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1、单片机发展分析外文文献翻译外文原文Single-chipSCMisalsoknownasmicro-controller(Microcontrol lerUnit),commonlyusedlettersoftheacronymMCUthatit wasfirstusedinindustrialcontrol.OnlyasinglechipbytheCPUchipdevelopedfromadedi catedprocessor.Thefirstdesignisbyalargenumberofpe ripheralsandCPUonachipinthecomputersystem,smalle
2、r ,moreeasilyintegratedintoacomplexanddemandingonth evolumecontroldevicewhich .IN TEL'sZ80isthefirstdes ignedinaccordancewiththisideaprocessor,thenonthed evelopmentofmicrocontrolleranddedicatedprocessors havepartedways.Are8-bitmicrocontrollerearlyor4bits.Oneofthe mostsuccessfulisthelNTEL8031,for
3、asimple,reliablea ndgoodperformancewasalotofpraise.Thendevelopedin8 031outofMCS51MCUSystems.SCMsystemsbasedonthissyst emuntilnowisstillwidelyused.Withtheincreasedrequi rementsofindustrialcontrolfield,begana16-bitmicro controller,becausethecostisnotsatisfactorybuthave notbeenverywidelyused.After90yea
4、rswiththegreatdev elopmentofconsumerelectronics,microcontrollertech nologyhasbeenahugeincrease.WithlNTELi960series,es peciallythelaterseriesofwidelyusedARM,32-bitmicro controllerquicklyreplacehigh-end16-bitMCUstatusan denterthemainstreammarket.Thetraditional8-bitmicr ocontrollerperformancehavebeenth
5、erapidincreasecap acityincreasecomparedto80thenumberoftimes.Current ly,high-end32-bitmicrocontrollerclockedover300MHz ,theperformancecatchingthemid-90'sdedicatedproces sor,whiletheaveragemodelpricesfalltooneU.S.dollar s,themosthigh-end1modelonly10dollars.ModernSCMs ystemsarenolongeronlyinthedeve
6、lopmentanduseofbare metalenvironment,alargenumberofproprietaryembedde doperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofSCM.T hehandheldcomputersandcellphonesasthecoreprocessi ngofhigh-endmicrocontrollercanevenuseadedicatedWi ndowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.SCMismoresuitablethanthespecificprocessorused inem
7、beddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplicatio nnfac tthenumberofSCMistheworld'slargestcomputer.Modern humanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmec hanicalproductswillbeintegratedsinglechip.Phone,t elephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputersandcomputeraccessoriessuchasamo us
8、ewitha1-2inboththeDepartmentofSCM.Personalcompu terwillhavealargenumberofSCMinthework.Generalcarw ithmorethan40SCM,complexindustrialcontrolsystemsm ayevenhavehundredsofSCMinthesametimework!SCMisnot onlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandothercomputingthesu m,orevenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeingsSinglechip,als
9、oknownassingle-chipmicrocontrol ler,itisnotcompleteacertainlogicchips,buttoacompu tersystemintegratedintoachip.Equivalenttoamicro-c omputer,andcomputerthanjustthelackofamicrocontrol lerl/Odevices.Generaltalk:achipbecomesacomputer.l tssmallsize,lightweight,cheap,forthestudy,applica tionanddevelopment
10、offacilitiesprovided.Atthesamet ime,learningtousetheMCUistounderstandtheprinciple andstructureofthecomputerthebestchoice.SCMandthecomputerfunctionsinternallywithsimil armodules,suchasCPU,memory,parallelbus,thesameeff ectaswell,andharddiskmemorydevices,anddifferentis itsperformanceofthesecomponentswe
11、rerelativelyweak manyofourhomecomputer,butthepriceislow,usuallynot morethan10yuanyoucandowithitsomecontrolforaclassisnotverycomplicatedelectricalworkisenoughof .Weareusingautomaticdrumwashingmachine,smokehood, VCDandsoonapplianceswhichcouldseeitsshadow!Itisprimarilyasacontrolsectionofthecorecomponen
12、tsItisanonlinereal-timecontrolcomputer,control- lineisthatthesceneisneededisastrongeranti-jamming ability,lowcost,andthisis,andoff-linecomputer(suc hashomePC),themaindifference.SinglechipMCUisthroughrunning,andcanbemodified.Throughdiffe rentprocedurestoachievedifferentfunctions,inparti cularspecialu
13、niquefeatures,thisisanotherdevicemuc heffortneedstobedone,somegreateffortsareverydiffi culttodo.Anotverycomplexfunctionsifthe50'swiththe UnitedStatesdeveloped74series,orthe60'sCD4000seri esofthesepurehardwarebuttoned,thenthecircuitmustb ealargePCBboard!ButiftheUnitedStatesifthe70'swith aseriesofsuccessfulSCMmarket,theresultwillbeadras ticchange!Justbecauseyouarepreparedbymicrocompute rprogramscanachievehighintelligence,highefficienc yandhighreliability!Asthemicrocontrolleronthecost-sensitive,sonow第5页