a great deal of important work on hand. 17,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p166:,Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm
16、round my shoulder as we were waiting for 12. reassure: comfort and make free from fear The doctor reassured the sick man about his health. assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; promise The captain assured the passengers that there was no danger. 18,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p167:,T
17、he case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master 13. erupt: (of a volcano) to explode and pour out fire Here, emerge, happen quickly, come down upon unexpectedly and violently; Paraphrase: I was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair. 19,VI. Detailed Study, parag
18、raph 1 p167:,The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament. 14. adhere to: to favour strongly, stick firmly to; The wallpaper wont adhere to the ceiling. They adhere to the contract. 20,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p167:, and the state legislature had recently passe
19、d a law prohibiting the teaching of any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible. 15. prohibit: to forbid, to ban to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors FORBID is more direct and familiar, while PROHIBIT is more formal or official; 21,VI. Detailed Study,
20、paragraph 4 p167:,Then you have been violating the law. 16. violate: to disregard or act against sth. solemnly promised, break This is considered as a violation of the Constitution. If you violate someones privacy or peace, you disturb it. 22,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 6 p167:,Lets take this thin
21、g to court, he said, and test the legality of it. 17. legality: the condition of being lawful; lawfulness The legality of this action will be decided by the court. 23,VI. Detailed Study, last paragraph p167:,When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowbal
22、l into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history. 18. indict: to indict sb. for a crime means to charge them with it officially Five men were caught at the scene and indicted. 24,VI. Detailed Study, last paragraph p167:,cf: accuse, charge, prosecute, blame One accuses sb. of cheating. One charg
23、es sb. with cheating. One prosecutes sb. for theft. One blames sb. for the failure. 25,VI. Detailed Study, last paragraph p167:,least of all: to an insignificant degree Nobody need worry, you least of all/ least of all you. Least of all would I lie to you. 翻译：没人感到高兴，尤其是Jenny. Nobody seemed amused, l
24、east of all Jenny. 26,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p168:,the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere. take on: begin to have (a particular quality, appearance, etc), assume sth. He has taken on some irritating mannerism. Her eyes took on a hurt expression
25、. 27,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p168:,The buildings along the main street were festooned with banners. 20. festoon: If you festoon sth. with decorations, lights or other things, you spread or hang these things over it in large numbers in order to decorate it. The garden was festooned with colou
26、red lights. 28,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p168:,The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs, religious books and watermelons 21. sprout: to grow or come out, appear and spread rapidly n. new growth of a plant, shoot 翻译：豆芽， 竹笋 bean sprout
27、s / bamboo shoots 22. rickety: weak in joints and likely to break、 29,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p168:,Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby. 23. evangelist: one who preaches the gospel (good news) 24. exhort: urge earnestly or advise strongly sb. to do sth. to exhort sb. to do good
28、/ to work harder, etc. 30,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p168:, fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the “infidel outsiders Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. had never been out of his native county. 25. cheer: support and encourage, shout in praise, app
29、roval or support 26. infidel: (old beg He appealed to me for help. 2) v. please, attract, interest Peking Opera is too old-fashioned to appeal to people any longer. 53,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p171:,64. intellect, intellectual, intelligence, intelligent intellect: the ability to understand or
30、 deal with ideas and information, the ability to reason rather than to feel or act. intellectual: adj. concerning the intellect, able to show unusual reasoning powers n. a person who works and lives by using his mind. 54,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p171:,intelligence: a. ability to learn and und
31、erstand quickly b. information gathered by the government or the army about their countrys enemies and their activities. 翻译：智商： intelligence quotient (IQ) intelligent: having or showing powers of reasoning or understanding. 55,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p171:,An Intellectual or Intellectual per
32、son is one who has developed his brain and is highly educated. One can be very intelligent / have great intelligence, without knowing much. A small child with a clever quick mind is intelligent but he can hardly be an intellectual. 翻译：知识分子 56,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p171:,65. duel: unlawful
33、fight between two persons who have quarrelled, usu. with swords or pistols, at a meeting arranged and conducted according to rules, in the presence of two other persons called seconds. 57,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p171:,There is never a duel with the truth, he roared. “The truth is eternal, im
34、mortal and needs no human agency to support it! 66. agency: Truth does not need any human influence to support it. 67. mortal: n. a human being as compared with a god, a spirit, etc. All human beings are mortal. adj. causing death; fatal a mortal wound, enenmy, hatred, 58,VI. Detailed Study, paragra
35、ph 3 p171:,When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence. 69. momentary: transitory
36、, lasting for a very short moment 70. hush: silence, stillness, quiet, calm 71. rule: decide officially 59,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 4 p171:,One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT INSIDE. (This was J. R. Darwins everything to Wear Store.) One entrepreneur rented a shop window to display an ape. Spe
37、ctators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.74. ponder: to consider, to think about sth. carefully Give me a few days to ponder over it.,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 5 p171:,The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, ” a reporter noted, afraid it might
38、be true. 75. brute: a) an animal, esp. one that you feel sorry for b) stupid, animal-like or cruel person, 76. cower: to bend low and draw back as from fear, pain, shame, cold etc. coward: a person unable to face danger because he lacks courage 61,VI. Detailed Study, last paragraph p171:,Mencken wro
39、te sulphurous dispatches sitting in his Pants with a fan blowing on him, 77. sulphur: AmE. sulfur. 硫磺 sulphurous: scathing, harsh 78. dispatch: a report sent by a journalist who is in a different town or country. I picked up the paper and read a dispatch from a correspondent in New York. 62,VI. Deta
40、iled Study, paragraph 1 p172:,2 000 spectators sat on wooden benches or squatted on the grass, perched on the tops of parked cars or gawked from windows.81. squat: to sit on ones heels, or on the ground with the legs drawn up close to the body 82. perch: rest, stand or sit on the edge of sth. that i
41、s not intended to be a seat. 83. gawk: look at sth. in a foolish way 63,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p172:,84. spring: to bring forward suddenly, to produce as a surprise He sprang his marriage on his parents. The film made her spring into fame. He sprang a new proposal. 64,VI. Detailed Study, pa
42、ragraph 2 p172:,Because of the wording of the anti-evolution law, the Bible must be interpreted literally. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence. 85. to spring ones trump card: to make use of ones most valuable resource suddenly Hearts (spades, clubs, diamond
43、s) are trumps. 65,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 3 p172:,Bryan was suspicious of the wily Darrow, yet he could not refuse the challenge. 87. wile: a trick intended to deceive, skill in outwitting wily: full of wiles, cunning, crafty The serpent by his wiles persuaded Eve to eat the apple. 66,VI. Deta
44、iled Study, paragraph 3 p172:,He had campaigned against Darwinism in Tennessee even before passage of the anti-evolution law 88. campaign: a series of planned activities to gain a special object a political / advertising campaign 89. passage: passing of a bill so that it becomes law. 67,VI. Detailed
45、 Study, paragraph 3 p172:,Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. 90. resolute: fixed in determination or propose, firm 91. strode: walk with long steps 92. repel: to drive back by force, rebuff to repel an attack 68,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 4 p
46、172:,he acknowledged believing the Bible literally, and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent Amens “. 93. punctuate: to interrupt from time to time 94. Amen: may this be true, so be it 95. enquire, inquire: question 69,VI. Detailed Study, last paragraph p172:,Bryan mopped his bald d
47、ome in silence. There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful. 99. snigger: (AmE snicker) to laugh in a disrespectful more or less secret way cf: giggle, snort 70,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 1 p173:,Darrow twirled his spectacles as he pursued the questioning. He asked if Bryan believ
48、ed literally in the story of Eve. Bryan answered in the affirmative. 100. twirl: to turn round/spin quickly 101. pursue: to follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, or defeat The poet pursued fame all his life. 71,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p173:,And you believe that God punished the serpent
49、 by condemning snakes for ever after to crawl upon their bellies? 102. condemn: a. to declare sb. to be wrong or evil Most people condemn nuclear war. b. to sentence, to state the punishment 翻译：法官判处罪犯入狱10年. The judge condemned the criminal to ten years in jail. 72,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 2 p17
50、3:,cf: Condemn carries very strong judicial connotations. It implies a final decision or a definitive judgement. Denounce adds to condemn the implication of public declaration. When meaning to criticise, the two words are similar in usage. 73,VI. Detailed Study, paragraph 5 p173:,Bryan turned livid.