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1、虚拟语气,Outlook 俱乐部,1,上课教育,陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式 I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使语气 请求,邀请, 命令,警告或劝告等Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 语气的分类,2,上课教育,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求
2、、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,3,上课教育,虚拟语气的主要内容,一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气 时态一致 2. 混合条件句 3. 含蓄条件句 4. 倒装句 5. If only 感叹 二、名词性从句的虚拟语气： 宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式 wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从句,4,上课教育,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分
3、三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,5,上课教育,1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,（与现在事实相反）,（与过去事实相反）,6,上课教育,5.If it should rain
4、 tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,(与将来事实相反),7,上课教育,2、错综时间的虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. 1. If
5、I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。 3. If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。 4. If the weather had been more favorable,
6、 the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。 5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）,8,上课教育,3、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have
7、done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。,9,上课教育,虚拟语气,4、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I wer
8、e to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,Had you come a few.,10,上课教育,5 . If only 要是就好
9、了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,11,上课教育,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again
10、, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.,12,上课教育,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position at this time, I _ (ask) for teachers help .,were not,could be,were,would ask
11、,13,上课教育,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,14,上课教育,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fil
12、l in the blanks,15,上课教育,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,16,上课教育,3. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的
13、动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,17,上课教育,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom have a rest.,He insisted that I (should )be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,18,上课教育,虚拟语气
14、在：在宾语从句中,注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。 表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （我们课后多练习） The look on her face suggested that she _happy He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法
15、按时去那儿） He insisted that he _ the wallet(没有偷钱包).,insist,suggest,(should) practise,was,should be,didnt steal,19,上课教育,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,20,上课教育,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My d
16、emand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,21,上课教育,二：虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 将来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去） We wish our pare
17、nts wouldnt punish us. （将来）,as if, as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样,As if/though和wish用法相同,22,上课教育,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had
18、 happened yesterday.,23,上课教育,2. would rather (that),现在： 过去： 将来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,24,上课教育,3.Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high tim
19、e that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should不可省略),25,上课教育,4. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is str
20、ange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,26,上课教育,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that dru
21、g. A.not take B. hadnt taken C. didnt takeD. shouldnt have taken,Exercises,27,上课教育,虚拟语气,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to
22、 the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,28,上课教育,虚拟语气,6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _
23、 you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,29,上课教育,虚拟语气,9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When
24、a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,30,上课教育,虚拟语气,12.(2003上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A.followedB.would follow C.had followedD.should follow 13.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine w
25、hat I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it. A.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speak C.wouldnt speak D.n
26、ot speak,31,上课教育,三种基本形式,If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.(if从句用过去时, 主句用should/ would/ could/ might+不定式) If he had been here, he would have helped you.(从句过去完成时, 主句should /would/ could/ might +不定式完成时) If I should/were to do the experiment, I would do it some other way. (从句用should/ were to, 主句用s
27、hould/would /could /might+不定式),32,上课教育,if的省略,1. Were you in my position, you would do the same. 2. Had he come earlier ,he would have seen her. 3. Should they attack us, we would wipe them out completely.,33,上课教育,If only,If only you would listen to reason. If only I were ten years younger. IF only h
28、e didnt drive so fast. If only he had asked someones advice. If I could only go to the concert. If I could only/but/just explain.,34,上课教育,I wish,I wish I knew the answer. I wish I had known the address. I wish I were young. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. I wished I knew his address.(发
29、生在过去=I was sorry I didnt know his address.) I wished I were young.(=I was sorry I was not young.),35,上课教育,Would rather,I would rather you told her the truth. Id rather you came tomorrow. Id rather (that) he painted it blue. I would (just)as soon that John had not spoken rudely to me.,36,上课教育,It is (
30、high) time that.,It is time we_(leave). It is time we _(go)to bed. Its high time that you were in bed. Its about time we left.,37,上课教育,Its important that.,It is important that we _ (speak) politely. It is imperative that we_ (practice) criticism and self-criticism strange, advisable, anxious, crucia
31、l, appropriate compulsory, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要的), impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing,38,上课教育,I insist that,I insist that we _ (go) there by bus. He suggested that we _ (leave) early. The judge ordered tha
32、t the prisoner _ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.,39,上课教育,这些动词和名词后的从句为should+V,advise(advice), agree(agreement), decide(decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate(indication), insist, move (insistence), order, request, require prefer(preference), urge, vote, ask, propose
33、(proposal), (requirement), resolve(resolution), stipulate, desire (stipulation), allow, arrange, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, pray, intend, move, pledge, command,40,上课教育,My suggestion.,My suggestion is that we should tell him. Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible
34、. request command necessity importance motion proposal resolution recommendation understanding,41,上课教育,but for, otherwise, without,The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would have been in time. I used my calculator; otherwise Id have taken much longer. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say? Without you timely help, my daughter would have drowned. ,42,上课教育,