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1、名词性从句讲义在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句 和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到， 并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别3. 考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查 whether 与 if 的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词 +ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的 区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语法要点剖析一、名
2、词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词： when, where, how, why连接代词和连接副词在句子中既保留疑问意义，又充当句子成分。主语从句主语从句知识点： 主语从句的连接词 主语从句， it 做形式主语（细化： it 做形式主语和 it 做强调句的区别） 主语从句的时态（主语从句
3、的时态不受主句时态影响和控制） 其他：如，主语从句是陈述句； what 和 tha 在引导主语从句的区别； that 是否可以省略的问题一、主语从句的连词分三类（ 1）从属连词引导的主语从句（that whether /if）that 引导的主语从句 : 引导词 that 无含义 / 在句中不做成分 / 不可以省。 That 引导主语从句通 常用 it 作形式主语。例如： That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That she survived the accident is a miracle.whether 引导的主语从句 : whether
4、 有含义 （是否 ）/ 在句中不做成分 / 不可以省。 注意：引导主语从句，不能用 if 不能在开头，只能用 whether 。Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or notdoesn't matter too much.（ 2） 用连接代词引导的主语从句在由连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，
5、其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分 例如： What you need is more practice.它引导主语从句， 并在从句中作主语、 宾语、Whatever we do is to serve the people. 注： whatever / whoever 的功用 whatever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who 让步状语从句的区别。如： Whoever breaks the law should be punished.。要注意和 whatever, whoever
6、 引导的（主语从句） Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（让步状语从句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）（ 3）用连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的名词性从句 （其连接副词有含义 ,在句中作状 语。 ）例如 :Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will comehasn't
7、been made pubic.二、it 作形式主语的主语从句有时为了考虑句子平衡， 通常在主语从句处使用形式主语 it ，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。 这分四种情况：（1）对于以连词 that 引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语 it 替代主语从句：<a> It is + 名词 +从句It is a fact that 事实是；It is good news that 是好消息；It is a question that 是个问题；类似的名词还有： a pity ； a wonder ； a good thing ； no wonder ； surprise 等。It is a my
8、stery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.<b> It is +形容词 + 从句It is necessary that 有必要；It is clear that 很清楚；It is likely that 很可能；It is important that 重要的是类似的形容词 还有： strange; natural; obvious; true; go
9、od; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting;astonishing, etc.It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you(
10、should ) master the computer.需要注意的是这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“ ( should )动词原形” ，即要用虚拟语气。 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟 语气“ (should) +do ”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) th
11、at<c> It is + 过去分词 +从句It is said that 据说；It is reported that 据报道；It has been proved that 已证明；It must be proved that 必须指出 类似的过去分词还有： known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc. 例如： It is used to be th
12、ought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.<d> It seems不及物动词（ happened / appears / doesn't ' t matter / makes no difference/ occurred ） that 主语从句不可提前It makes no difference whether he will at
13、tend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.（2）对于以连接代词 （副词 ）引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句 首使用主语从句：Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It was a problem whether they would support us.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。（3）对关系代词型 what 引导的主语从句，
14、通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是这一点。有时也可将助用形式主语。如： It is clear enough what he meant.他是什么意思很清楚。（4）如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语 it 的结构：Is it true that he is the girl' s father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？三、主语从句的时态，从句时态不受主句时态的影响和
15、控制（ 1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（ 2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（ 3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（ 4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（ 5）What caused the accident remain
16、s unknown.（ 6）Whatever you did is right.（ 7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.（ 8）What we need is time.（ 9）What we need are good doctors.小结: 连词位于句首不能省略 主语从句大多数情况下视为三单 , 但也有例外 , 如例 9四、主语从句其他知识点（一）连词 that 的省略问题引导主语从句的连词 that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若 that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则 that 不能省略；若 that 引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语
17、 it ，则 that 可以省略：That you didn ' t go to the talk was a pity.很遗憾你没去听报告。 （that 不可省 ）It was a pity （that） you didn ' t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。 （that 可省 ）（二）what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而 that 则不然。 What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a cons
18、olation.（三）whethwe 和 if 引导名词性从句区别 whether 与 if 均为 "是否 "的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用 whether1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首。eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic。2. 引导表语从句。 eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3. whether 从句作介词宾语。 eg:I am thinking about whether I sh
19、ould quit my present job.4. if 与 whether 都可以与 or not 连用，但后面紧跟 or not 时只能用 whether 。We didn't know whether or not she was ready. （此时只能用 whether ）5. Whether 可以引导同位语从句， if 不引导同位语从句。五、高考题：1、 It never occurredto me_you could succeed in persuadinghim to change his mind.（ 陕西高考 )A whichBwhatC thatD if2
20、、 It's obvious tothestudents_they shouldgetwellprepared for theirfuture.（ 天津卷 ）A asB thatC whichD whether3、some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by many others.（2010 ·北京）A Whether BWhatC ThatD How主语从句练习题1. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2
21、. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3. When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that sh
22、e was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late5. Tom liked to eat was different from .A. That that you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. That what you had expected D. What what you had expected6. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.
23、It Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.It's uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. what B. that C. whether D. how9. the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. we can't get seems better than
24、we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11. you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13. is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committe
25、e.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15. he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. Wha
26、t17. .you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18. makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who