专题三 特殊句式及固定搭配[高教课堂].ppt

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1、专题三特殊句式及固定搭配,考点一,特殊句式,一、倒装句 【典例1】 Only when he reached the tea-house he realize it was the same place hed been in last year.,答案及剖析:did考查倒装。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填助动词did,构成倒装句。句意:只有当他到达茶馆时,他才意识到他去年也来过这家茶馆。only修饰状语从句when he reached the tea-house放在句首,主句要用部分倒装语序,根据语境为一般过去时,所以填助动词did。,【典例2】 At no time they actual

2、ly break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.,答案及剖析:did考查倒装。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填助动词did,构成倒装句。句意:他们事实上根本没有违反游戏规则,惩罚他们是不公平的。at no time意思是“绝不,根本不”。当含有否定词的介词短语位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序,根据语境为一般过去时,所以填助动词did。,名师在线 (1)在英语中,把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句,称为完全倒装句。常见 的完全倒装句有以下几种: 在there引导的句子中,谓语是be,exist,live,lie等表示状态的动词 时,

3、用完全倒装句。 地点状语位于句首,主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时,用完全倒装句。 作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时,用完全倒装句。 表示地点和动作转移的副词,如:here,there,up,down,in,away,out等置 于句首且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。 注意:当主语是代词时,不倒装。如: Here comes the bus./Here it comes.,(2)在英语中,把助动词、情态动词或be动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分 倒装句有以下几种: 当so/neither/nor位于句首时,可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前,构成部分 倒装。 “only+状语/状语从

4、句”位于句首时,主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。 表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语 主要有not,little,hardly,never,by no means,on no condition,in no case, nowhere,seldom,nor等。 在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,将 had/were/should放在 主语之前,构成部分倒装。 hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等引导两个 分句,且hardly,no sooner,not only等提到句首

5、时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后 一个分句不变。 在so.that.句式中,如果so引导的部分位于句首,主句中的主语和谓语需要 部分倒装。 as/though引导的让步状语从句中,将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。,二、强调句型 【典例3】It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.,答案及剖析:that本题考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,此处构成not until的强调句型,应填that。句意:直到将近信的结尾她才提到自己的计划。本题为强调句型,被强调部分为not until near the end o

6、f the letter。原句为:She didnt mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.。,【典例4】 was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.,答案及剖析:It考查强调句型中it的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成强调句型,应填代词it。句意:正是在当地导游的帮助下,这个登山者才得以获救。,名师在线 强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.。在这个句型中,it没有词汇意义,只是引出被强

7、调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词,用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其他成分,则一律用that来连接。被强调部分错综复杂,容易与其他从句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉,如果句子成立,且句意通顺,就是强调句型,否则就不是强调句型。如:It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉It is和that/who,还原为Jane has been living in London since she left China.作为句子完全成立,由此可以判断该句为强调句型

8、。 使用强调句型的几个注意事项: (1)被强调成分是主语,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持 一致。 It is I who am right. 对的是我。 It is he who is wrong. 错的是他。 It is the students who are lovely. 可爱的是学生们。,(2)被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等,也不能用when,where, because,而要用that。 It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to

9、 his research work again. 正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。 It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed. 那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。 It was because of the heavy rain that he came late. 他是因为下大雨来晚的。 (3)被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格,是作宾语的代词时用宾格。 It was he that helped me yesterday. 昨天是他帮助了我。 It was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天帮

10、助的是我。 (4)被强调部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用who。 It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about. 他们谈论的是他们记得的人和事。,易混易错 强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别 1.强调句型与主语从句的比较 强调句型将句子中的it is/was与that/who同时省去,句子仍然成立; 而包含主语从句的句子用that从句代替it,句子成立。如: It was Li Leis brother that you met in the street yester

11、day. 你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。 (本句若将It was 及that同时省去为:You met Li Leis brother in the street yesterday.句子同样成立,因此本句是强调句型。) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou. 我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。(本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou .显然句子错误,因此,本句不是强调句型,that引导主语从 句

12、,it是形式主语。),2.强调句型与定语从句的比较 强调句型中的it没有实际意义,it is/was与that/who去掉后句子结构仍 然完整。但定语从句中的it be和作主语的that去掉后句子结构不完整。 3.强调句型与状语从句的比较 强调句型中的it is/was与that/who同时省去,句子仍然成立;而包含状语 从句的句子it是主语。如: It was 8 oclock when they went home. 他们回家时是8点。 (句中代词it作主语,指代时间,when引导时间状语从句) It was at 8 oclock that they went home. 他们是在8点回

13、家的。 (at 8 oclock是被强调部分,本句是强调句型),【变式训练】 完成句子 1.It was at midnight I got back home yesterday. It was midnight I got back home yesterday. 2.It was in 1998 he was in middle school. It was in 1998, he was in middle school. 3.It was two years ago I began to learn English. It is two years I began to learn

14、English.,答案:1.that;when2.that;when3.that;since,三、祈使句 【典例5】 (knock) at the door before you enter my room, please.,答案及剖析:Knock考查祈使句。分析句子成分可知,空格前没有主语,后面有before引导的时间状语从句,由此可判断,此处构成祈使句,所以填knock。,【典例6】 Work hard you will fail the exam.,答案及剖析:or根据语境可知,此处构成常用句型“祈使句+and/or you will/wont.”。根据句意“努力学习,否则你会考试不及格

15、的”可知,用or。,四、状语从句中句子成分的省略 【典例7】 When (ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.,答案及剖析:asked考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处是由When he was asked for his views about his teaching job省略he和was变化而来,所以填提示词的过去分词形式,表被动。句意:当被问及他对他的教学工作有何看法时,菲利普说他觉得很有趣,值得做。,【典例8】Un

16、less (invite),he wont come to the party.,答案及剖析:invited考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处是由Unless he is invited省略he和is变化而来,所以填提示词的过去分词形式,表被动。句意:除非受到邀请,否则他不会来参加聚会。,名师在线 在以when,while,if,though(although),as,whether,once等连词引导的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,而且从句的谓语又包含be动词时,可以省略从句中“主语+be动词”部分。,易混易错 状语从

17、句的省略条件 状语从句的省略是常见的考点,在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中最为常见。如: If (it is ) possible,I will go with him to the Sahara Desert. 如果有可能,我就和他一块去撒哈拉大沙漠。 The girl is better,though (she is) not yet cured. 女孩好点了,不过仍未痊愈。 If (you are) asked,you may come in. 如果被叫到,你可以进来。,【变式训练】 完成句子 1.It was a nice meal, (尽管 有点儿贵). 2.Genera

18、lly speaking, . (按照说明书服用的话),the drug has no side effect.,答案:1.though (it was) a little expensive2.when (it is) taken according to the instructions,考点二,固定搭配,1.常见词组 as a matter of fact,be proud of,by the way,come from,according to, congratulate.on.,devote.to.,earn ones living,keep ones word,make up on

19、es mind,be concerned about.,catch up with.,keep an eye on., concentrate on.等。 2.特殊固定用法 keep.doing sth.,prevent.from doing.,like doing.,need doing,feel like doing,get sth.done,have sth.done,have sb.doing/do sth.,enjoy doing,succeed in doing等。 3.常用句型 so/such.that.,It is.(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.,The

20、re is no doubt/need that.,There is no sense in doing sth.,neither.nor,either.or,Its ( high) time that sb.did/should do sth.,It is no good/use doing sth.,not only.but also.,It is/was the first (second) time that sb.has done/had done sth.,It is no wonder that.等。,【典例1】 When a new day breaks,the walls h

21、ave given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the night.(2015新课标全国),答案及剖析:to cool;at根据语境可知,第一空处应该用动词不定式,构成adj./adv.+enough to do结构,所以第一空填to cool;根据语境可知,第二空填介词at,构成短语at the same time,表示“同时”。,【典例2】Keep (hold) your position for

22、 a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.(2014辽宁),答案及剖析:holding根据语境可知,此处作动词keep的宾语,构成固定搭配,keep doing sth.意思是“继续做某事”因此填动词-ing形式。,【典例3】 I had an unusual conversation with a woman about physical limitations.Nancy suffered a serious disease and she could no longer walk.,答案及剖析:from考查固定词组su

23、ffer from,表示“患疾病”。,【典例4】 It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014新课标全国),答案及剖析:to reduceIt takes/took (sb.)+.+to do sth.为固定句型,意思是“做某事花费(某人)多长时间”。所以此处填动词不定式。,【典例5】 In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy

24、to fight back. The (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!,答案及剖析:harder考查副词比较级的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成固定句型the more.,the more.,表示“越就越”,因此填提示词的比较级形式。,【典例6】 “Sir,you didnt even ask the other riders for help, why? What I had said no and left you there?”the horseman asked.,答案及

25、剖析:if考查固定句型What if.?表示“要是将会怎么样?”,名师在线 特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的熟悉程度,所以我们要善于积累,牢记固定搭配和特殊句型,答题时注意固定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相应时态的运用等。 代词it在特殊句型中非常活跃,所以考生需要特别注意包含it的常用句型: (1)用在动词 like,love,dislike,hate,appreciate等后作宾语。如: I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌人们满嘴食物说话。 (2)作形式主语或形式宾语

26、 用于“It is+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或that从句”中。如: It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功。 用于“It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 从句”中。如: It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help. 我突然想起我应该向警方求助。,用于“It looks as if/as though.”中。如: It looks as if were going to miss the plane. 似乎我们要误了班

27、机了。 用于“It is+过去分词+that从句”中。如: It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University. 人们相信他将被北京大学录取。 用于“think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或 that从 句”中。如: I make it a rule to walk two miles a day. 我通常每天步行两英里路。 用于 take it for granted that.,bring it to ones attention that.,see to it that.等句型

28、中。如: We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants. 我们认为在餐馆里水免费饮用是理所当然的事情。,(3)构成特定句型 It is/has been.since. It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much. 将近有十年时间他没这么高兴过了。 It was (not)/will(not) be.before. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. 不久他就感受到此处的危险。

29、 It is sb.s turn to do sth. Its my turn to look after the baby.轮到我看孩子了。,体验真题,(2014 辽宁) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jonny:Hey!Im just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me? Peter:I know nothing about it.Is it difficult? Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice.You just f

30、ollow me like this. Peter:OK.Dont laugh 61. me.I may look funny. Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and 62. (soft).Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake. Peter:I cannot control my bod

31、y well.My legs become 63.(pain). Jonny:Keep 64.(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let 65. stay in the air for seconds. Peter:I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer. Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi 66.(call)“shadow boxing” in Englis

32、h.It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well 67. strong.In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The 68.(hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! Peter:Unbelievable!Oh.,69. you dont min

33、d,Ill stop and take a deep 70.,答案及剖析: 61.at考查介词的用法。此处构成短语laugh at,意思是“嘲笑”。 62.softly考查派生词的用法。并列连词and连接两个相同词性的词,由此可知,此处和naturally并列,修饰动词,在句中作状语,因此填提示词的副词形式softly。 63.painful考查派生词的用法。此处在句中作表语,应填提示词的形容词形式painful。 64.holding考查非谓语动词的用法。此处作动词keep的宾语。keep doing sth.意思是“继续做某事”。 65.it考查代词的用法。此处指代上文的your leg,

34、在句中作宾语,因此填it。 66.is called考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,句子缺谓语动词,根据语境用一般现在时;由于主语Tai Chi与动词call之间为被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态。 67.as考查连词的用法。此处构成并列连词词组as well as,连接两个并列的形容词,作 表语。 68.harder考查副词比较级的用法。此处构成固定句型“the more.,the more.”,表示“越就越”。 69.if考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处引导条件状语从句,因此填连词if。 70.breath考查名词的用法。此处构成短语take a deep breath,意

35、思是“深吸一口气”。,对点训练,Passage 1 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once I had a loose tooth,I asked my father,a dentist,to examine it.“ It needs to be pulled out,” he told me.My dad 1. (take)out some tissues(纱布)and I closed my eyes,2. (expect)a sharp pain.I was still waiting for him to pull the tooth 3.

36、 I heard my father say,“Im done.” I opened my eyes and saw my tooth in his tissue-covered hand.I had felt no pain 4. all.I thought my father was 5. magician. The next day at school,I bragged(吹虚) to a friend about my fathers remarkable skill.When I explained that the process hadn t hurt,my friend cal

37、led me a 6. (lie).He said that when he had his tooth pulled out,it hurt a lot.I talked to my father about this and there was not a single mystery 7. ( leave) after my fathers 8. (explain) :my tooth had been ready to be pulled out,while my friends had not. “I m going to be a dentist,” I declared.Year

38、s later,the dream of a child has not faded 9. actually grown firmer.Now I realize that it is necessary to work hard to make my dream 10.(realize).,答案及剖析: 1.took考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境用一般过去时,所以填提示词的过去式took。 2.expecting考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个非谓语动词,根据语境用动词-ing形式,作伴随状语。 3.when考查连词的用法。根据语境可

39、知,此处填连词when,构成“was/were doing when.”结构,表示“某人正在做某事,突然发生另一件事”。 4.at考查固定搭配。根据语境可知,此处填介词at,构成固定搭配(not)at all,意思是“丝毫,根本”。 5.a考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填不定冠词a。 6.liar考查派生词的用法。此处前面有冠词修饰,在句中作动词call的宾语,应表示“说谎的人”,因此用提示词的名词形式liar。 7.left考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填过去分词left,构成“there be.left”结构,意思是“剩下”。 8.explanation考查派生词的用法。根据

40、语境可知,此处应该填一个名词,作介词after的宾语,所以填提示词的名词形式explanation。 9.but考查固定搭配。分析句子结构可知,此处与前面的not构成“not.but.”,意为“不是而是”。 10.realized考查非谓语动词的用法。此处构成“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,realize与dream之间表示被动关系,因此用过去分词。,Passage 2 (2015唐山高三一模) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 My wife is addicted to shopping on the Internet.1. seems that

41、 she cant control herself well,just clicking constantly with the mouse.Let me tell you what happened last night.It was the fourth time that she 2. (shop) online for hours. I had already reminded her 3. (think) twice before buying anything,but my wife ignored what I said and replied confidently,“With

42、 the New Year 4. (approach), preparation is necessary.5.,I havent bought things on the Internet for a WHOLE week.” Hearing her words,I was really speechless.In most cases,the things she bought arent good value for money.Maybe she just enjoys 6. process of buying online. Nowadays,7. the development o

43、f technology,online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.Those 8. stay at home can buy whatever they want.In the meanwhile,it causes a series of 9. (problem).One of them is more spending than before,because people are 10.(easy) attracted by the discount.So how to keep a good state of mind i

44、n front of temptation (诱惑)is an important lesson many people need to learn.,答案及剖析: 1.It考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填代词it,构成“It seems/seemed that.”结构。 2.had shopped考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境用过去完成时,构成“It was the first/second/. time that sb. had done sth.”结构,所以填had shopped。 3.to think考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填动

45、词不定式,构成remind sb. to do sth.结构,所以填to think。 4.approaching考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填一个非谓语动词,构成with的复合结构,由于动词approach所表示的动作是介词with 的宾语the New Year发出的,应该用动词-ing形式,表主动,所以填approaching。 5.Besides考查副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填副词besides,表示“再者,还有”。 6.the考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填定冠词the。 7.with考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填介词with,表示“随着”。 8.who

46、考查关系词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填关系代词who,引导定语从句,修饰先行词those。 9.problems考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式problems。 10.easily考查派生词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填一个副词,在句中作状语,所以填提示词的副词形式easily。,Passage 3 (2015吕梁高三一模) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nowadays,it is widely believed that the Internet plays 1. important part in teenage

47、rs development.It offers undeniable benefits in developing a teens 2.(able) to grow with modern technology,technical ideas,knowledge and other skills. However,3. (use) the Internet,especially the social networking websites,unsafely 4. (put) the teenagers at very high risk for many problems.5. childr

48、en spend more than enough or agreeable time online,they tend to be cyber addicts.As they spend more time on social networking,gaming,and other websites,6. (particular) adult sites,they suffer from cyber addiction,7. can be just as harmful as addiction 8. drugs or drinking alcohol.Teenagers who spend

49、 unhealthy amounts of time on the Internet or online suffer from a condition 9. (recognize ) as Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD).Those who have IAD conditions may experience mental and physical problems.Cyber addiction harms the quality of their lives. Parents should talk to their children and agre

50、e on a list of rules that clearly say when to use the Internet,which sites they should visit and what safety 10. (measure) they should follow.Teachers can also ensure safe browsing of the web at schools and colleges for teenage students.,答案及剖析: 1.an考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填不定冠词an,构成短语play an important part