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1、these precious and worth cherishi ng. Second, scientific research situation, grasp theopportunities andchallengesof transformation and upgradingof full completion of the "Thirteen-Five" development tasks, start is cruci al. Focused grand blueprint, must to history of thinking views trend,
2、put associate times forwarng a positid of pulse, steppe d on associateeconomic law of drums, find associate transformationupgrade of path, in grasp macro treGrasp tnd i n the advance science development; to strategy of vision conspiracy to global, always tight bucklenational macropolicyori ented, a
3、ccurate graspCounty love actual, base d overallcaught opportunities, and PCT thought, ensure County economic socialdevelopment always along right track continued forward; to precision of measures seeking breakt hrough, tightlypegged focus task and bottlenestrict implementation,persist in combining r
4、outine supervision a ndcentralized supervision, accurate assessmentTownship departments, strictlycash rewards, prompted the departmentsown implementation at all levels.In working to advance, to truly grasp the Guide, seize t he opportunity, findion and play to ourstrengt hs and take the initiative,e
5、nsure that the start of thenew year tree, newperformance.he Guide , is todock inpoli cy measures toseize t he initiative. Accurate graspof the Central Government, provi nce s and cities to speed up thedevelopmentof new policies and new initiatives with ahighdegreeof poli cy acumen to ca ptureopportu
6、nities to accelerate development. Follow -up to promote the transformation and upgradingof the five great ideas offer a great chance. Five largedevelopmentphil osophy is thedeci sions and arrangements, is the development of a profound change. County-wide at all levelsshould conscientiously study and
7、 implement, implement the five ideas, greendevelopment,open development, on which to share advantages, and actively explorenew path of innovative and coordinated development, changing theconce pt of leading the transformation of development modeof development,promote the development of quality impro
8、vement. Floor supplyside struct ural reform implementation provides an effective strategy for improving thequalityof development. Supplyside str uctural reform is future full deepening reformof plays, to according to "macropolicy to stability, and i ndustry policy to associate, and micro policy
9、 to live, and reform policy to real, and social policy to backing" of requirements, keen grasp Central, and provinces release out of newand fill short Board" five big focus task implementation, prompted County economic transformation upgrade, andcontinued upgrade.Poverty高碑店污水处理厂实习报告本次实习主要是
10、通过工作人员的悉心介绍与讲解，能够使我们更好得了解专业知识，对污水处理现状有个基本的了解；同时也能在了解基本工艺流程的基础上，结合所学的知识，充分认识到当今水资源问题的重要性，为解决或改善水资源问题打下一定的基础。1 简介1.1 地理环境及气候北京市属温带半干旱半湿润干燥季风气候区。多年平均降雨量595 毫米，年降水总量99. 963× 108m 可形成地表径流321.98 ×108m，地下水资源为27. 093×108m。降水量在时间和年度上是极不均衡的。同时，北京市的水资源人均不到300 立方米， 仅占全国平均水平的八分之一，属于缺水城市。按联合国规定的人均水
11、资源丰水线标准(3000m3/人 )和警戒线标准 ( 1700m 3 /人 ) ，北京市水资源量的承载能力为:最佳人口规模92 万人，最大人口规模162. 4 万人。而2008 年北京市人口总量已达1633 万人，为水资源最大承载人口的10. 06倍，已经大大超过了北京市水资源的承载力。在水资源紧缺的前提下，北京仍然面临着水污染严重的问题。北京1 年大概需要30 亿40亿吨的水，城区每年排放9 亿吨污水，现在每年北京各种品质的再生水利用已达到6亿吨，仅北京排水集团每年即可生产各种品质的再生水七八亿吨，也就是说可以解决北京1/5-1/4的水源。1.2 高碑店污水处理厂简介北京市高碑店污水处理厂由
12、北京市市政工程局负责建设，北京市市政工程设计研究总院设计，北京市第四市政工程公司施工。该处理厂是北京市城市总体规划拟建的16 座城市污水厂中规模最大、 也是目前全国最大的污水处理厂，承担着市中心区及东部工业区总计9661公顷流域范围内的污水收集与治理任务，服务人口240 万，占地 1020 亩，远期建设规模 2503340%。万 m/d ，近期建设规模100 万 m/d ，占全市污水处理总量的19841990 年设计， 1990 年开工， 1993 年底建成通水，经过运行考核，出水水质及处理量均达到设计要求。据观测，通惠河下游的水质已开始还清，河水中的溶解氧已升至2these precious
13、 and worth cherishi ng. Second, scientific research situation, grasp theopportunities andchallengesof transformation and upgradingof full completion of the "Thirteen-Five" development tasks, start is cruci al. Focused grand blueprint, must to history of thinking views trend, put associate
14、times forwarng a positid of pulse, steppe d on associateeconomic law of drums, find associate transformationupgrade of path, in grasp macro treGrasp tnd i n the advance science development; to strategy of vision conspiracy to global, always tight bucklenational macropolicy ori ented, a ccurate grasp
15、County loveactual, base d overallcaught opportunities, and PCT thought, ensure County economic socialdevelopment always along right track continued forward; to precision of measures seeking breakt hrough, tightlypegged focus task and bottlenestrict implementation,persist in combining routine supervi
16、sion a ndcentralized supervision, accurate assessmentTownship departments, strictlycash rewards, prompted the departmentsown implementation at all levels.In working to advance, to truly grasp the Guide, seize t he opportunity, findion and play to our strengths and take the initiative,ensure that the
17、 start of thenew year tree, newperformance.he Guide , is todock inpoli cy measures toseize t he initiative. Accurate graspof the Central Government, provi nce s and cities to speed up thedevelopmentof new policies and new initiatives with ahighdegreeof poli cy acumen to ca ptureopportunities to acce
18、lerate development. Follow -up to promote the transformation and upgradingof the five great ideas offer a great chance. Five largedevel opmentphil osophy is theParty Central Committeedeci sions and arrangements, is the development of a profound change. County-wide at all levelsshould conscientiously
19、 study and implement, implement the five ideas, greendevelopment,ope n development, on which to share advantages, and actively explorenew path of innovative and coordinated development, changing theconce pt of leading the transformation of development modeof development,promote the development of qu
20、ality improvement. Floor supplyside struct ural reform implementation provides an effective strategy for improving thequalityof development. Supply side structural reform is future full deepening reformof plays, to according to "macro policy to stability, and i ndustry policy to associate, and
21、micro policy to live, and reform policy to real, and social policy to backing" of requirements, keen grasp Central, and provinces release out of newsignal,combineand fill short Board" five big focus task implementation, prompted County economic transformation upgrade, andcontinued upgrade.
22、Poverty4 mg/L ，并开始出现水生物，水质已明显好转。华能热电厂利用出水作为冷却补充水源83使该地区的农作物及土质，地下水水万 m/d ，东南郊污水灌渠改污水为二级处理出水灌溉，质污染得以改善，产生了很好社会效益和环境效益。在高碑店污水厂一期工程建设的同时，通惠河南岸污水截流工程亦同时建设，以完善该流域污水管网系统。工程于1999 年 8 月完成，流域内3100 万 m/d 污水将全部汇至高碑店污水处理厂。作为一期工程的续建项目，经国家计委及市计委批准，1996 年二期工程正式开工，工程总投资为 11.2 亿元人民币， 其中包括瑞典政府贷款1.73 亿瑞典克郎。 工程于 1999年
23、9 月竣工通水。高碑店污水厂的建成投产，将彻底解决北京市中心区及东郊地区的水环境污染，还清通惠河，是北京市“九五”计划和2010 年远景规划的重要组成部分，将为把北京市建成环境优美、基础设施齐全的国际化大都市作出积极的贡献。同时3100 万 m/d 的出水还可为工农业生产提供第二水源，对于缓解北京市的水资源紧张状况，起到积极的作用。2 高碑店污水处理厂工艺简介与工艺参数介绍高碑店污水处理部分采用的是传统活性污泥法工艺；污泥处理部分采用的是两级中温厌氧消化的处理工艺， 消化后的污泥， 经带式压滤机脱水外运。 污泥消化产生的沼气，主要用于发电，来驱动鼓风机和进水泵。沼气发动机的热水，作为消化污泥加
24、热的热源， 实现热电联供和资源的综合利用。 传统活性污泥法为二级处理工艺：一级处理包括格栅、泵房、 曝气沉砂池和矩形平流式沉淀池； 二级处理采用空气曝气活性污泥法。 污泥处理采用中温两级消化技术， 消化后经脱水的泥饼外运作为农业和绿化的肥源。 消化过程中产生的沼气用于发电可解决厂内部分用电。2.1 高碑店污水处理厂污水进出厂标准根据我国城镇污水排放标准GB18918-2002以及城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918-2002），城镇污水处理厂主要处理的城镇污水，指城镇居民生活污水，机关、学校、医院、 商业服务机构及各种公共设施排水，以及允许排入城镇污水收集系统的工业废水和初期雨水等。
25、根据城镇污水处理厂排入地表水域环境功能和保护目标，以及污水处理厂的处理工艺， 将基本控制项目的常规污染物标准值分为一级标准、二级标准、三级标准。 一级标准分为A 标准和 B 标准，详细指标如下表1（高碑店污水处理厂主要以生产二级处理水位精品文档主）。表 1 基本控制项目最高允许排放浓度（日均值）单位 mg/L序基本控制项目一级标准二级三级号A 标准B 标准标准标准1化学需氧量（ COD）50601001202生化需氧量（ BOD5）102030603悬浮物（ SS）102030504动植物油135205石油类135156阴离子表面活性剂0.51257总氮（以 N 计）1520-8氨氮（以 N
26、计）5（ 8）8（ 15）25（ 30）-总磷（以2005 年 12 月 31 日前建设的11.53592006 年 1 月 1 日起建设的0.5135P 计）10色度（稀释倍数）3030405011pH6-912粪大肠菌群数（个 /L ）103104104-2.2 工艺简介高碑店污水处理厂采用传统活性污泥法二级处理工艺： 一级处理包括格栅、 泵房、曝气沉砂池和矩形平流式沉淀池； 二级处理采用空气曝气活性污泥法， 经处理后的水排至通惠河，对还清通惠河也具有重要的作用。 污泥处理采用中温两级消化工艺， 消化后经脱水的泥饼外运作为农业和绿化的肥源。消化过程中产生的沼气，用于发电可解决厂内 20用电
27、量。厂内还有 1 万立方米 / 日的中水处理设施，处理后的水用于厂内生产及绿化浇灌。2.3 工艺参数二期设计处理水量 100 万 m3/d ，进、出水水质情况为： 进水 SS 250 mg/L ，BOD5 200 mg/L， COD 500 mg/L；出水 SS 30 mg/L ， BOD5 16 mg/L 。进水泵房包括新建泵房33120 万 m/d，原有泵房改建 50 m /d （提升初期雨水用） ；泵房前池分别安装粗、细两道格栅。粗格栅间隙100 mm人工清除污物，细格栅间隙25 mm，为链条式自动除污机，二期工程将粗格栅改为连续式自动清理，细格栅改为间隙0.5 mm 回转式自动除污机；
28、栅渣用皮带输送装筒运往垃圾消纳厂填埋。泵房内安装6 台水泵，一期 4。- 3 -欢迎下载these precious and worth cherishi ng. Second, scientific research situation, grasp theopportunities andchallengesof transformation and upgradingof full completion of the "Thirteen-Five" development tasks, start is cruci al. Focused grand blueprin
29、t, must to history of thinking views trend, put associate times forwarng a positid of pulse, steppe d on associateeconomic law of drums, find associate transformationupgrade of path, in grasp macro treGrasp tnd i n the advance science development; to strategy of vision conspiracy to global, always t
30、ight bucklenational macropolicy ori ented, a ccurate graspCounty loveactual, base d overallcaught opportunities, and PCT thought, ensure County economic socialdevelopment always along right track continued forward; to precision of measures seeking breakt hrough, tightlypegged focus task and bottlene
31、strict implementation,persist in combining routine supervision a ndcentralized supervision, accurate assessmentTownship departments, strictlycash rewards, prompted the departmentsown implementation at all levels.In working to advance, to truly grasp the Guide, seize t he opportunity, findion and pla
32、y to our strengths and take the initiative,ensure that the start of thenew year tree, newperformance.he Guide , is todock inpoli cy measures toseize t he initiative. Accurate graspof the Central Government, provi nce s and cities to speed up thedevelopmentof new policies and new initiatives with ahi
33、ghdegreeof poli cy acumen to ca ptureopportunities to accelerate development. Follow -up to promote the transformation and upgradingof the five great ideas offer a great chance. Five largedevel opmentphil osophy is theParty Central Committeedeci sions and arrangements, is the development of a profou
34、nd change. County-wide at all levelsshould conscientiously study and implement, implement the five ideas, greendevelopment,ope n development, on which to share advantages, and actively explorenew path of innovative and coordinated development, changing theconce pt of leading the transformation of de
35、velopment modeof development,promote the development of quality improvement. Floor supplyside struct ural reform implementation provides an effective strategy for improving thequalityof development. Supply side structural reform is future full deepening reformof plays, to according to "macro po
36、licy to stability, and i ndustry policy to associate, and micro policy to live, and reform policy to real, and social policy to backing" of requirements, keen grasp Central, and provinces release out of newsignal,combineand fill short Board" five big focus task implementation, prompted Cou
37、nty economic transformation upgrade, andcontinued upgrade.Poverty台，二期2 台。曝气沉砂池及初沉池120 万m3/d；池形均为平流式矩形池；曝气沉砂池分为2 个系列，每系列池长21 m，宽6 m，有效水深4.25 m，共4 条池，2 池为1 组。每组池设1 台移动桥式吸砂机及砂水分离器，共2 套。初沉池池长75 m，池宽14 m，水深2.5 m ，每系列12 条池，共4 个系列。排泥方式：采用进口桥式刮泥机12 台，排泥采用定容式螺杆泵排泥，共24 台。二级处理采用缺氧- 好氧（ A/O）活性污泥法，前缺氧后曝气，延长缺氧时间，
38、使出水水质提高，并可改善污泥沉降性能，减少二沉池反硝化过程，从而减少二沉池的污泥上浮，提高了出水水质。 曝气池池形为矩形 3 廊道共 4 个系列， 每系列分 6 组，每组隔成 3 条宽 9.3 m、长 96 m、水深 6 m的廊道； 二期工程 4 系列为 A/O 法，增加内回流设施， 曝气时间 9.2 h； 900 kW 离心式鼓风机共 8 台（ 2 台备用）；曝气方式采用曝气头一期采用国产钢钰式微式曝气器共90000 个，二期采用进口膜片橡胶微孔曝气头，总数为36036 个。二沉池为水深 4 m、直径 50 m 幅流式中心进水周边出水圆形二沉池吸结合虹吸式静压排泥， 连续运行的排泥方式。 配
39、套的回流污泥泵房24 座，采用桥式刮4 座，采用进口螺旋浆式潜水泵共16 台，剩余污泥泵采用潜污泵共12 台。3 工艺流程及相关介绍3.1 一期污水工艺选择针对出水要求， 通过试验研究， 一期选用前置缺氧段推流式活性污泥法， 延长曝气时间，使出水完全硝化。污泥处理采用两级中温消化工艺。沼气用以发电。以补充能源。 发电机的冷却水、尾气余热、 供消化池加热。 提高热能回收率。回用水的深度处理考虑在二级处理基础上，增加混凝、沉淀和砂虑两种简单工艺，使出水水质进一步提高。3.2 二期污水处理工艺选择污水处理工艺采用传统活性污泥法二级处理工艺，分为两个系列，每个系列为25 万3m/d 。其中一个系列采用
40、前置缺氧段活性污泥法工艺，即在推流式曝气池前设缺氧段（占生物处理池总容积的 1/12 ）其目的是改善污泥性质，防止污泥膨胀。另一个系列采用缺氧好氧脱氮活性污泥法工艺，即在曝气池进口段设置1/6 池长作为脱氮池，后续 1/6 池长作为可变段，并采用内回流泵进行曝气池混合液内循环，内回流比为200。精品文档3.3 污水处理工艺流程图3.4 污泥处理工艺选择污泥处理工艺采用重力浓缩、中温两级消化后机械脱水工艺。消化过程产生的沼气用于发电。二期消化池由原沼气搅拌改为一级消化池搅拌以生熟污泥混合为主，二级消化池搅拌以破浮渣为主； 污泥加热由原蒸汽间歇直接加热改为热交换器连续加热；消化池上清夜用泵回送作为污泥管反冲洗用水，以防污泥管堵塞；沼气发电机改为低气压进气方式，取消沼气压缩机层和球层中压贮气罐。改进后的二期污泥消化工程更加完善，操作简单，管理方便，安全可靠。3.5 污泥处理工艺流程图。- 5 -欢迎下载these precious and worth cherishi ng. Second, scientific research situation, grasp theopportunities a