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1、第十五讲：非谓语动词动名词教学重点：掌握动名词这一语法知识。了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。命题趋势：动名词的考点依次为作宾语，作主语，作定语，作表语。一些固定的基本知识应记牢。知识点回顾在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。动名词1.动名词简述： 动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。由动词 +ing 构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语（介词宾语和动宾）和表语，还可以作定语。同时，动名词仍然具有动词的若干特点，它可以有自己的宾语和状语。2.动名词在句中所能充当的成分：主语宾语动名词
2、表语定语状语补语2.1 动名词作主语Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Having done the work is an experience you ll never forget.做过这种工作，就会使你永生难忘。注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。（详见上三例）用 It 作形式主语用动名词作主语时，和动词不定式一样，有时也用It 作形式主语。It is no use (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless).It
3、is no good crying.= Crying is no good.It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear.在 there be 句型中只能用动名词作主语（不用不定式）There is no + -ing.（ .是不可能的）= It is impossible to .= No one can .= It is impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.无法预言将会发生什么事情。T
4、here is no getting along with him.= It is difficult to get along with him.他这个人很难相处。2.2 动名词作表语His hobby is painting.What he likes best is making jokes.动名词作表语时，一般表示比较抽象的习惯动作，表语和主语常常可以互换。His hobby is painting.Painting is his hobby.What he likes best is making jokes.Making jokes is what he likes best.On
5、e of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits.2.3 动名词和不定式在句中做主语和表语的区别一般情况下两者区别不大，有时可以通用。Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.It is dangerous playing with explosives. = It is dangerous to play with explosives.有时，动名词和不定式也有区别，主要表现在动名词所表示的动作比较抽象，或者是习惯性的
6、，而不定式多表示某次比较具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。His hobby is painting.In summer what he wants to do is to paint.2.4 动名词作宾语Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.The rain prevented us from going out.只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit 承认， appreciate 感激，赞赏， avoid 避免， complete 完成， consider 考虑， delay 耽误， deny 否认， detest
7、讨厌， endure 忍受， enjoy 喜欢， escape逃脱， prevent 阻止， fancy 想象， finish 完成， imagine 想象， mind 介意， miss 错过， postpone 推迟， practise 训练， recall 回忆， resent 讨厌， resist 抵抗， resume 继续， risk 冒险， suggest 建议， face 面对， include 包括， stand 忍受， understand 理解， forgive 宽恕， keep 继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a li
8、ttle, please?The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.只能用动名词作宾语的词组有：admit to 承认， add to 加上， be (get) used to 习惯于， be accustomed to 习惯于， be tired of 厌烦 ，be fond of 喜欢，be capable of 有 的能力， be afraid of 为 而害怕， be proud of 为 自豪，骄傲， be successful in 在 成功， be good at 擅长于 ， be interested in
9、对 .感兴趣， be engaged in 从事于 .， be busy with 忙于， be sentenced to宣判， burst out 突然， canthelp 禁不住， come to 谈到， confess to 承认， count on / upon 依靠，信赖， devote oneself to 把 贡献给 ，dream of 梦想， depend on 依靠， excuse for 为 而原谅， feel like 愿意做什么， give up 放弃， hold off 推迟， insist on 坚持， It s worth 值得， It s no use / go
10、od 没有用 /不好，无益 keep on 坚持， know of 对 了解， look forward to 期盼，盼望， lead to 导致， object to 反对， put off 推迟， prevent from 阻止 免受 ，pay attention to 注意， prefer to 比起 更 ， stick to 坚持， set about 着手去做， think of / about 想到 /考虑There be 句型中动名词的使用。There is noneeduseharm + (in) doinghurry例如：When I heard his voice, I c
11、ouldn thelp thinking of my father.Youd better put off having the meeting till next month.动名词和不定式作宾语，有以下区别：常见于 like, hate, learn, prefer, love 这些动词I like skating. But I dontlike to skate today.我喜欢滑冰，但是我今天不想去滑冰。（like skating 是指一贯的，习惯性的爱好，而like to skate是暂时的动作）The girl has learned to cook.这个小姑娘已经学会做饭了。T
12、he girl has learned cooking.这个小姑娘学过做饭。learn to do 表示学会做某事learn doing 表示曾学过下列词组中，动名词和不定式都可以作宾语，但区别很大：（ 1） stop doing / to do stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。（ 2） forget doing / to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 （未做）forget doing 忘记做过某事。 （已做）（3） remember doing / to do remember to do 记得去做某事（未做）rem
13、ember doing 记得做过某事（已做）（4） regret doing / to do regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 （未做） regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 （已做）（5） cease doing / to docease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。 cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。（6） try doing / to do try to do 努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。（7） go on doing / to do go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doi
14、ng 继续做原来做的事。（8） be afraid of doing / to dobe afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”。 be afraid of doing 担心出现 doing 的状况、 结果。 doing 是客观上造成的， 意为生怕， 恐怕。（9） be interested in doing / to do be interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。be interested in doing对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。（ 10） mean doing / to do mean to do 打算去做
15、某事mean doing 意味着某事（11） begin (start) doing / to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth（ 12） learn to do / doing learn to do 表示学会做某事learn doing 表示曾学过2.5 动名词作定语例如：drinking water 饮用水walking stick 手杖smoking room 吸烟室动名词作定语一般表示所修饰词的用途2.6 动名词定语和不定式定语的区别动名词定语在它所修饰词的前面，而不定式定语要放在它所修饰词的后面。The swimm
16、ing pool belongs to our school.I have something important to do.动名词定语表示所修饰词的用途或使用目的，而不定式定语表示的动作性较强，所修饰词往往是不定式的承受者（逻辑宾语）。He wants to improve his teaching method.Do you have anything to say?3.动名词的否定式和动名词短语3.1 动名词的否定式：not + 动名词I must apologize not letting you know ahead of time.His not getting to the s
17、tation on the time makes everyone worried.3.2 动名词短语物主代词 /名词的所有格+ 动名词此时物主代词和名词的所有格是这个动名词的逻辑主语，动名词短语可以作主语、语（动词宾语和介词宾语）表语和宾Li Ming s being late made his teacher very angry.I think the big problem is their not having enough time.Do you mind my leaving now?4.动名词的时态和语态4.1 动名词的时态动名词的一般式表示泛指的一般性动作， 即动作发生的时间
18、并不明确；的动作同时发生或在它的动作之后发生。 I m looking forward to seeing you soon.或者动名词所表示的动作与谓语动词动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。You regret not having taken the doctor s advice, do you?Thank you for having helped me so much.4.2 动名词的语态动名词被动语态当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。The squirrel was lucky that it just missed
19、 being caught.Before being used, the machine must be checked.动名词的主动形式代替被动形式主语（通常是物）+wantneedrequire（需要）+ doing （动名词的主动形式）deserve（值得）=主语+ want/ need/ require/ deserve to be done（不定式的被动形式）The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing.=The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired.另外：主语+ be worth doing =主语 + be worthy + to be done/ of being done.The book is worth reading again.=The book is worthy to be read.=The book is worthy of being read.