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1、阿富汗小型水电站点亮万千家庭Eleven-year-old Mohamed Nasim， who is in sixth grade， wakes up at 5：30 every morning to take computer lessons in a makeshift classroom here in Borghaso village， Bamyan Province， northwest of Kabul. He draws a house in Microsoft paint， colors it， and types his name in the corner as his
2、young teacherwatches over his shoulders. The back of Mohamed s hands are dried and cracked by the cold weather.Outside， just in the distance， farmers tend to their wheat， trying to bring in the harvest in preparation for the harsh winter ahead. The mountain peaks in the distance already gleam with s
3、now.Nasim is one of 46 people ?C 28 children and 18 adults ?C benefiting from this computer class. The freshly built room was donated by a local elder， but what makes such initiatives possible here in Bamyan province， where there is no power grid， is the use of micro hydroelectric power plants.Afgha
4、nistan has one of the lowest per capita rates ofelectricity consumption in the world. But though imported electricity has increased and provides more than half of the countrys power， it does not reach Bamyan province.As a result， UNDP has funded the construction of 18 micro hydroelectic power plants
5、 in Bamyan province， with a budget of US $997，000 generously provided in part by the Governments of Denmark， Japan， The Netherlands and Norway and the European Union.These plants are not only bringing tangible improvements to the lives of the people who now depend on them for access to electricity，
6、they are creating jobs for locals， improving relationships with the Government of Afghanistan and providing environmentally-friendly ， and thus sustainable， sources of energy. And in a country where many people depend on kerosene oil， wood and cow dung for heat and lighting， they offer a clean and h
7、ealthy alternative， eliminating indoor smoke. According to the World Bank， nearly 2 million people die prematurely from illness attributable to indoor air pollution from household solid fuel use.Take the power plant in Borghaso. The localshura ?C a traditional assembly of tribal elders and religious
8、 scholars ?C took eight months to build it， at a total cost of $62，064. About 160 families， or 1，120 people，benefit from the 12.7 kw of electricity generated by the plant. Putting the shuras in charge of the projects ensures local ownership， and is the first step in guaranteeing that the plants will
9、 actually be useful and thus maintained by the communities who build them. The shuras not only oversee and coordinate the construction， but they also put in place a tariff system after the plants open， ensuring that they pay for themselves. In Borghaso， the Shura charges a monthly rate of about 90 c
10、ents per light bulb for electricity and $1.70 per television set. The tariff is collected by the Shura cashier. The two electricians manning the station ?C who were trained in the provincial capital through a 15-day UNDP workshop ?C are paid a monthly salary by the Shura， from the collected tariff.
11、The rest of the money from the tariffs is put in savings to be used if the power plant malfunctions at any point in the future.While electricity is now providing a cheap substitute to oil lamps and smoky woodstoves in theevenings ?C reducing household lighting costs by almost 90 percent in addition
12、to indoor pollution ?C people using the plants are also trying to figure out creative ways to make use of the electricity during the off hours of the day. The computer class in Borghoso is one example， although for now the hefty monthly fee of $10 per student in this poor village keeps enrollment lo
13、w.“These days the world is one of knowledge andtechnology，” said Mohamed Hakim， head of the Borghoso Shura； his daughter， a second grader， attends the computer class.“Yes， the fee is a bit much ?C but parents are willing to pay for it， because if not equipped with these skills， our kids wont make it in the work force.”阿富汗是全球人均用电量最低的国家之一，虽然目前进口了大量电力，但是有些省份仍旧缺少电。联合国开发计划署在该地区建造了 18 座小型水力发电站，不仅给当地人民的生活带来了实际改变，也为当地创造了新的就业机会， 改善了与阿富汗政府的关系，并且为居民提供了环保的、可持续的能源。http：es/micro-hydro-brings-energy-to-afghanistan.html