《《高考语法完全突破记忆大纲》第4讲代词Word版.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《高考语法完全突破记忆大纲》第4讲代词Word版.doc（12页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、第四讲：代词一. 代词的分类代词是用来代替名词（或名词性结构）的词。九类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词和关系代词。（人物反相指，不疑连关词）二. 代词详解1. 人称代词(1) 定义：表示“你，我，他/她/它及其复数”的代词称为人称代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 数格单复单复单复主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meushimherthem(2). 用法 作主语(用主格）如：We eat to live; we dont live to eat. 作宾语（用宾格）如：They gave him an orange. 作表语（主格，宾格
2、皆可）如：I thought it must be he.(代指主语）It was him that I saw yesterday.（代指宾语）(3) it的用法 主要用于指代上文提到的事物，也可用于指代婴儿或不明身份的人如：I bought a pen last week, but I lost it yesterday.What a lovely baby it is!Who is it?Its Tom.He has gone abroad. Have you heard about it?注意：人称代词作主语，其后不带谓语动词时，在口语中常用宾格。如：Does anyone know
3、him? Me. 多个代词的排列顺序：单数：二、三、一 (you, he and I)复数：一、二、三(we, you and they) 用于代替指示代词this/that。如：Whats this? 2 / 12Its a mosquito. Whose dictionary is that?Its hers. 指代天气, 温度, 时间, 距离, 环境等。如：Its cold today.Its time for lunch.It may be ten miles from here. 用作形式主语如：Its important to master English. (it=to mast
4、er English)Its no use complaining. (it=complaining) 用作形式宾语 如：I found it interesting to teach English. (it=to teach English) I feel it my duty to help students learn English well. (it=to help students learn English well).用于强调句表示强调。强调句结构：it is/was +强调部分+that/who+剩余部分被强调部分为人时，用that或who均可；被强调部分为物时，则通常用t
5、hat。如：I saw Tom on the street yesterday. It was I that/who saw Tom on the street yesterday.It was Tom that/who I saw on the street yesterday.It was yesterday that I saw Tom on the street. It was on the street that I saw Tom yesterday. 2. 物主代词(1) 定义： 表示某物属于“谁的”的代词称为物主代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单复单复单复形容词性myour
6、yourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursherstheirs(2) 用法 形容词性的物主代词：只用作定语如： I havent got your name. 名词性物主代词： 可用作主，宾，表语。如：Is that your car? No, mine is parked over the road.I want to borrow a bike, but I dont want to borrow hers.The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!3.反身代词(1) 定义： 表示“某人自已”的代词称为反身代
7、词。单数都以self结尾，复数则以selves结尾。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单复单复单复myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves(2) 用法 作宾语如：God help those who help themselves. You should be proud of yourself. 作表语如：The master of your fate is yourself. Im not myself today. 同位语 如：The matter itself is not important. You
8、should ask Tom himself. 作主语单独的反身代词不用作主语，但在“A and/or/nor B”结构作主语时，B可以用反身代词。如：James and myself did it. (Neither) Tom nor yourself have anything to do with it.4. 相互代词(1) 定义： 表示相互关系的代词称为相互代词。只有两个，each other和one another都表示“彼此”.(2) 用法each other用于两者之间one another用于三者以上如： We should help each other/one anothe
9、r.5. 指示代词(1) 定义：用于指明一定的人或事物时所用的代词称为指示代词。包括：this(这个), that（那个), these(这些), those(那些）this/that指代单数或不可数名词these/those指代可数名词复数this/these指时空上近的事物that/those指时空上较远的事物(2) 用法 形容词性用法-作定语如： This desk is small and that one is big. Everyone seems to be in a hurry these days. 名词性用法-主要用作主，宾语.如：You never cared about
10、 me. That's not true.Did you hear that?注意：that可在句中代替前面出现过的单数可数或不可数名词，以避免重复。 如：The climate of Qingdao is cooler than that of Beijing. (that=climate)当其所代替的名词为复数时用those。如：The apples in the basket are bigger than those on the floor. 6. 不定代词(1) 定义：不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。常见不定代词有：all ,both, every, each, either
11、, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, none等。 (2) 用法要点：1) every/each. every只能作定语，后接单数可数名词，指代三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。如：Every student is present. Every ma
12、n has his weak side. each指代两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个，可以在句中作主语，宾语，定语，同位语。如：Each of the students will get a book.（主语）I gave a piece of cake to each of the children.（宾语）He had a pen in each hand. (定语)They each have a book. （同位语）2) some, any二者都可以用作主语，宾语或定语。可以代替或修饰可数名词（单复数均可）或不可数名词。 some一般用于肯定句中。其修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词时
13、，表示“一些”，修饰可数名词单数时表示“某个”，用于数字前时则可表示“大约”。some用于疑问句时，则表示希望得到对方肯定回答的请求或建议。如：Some have gone back home.(主语） We like some of them.（宾语） I have some books.（定语） May I have some water? （表请求） Should we get some oil? （表建议） any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，也可用于肯定句，表示“一些；任何；任一”。如：Have you any brother/brothers?If I can help in a
14、ny way, let me know.Take any book(s) you like.I dont like any of these books.(宾语) 我不喜欢这些书。试比较：I dont like some of these books. 这些书中有些我不喜欢。3) either, neither代替或修饰可数名词单数形式。在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。either指“（两个人或物中的）任何一个”，表肯定意义。neither则表示“（两个人或物中的）任何一个也不”，为否定意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词需用单数。如：Does either of you know where
15、I can buy such a pen?（主语）There is tea or coffeeyou can have either.（宾语）He sat in the back of the car with a policeman on either side. （定语）We asked both John and Jerry, but neither of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. (主语）I like neither of them.（宾语）Neither parent cares what happens to the
16、child.（定语）4) many/muchmany代替或修饰可数名词复数，much则代替或修饰不可数名词。在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。如：Many want to join us.(主语）We are many, and they are few.（表语）Much has been said on it. （主语）He didnt say much about it.（宾语）There was too much work for one person（定语）5) little/a little, few/ a few little/a little代替或修饰不可数名词; few/a f
17、ew代替或修饰可数名词。都可用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。 little/few表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有”;a little/a few意为“有一点/有几个”，表示肯定意义，说明虽然不多但是有。如：A little is enough.（主语）We just need a little.（宾语）There is only a little milk. （定语）6) a lot (of), lots (of)修饰或代替复数可数名词或不可数名词。作主语，宾语或表语。 如：A lot has been said on this.（主语） We've spent a lot on the c
18、hildren's education.（宾语） Thats a lot.（表语）注意：a lot/lots不可直接置于名词前，其后接名词时，必须用a lot of/lots of.如：A lot of work has been done.There were lots of people at the party.7) one / other/another三者都可指代或修饰人或物，在句中作主语， 宾语，表语，定语 。 one代指单数可数名词，其复数形式为ones。如： One can do what one likes here.（主语）Have you got a camera
19、?No.Oh, you should buy one.（宾语） They are all old ones.（表语） other可指代或修饰单数或复数可数名词。others用于指代复数可数名词。 onethe other表示“一个.，另一个” 如： She has two sisters. One is a nurse and the other is a teacher.(主语）Some of them want to help him. The others want to stop him.（主语）There are other people there.（定语）She is ready
20、 to help others.（宾语） another表示“（众多中的）另一个”。如：There'll be another bus along in a few minutes. Well have to wait another two weeks. (=two more weeks) 8) none/no one (nobody) none可代指可数名词（单复数皆可）和不可数名词,可指人也可指物，其与名词连用时，需有of。在句中作主语，宾语，表语。如：None (of us) is/are ready.（主语）I know what people are saying - bu
21、t none of it is true.I like none of the books.（宾语） no one/no body只能代指人。其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 none表示在某群人中（某个范围内）没有做某事的人，常用来回答how many提问的句子；而no one/no body则表示“没有人”，用来回答who开头的问句及其它没有限定范围的一般问句。如：How many students are there in the classroom?None.How many of you have ever been to America?None.Who can answer this
22、 question?No one.Did any one call me up just now?No one.注意：none也常用于表示上文提到过的事物没有了。如：I wish I could offer you some cake but there's none left.I know what people are saying - but none of it is true.7. 疑问代词(1) 定义： 对某人或某物进行提问的代词，一般用在特殊疑问句的句首。常见疑问代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which(2) 用法详解 who 主格 作主语；wh
23、om 宾格 作宾语；whose 所有格，作主语、宾语、表语和定语；都用于指人。口语中who 常可以代替whom, 但当whom直接置于介词后作宾语时，不能用who 代替。如：Who wants to answer my question? Who(m) are they looking for? what 什么；which哪一个/些 两者都可表示选择的意思，但what 泛指物，强调没有限定范围的选择，which强调有限定范围的选择。what 可用于提问职业、地位等。如：What is your father? （询问职业）Hes a teacher. What sport do you lik
24、e most? Which sport do you like most, basketball, football, or volleyball? Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth, or the moon? 8. 连接代词定义：连接从句与主句的代词。作用：引导从句，同时又是从句中充当一定的句子成分。所有疑问代词都可以做连接代词。名词性从句主要有：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。 如： What he said is true. （引导主语从句） I wonder who phoned this morning. (引导宾语从句) The problem is who will put the bell on the cat.(引导表语从句） 9. 关系代词：引导定语从句（详见后文）(本资料为魏训刚老师高考语法完全突破配套资料) -温馨提示：如不慎侵犯了您的权益，可联系文库删除处理，感谢您的关注！