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1、名词性从句,Grammar,Noun Clause,吕雪华2018.3.27,1,课堂教育,Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences?,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,2,课堂教育,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于 名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、 表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此
2、根据它在 句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,一，名词性从句的基本用法,3,课堂教育,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,4,课堂教育,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know
3、 about the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,宾语,5,课堂教育,1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. 2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. 3. This is _ he was often late for school. 4. We all know the truth _ the earth _(move) around the sun.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Practice,That,whe
4、ther,why,that,moves,6,课堂教育,1 That he will succeed is certain . 2 Whether he will go there is not known . 3 What he said is not true . 4 Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5 Whoever comes is welcome. 6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the projec
5、t has not been decided yet.,Subject Clause,主语从句,7,课堂教育,That we will succeed is certain .=It is certain that we will succeed,8,课堂教育,who will give us a talk is unknown at all.It is not known who will give us a talk.,9,课堂教育,宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,They know that the habit will kill them
6、. It all depends on whether they will support us . He asked how much I paid for the violin. He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . I find it necessary that we should do the homework.,Tell the function of the following clauses,2.宾语从句,that, whether，if （ that 常可省略）
7、who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how,连词,10,课堂教育,It all depends on whether you have enough experience.,11,课堂教育,I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smke here,12,课堂教育,当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I
8、 hurt her feeling.,注意,1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,13,课堂教育,I dont know whether or not I will stay,14,课堂教育,I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,15,课堂教育,在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由连词and连接的两个由that引导 的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略. He told me（ that） he would
9、 come and that he would come on time.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,16,课堂教育,a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.,3,17,课堂教育,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me
10、 _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us _.,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,18,课堂教育,The question is whether we can rely
11、 on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late . 表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句,19,课堂教育,The reason why we missed was that I was late for the appointment .,20,课堂教育,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he ofte
12、n lied 2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.,reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,注意点,21,课堂教育,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied 2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.,reaso
13、n 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,22,课堂教育,同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether,1) The idea that computers can recognize hu
14、man voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察) them .,3) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,同位语从句,23,课堂教育,Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie
15、 to make sure of her happiness.,24,课堂教育,Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,25,课堂教育,一、名词性从句的语序,（1） 名词性从句构成有两种,a. That + 陈述句,That light travels in straight lines is known to all.,This is what we are looking for.,名词性从句考点归纳,b. 疑问词+句子的
16、剩余成分,26,课堂教育,(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),27,课堂教育,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that 和what 的选用,that
17、 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,28,课堂教育,that / what,1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher
18、 is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,29,课堂教育,a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,（2）if 和whether 的选用,不能使用if 的情况：,30,课堂教育,1. I asked her _ she had
19、 a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8
20、. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,if / whether,31,课堂教育,（3）其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、 how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,32,课堂教育,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打
21、破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,33,课堂教育,that 可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略,（4）引导词that 的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,34,课堂教育,1.I dont think _ she is c
22、oming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),th
23、at,that/ (that),35,课堂教育,1.同位语从句的格式： 2.能接同位语从句的名词有： 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,（5）同位语从句的引导和辨别,n.+ 连接词 + 从句,order, belief, suggestion, advice ,information等,whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。,fact、idea, news,36,课堂教育,1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He
24、gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.,where,how,that,that,whether,that/ whether / where/ how,37,课堂教育,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一
25、步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,（6）同位语从句和定语从句的区别,38,课堂教育,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into unive
26、rsity.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,AT,AP,AP,AT,Attributive or Appositive,39,课堂教育,He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.,名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should + do, should 可省略,注意点：,40,课堂教育,二，名词性从句五大常考考点,考点一：区别that
27、, what与which 考点二：区别whether 与if 考点三：it与名词性从句 考点四：区别 what, whatever, 与 no matter what . 考点五：名词性从句的语序,41,课堂教育,考点1：A:连接词that与what 的区别,What he said makes me happy. That a new teacher will come is true .,that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。 what既起连接作用, 又在从句中作主语, 宾语,表语 (且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）,42,课堂教育,_ m
28、ade him fail is _ he was lazy. 2. China is no longer _ it used to be. 3. I work in _ is called the Hometown of Nvwa. 4. We express the hope _they will come to visit China again. 5. We all hope _ we will be admitted to university next year, and _ all of our teachers will be healthy and happy forever
29、.,What,that,what,what,that,that,that/-,43,课堂教育,B : what (什么) / which ( 表选择, 哪一个),1. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 8 or No. 9 of Bridge Street. I am not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or Internet. Does it matter _ it was?,what,which,which,44,课堂教育,C : that 引导不同
30、的从句,Do you know the fact that he won the first prize?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,(同从),(定从),定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容,45,课堂教育,考点2. 区别if与whether,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not he is free now. 3. The question is _ this book is worth rea
31、ding. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can master the grammar matters a lot to their homework.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,46,课堂教育,请你归纳,a主语从句 b表语从句 c同位语从句 d.介词后的宾语从句 e.whether or not 直接连用时不用if,只能使用whether 的情况：,请你归纳,47,课堂教育,_ well go camping tomorrow depends on t
32、he weather. 2. The argument _ well have a sports meeting remains to be settled. 3. Im thinking about_ they will support us. 4. We didnt know _ or not she was ready.,Whether,whether,whether,whether,Have a try!,48,课堂教育,1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。 _ is a pity . 2.真奇怪他今天没有来上学。 _ is strange.,It is strange that,That
33、 he made such a mistake,It is a pity that,考点 3 ：it与名词性从句,A:it 作形式主语,That he was absent from school,49,课堂教育,用it 作形式主语的结构,(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It is 过去分词 从句 It
34、is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 (4) It 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎,50,课堂教育,It is widely accepted _ the earth goes around the sun. A. while B. that C. if D. for,that,=That the earths goes around the sun is widely accepted.,51,课堂
35、教育,it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或when从句,B:it 作形式宾语,make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that,I have made it my habit that I get up before 6:30 everyday .,I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down .,52,课堂教育,1. I have to make clear that h
36、e told a lie. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that C. it D. one 3. 他认为从现在开始努力学习赶上他人是有可能的. He thinks it possible _ _,C,that he works hard to catch up with others.,it,53,课堂教育,_ 等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，_等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。,请你归纳,whoever, whatever,Who,
37、what,考点4.what,whatever,who,whoever,Who will take the position isnt decided.,54,课堂教育,1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2._ we need is more time. 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown. 4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,Anything that,Anyone who,55,课堂教育,No matter who des
38、troys the forest will be punished.,（ ）,no matter 只能引导状语从句， ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.,no matter who/what与whoever /whatever,Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ ）,56,课堂教育,考点5 语序问题,1.The teacher suggested that we should pay enough attention to reading and writng. 2. Could you tell me where yo
39、u think the accident happened? 3. Whether you are happy depends on your attitude.,关联词在从句之首，如有插入语， 其紧跟在关联词后，其他一定用陈述语序,_,57,课堂教育,1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting 2. _ I like best is your handwrting. 3. _ I like the book best is known to everyone. 4. I want to know _ major she will choose b
40、etween English and Chinese . 5. _ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with. 6. He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan., .请填写适当的引导词。,that,What,which,Why,where,that,That,先判断是什么从句 2.若是名词性从句，“缺什么填什么” (指从句句型结构与连词之间的关系),58,课堂教育,1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting 2. _ I
41、like best is your handwrting. 3. _ I like the book best is known to everyone. 4. I want to know _ major she will choose between English and Chinese . 5. _ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with. 6. He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan., .请填写适当的引导词。,that,What,which,Why,w
42、here,that,That,三 Homework,59,课堂教育,划出从句并判断从句类型。 1. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 2. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 3. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 4. Whoever breaks the law, he/ she will be punished. 5. It makes no di
43、fference whether he can pass the exam. 6. It is well known that China is a great socialist country. 7. The teacher made it clear to us that we had to work hard if we wanted to make progress. 8. I dont think he will arrive on time. 9. I dont suppose you can do it.,同位语从句,定语从句,主语从句,让步状语从句,5，6主语从句,7,8,9
44、宾语从句,60,课堂教育,Complete the following sentence: 1(他们需要的)_is scientific knowledge. 2.(据说)_ the old man used to be a famous film star. 3. It is the same to us _ (你是否来) tomorrow. 4. Ask him _(他什么时候来). 5. _ (运动会将 在哪里举行) is still unknown. 6. He admitted _ (他错了). 7. Please write down _ (他说的一切 ). 8. It is ve
45、ry strange _ (她不想去旅游).,What they need,It is said that,whether you will come,when he will come,Where the sports meeting will be held,that he was wrong.,whatever he is saying,that she doesnt want to travel,61,课堂教育,选择题：1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 2.It is
46、 good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that 4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what 5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,62,课堂教育,