《专业八级人文知识精选试题.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专业八级人文知识精选试题.doc（10页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、专八 General Knowledge 知识点1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to theirdistribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学 ; 在语言或一门语 言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学 , 音系学3. Synta
2、x: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure arecombined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合 乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms. 语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词， 首字母缩略词， 比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC, 它们可以连拼
3、， 但 VOA 是 Initialism 。6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another withwhich it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种 ,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词 或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事
4、力量，对面来了三个"红领巾"也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。？7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in aphrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare). 明喻 , 一种修辞手法， 把两种基本不相像的东西进 行比
5、较，通常在由 like 或 as引导的短语中，如 "我的离开好象是冬天来临 "或" 你对我的思 想就象食物对于生命一样重要 " (莎士比亚)8. :Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates onething is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a
6、stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指 代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如 "忧愁之海 "或"整个世界一台戏 "(莎士比亚 ) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined,as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法 , 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词 合在一起
7、的修辞手法，如在 震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观 cruel kindness10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve's expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.12. Sonnet: A 14
8、-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十 四行诗体 , 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式 , 莎士比亚用过此诗 体。13. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in plac
9、e of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect. 俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话 语中的一种语言， 基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成， 它们被故意地用来取代标准的 词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement. 警句，妙句，吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语，尤指用作集团或运动
10、 的口号的用语。15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. 行话 , 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言 .terminology16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant. 陈腔滥调 , 陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述， 尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或 有
11、意义的17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法 ,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某 种效果，比如在 我能睡一年或这书有一吨重18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated wit
12、h the objects or actions they refer to. 象声词 , 词的构成或用法， 例如 buzz 或 murmur 模仿事物或行动的声音 .19. hypotaxis: 从属关系20. parataxis: 并列结构，指短语或分句间不用连词，如： I came, I saw, I conquered.21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the ex
13、istence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超验主义 , 一种文学和哲学运 动，与拉尔夫 ·沃尔多 ·爱默生和玛格丽特 ·富勒有关， 宣称存在一种理想的精神实体， 超越于 经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. 美国23. Morphology: The study of the st
14、ructure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds. 词法， 词态学， 形态音位学 , 语 言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究，包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成24. affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant 辅音 followed by a fricative 摩擦 ; for example, the initial
15、 sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音 而形成的复杂的语音；例如 child 和 joy 的第一个音 Also called: affricative.25. Vanity Fair 名利场 was written by William Makepeace Thackeray.26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins 尼尔阿姆斯特朗、埃德温奥尔德林、迈克尔柯林斯27. The title of the nationa
16、l anthem 国歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可自己多 找几个国家。28. Henry David Thoreau's work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.29. Etymology: the history of a word. 词源学30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American. 除纽约市、南方、新英格兰31. John
17、 Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头士或甲壳虫乐队 in the 1960s.32. In Gulliver's Travels 格列佛游记 , Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world's most perfect society. 有理智和人性的马 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth cent
18、ury.34. Morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 词素 , 一种含有一个 单词的有意义的语言单位，如 -ed 在单词 walked 中，不能被划分为更小的有意义单位35. The name of the famous stadium 露天体育场 in the north of London i
19、s Wembley.36. Wimbledon 温布尔登 英国英格兰东南部城市 （ 位于伦敦附近 , 是著名的国际网球比赛地）37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe 食谱 , originating from Yorkshire, a county inthe north of England. 烤面拖牛肉，面拖烤香肠38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest
20、or disfavor or as a means of coercion （强制） . 联合抵制 , 联合起来拒绝使用、购买或 经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white so
21、ciety. 种族隔离 , 强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践， 如在学校、 居 住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites.种族隔离制 , 南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策， 包括在政治、 法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视 .41.
22、Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation. 种族或宗教融合 , 在社会或组 织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43. Sir Thomas More coine
23、d the word "Utopia" it means nowhere land in Greek.44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素 , 语言中最小的语音单位， 如英语里 mat 中的 m
24、和 bat 中的 b46. polysemy: 一词多义47. patron saint ：保护圣徒 , 守护神48. Parentese: 父母语49. back formation: 逆构词 脱落一词的词缀以构成新词 typewriter typewrite50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English p
25、lural morpheme. 语素变 体, 语素的一种变体形式，如语音学的中之s 在 cats 中， z 在 dogs 中，和 iz 在 horses中，还有 en 在 oxen 中都是英语复数语素的语素变体 .专八人文：英国文学部分精选习题The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is not such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greek c
26、ulture.B. England's domestic rest.C. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.Which of the following is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim's Progress B. Grace Abounding to the Chief
27、 of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. Badman D. The Holy WarIt is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey Chaucer B.
28、Martin Luther C. William Langland D. John GowerAll of the following four except are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England.A. Francis Bacon B. Christopher Marlowe C. William Shakespeare D. Ben JonsonIt is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the
29、form of.A. elegy B. ode C. epic D. sonnetDaniel Defoe's novels mainly focus on.A. the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceB. the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for securityC. the struggle of the pirates for wealthD. the desire of the criminals for propertyIn Beowulf,fought against
30、 the monster Grendel and a five breathing dragon.A. the Anglo-Saxons B. Beowulf C. the Scandinavian D. the Winter DragonFrancis Bacon is best known for his which greatly influenced the development of this literary form.A. essays B. poems C. works D playsMost of Thomas Hardy's novels are set in W
31、essex.A. a crude region in England B. a fictional primitive regionC. a remote rural area D. Hardy's hometownWe can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley's poem "Ode to the West Wind" with all the following terms except.A. swift B. proud C. tamed D. wild"Blindness", &q
32、uot;partiality", "prejudice", and "absurdity" in the novel "Pride and Prejudice" are most likely the characteristics of.A. Elizabeth B. Darcy C. Mr. Bennet D. Mrs. BennetThe modern English novel came into being in.A. the middle of the 17th century B. the 17th centu
33、ryC. the late 18th century D. the middle of the 18th centuryWho is not the major figure of modernist movement?A. Eliot B. Joyce C. Charles Dickens D. PoundWho is considered to be the best known English dramatist since Shakespeare?A. Oscar Wilde B. John Galsworthy C. W.B. Yeats D. George Bernard Shaw
34、 Of the following poets, which is not regarded as "Lake Poets"?A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge B. Robert Southy C. William Words worth D. William Shakespeare In the first part of Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver told his experience in.A. Lilliput B. Brobdingnag C. Houyhnhnm D. England Which of
35、the following cannot describe "Byronic hero"?A. proud B. mysterious C. noble origin D progressiveIn the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as .A. the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of al
36、l life and all experience.B. the thought that designates man as a social animalC. the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in commonD. the modes of thinkingThe term "metaphysical poetry" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the
37、influence of.A. John Milton B. John Donne C. John Keats D. John Bunyan"The Vanity Fair" is a well-known part in.A. The Pilgrim's Progress B. Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC. The Life and Death of Mr. Badman D. The Holy WarIn Oliver Twist, Charles criticizes .A. money worshippi
38、ng tendency B. dehumanizing of workhouse systemC. hypocrisy of the upper society D. distortion of human heartWhich of the following plays by Shakespeare is history play?A. Julius Caesar B. The Merry Wives of Windsor C. Henry IV D. King LearWho is regarded as a "worshipper of nature".A. Joh
39、n Keats B. William Blake C. William Wordsworth D. Jane AustenWhich of the following writing is not the work by Charles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two Cities B. Hard Times C. Oliver Twist D. Sons and LoversThe 18th century England is known as thein the history.A. Romanticism B. Classicism C. Renaissance D.
40、 Enlightenment 专八人文：美国文学部分精选习题In American literature, the eighteen century was the age of the Enlightenment. was the dominant spirit.A. Humanism B. Rationalism C. Revolution D. EvolutionWhich statement about Franklin is not true?A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer. B. He was a scientist.C.
41、He was a master of diplomacy. D. He was a Puritan.Who is regarded as the first American prose epic.A. Nature B. The Scarlet Letter C. Walden D. Moby-DickThe Romanic Period of American literature started with the publication of Washington Irving's and ended with Whiteman's Leaves of Grass.A.
42、The Sketch Book B. Tales of a Traveler C. The Alhambra D. A history of New YorkIn Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, "A" may stand for.A. Adultery B. Angel C. Amiable D. All the aboveThe period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as.A. the Naturalist Period B. the Moder
43、n Period C. the Romantic Period D. the Realistic PeriodThe Age of Realism is the literary history of the United States refers to the period fromto .A. 1861 1914 B. 1863 1918 C. 1865 1914 D. 1865 1918Who is described by Mark Twain as a boy with "a sound heart and a deformed conscience?"A. T
44、om Sawyer B. Huckleberry Finn C. Jim D. TonyMark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his.A. international theme B. waste-land imagery C. local color D. symbolismThe impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nin
45、eteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American.A. modernism B. naturalism C. vernacularism D. local colorismIn 1900, London published his first collection of short stories, named.A. The son of the Wolf B. The Sea Wolf C. The Law
46、of Life D. White FangIn which of the following works, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bull-fight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy?A. The Green Hills of Africa. B. The Snows of Kilimanjaro.C. To Have and Have Not. D. Death in the Afternoon.Which of
47、the following figures does not belong to "The Lost Generation"?A. Ezra Pound B. William Carlos Williams C. Robert Frost D. Theodore DreiserWho is a dramatist that holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period?A. Sinclair Levis B. Eugene O'Neil C. Arthur Miller D.
48、Tennessee Williams The following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature except.A. William Faulkner B. F. Scott Fitzgerald C. John Steinbeck D. Ernest Hemingway In 1954,was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his "mastery of the art of modernnarration".A. T.S. Eliot B. Ernes
49、t Hemingway C. John Steinbeck D. William Faulkner Who is the author of the work: "The Grapes of Wrath"?A. John Steinbeck B. Eugene O'Neil C. F. Scott Fitzgerald D. Theodore DreiserIn 1920 Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town provincialism in .A. Main Street B. An American Tragedy C. Winesburg, Ohio D. Sister Carrie 专八人文知识：语言学部分精选试题Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolicC. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary