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1、定语从句的用法定语从句 : 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词， 分为关系代词 （ who, whom, that, which, whose ）和关系副词 （where,when, why, )。复合句 ：The man who (that) came is Mike. 先行词 关系代词Li Ming is the onethat got full marks in our class.先行词 关系代词关系代词 Which的用法 : 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语This is
2、the pen 先行词This is the pen 先行词which was given by my friend. 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 which my friend gave to me. 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语二 关系代词 Who 的用法 : 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语（ 如果前面带介词则必须用 whom）The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语The man whowhom he wanted to see last week is
3、 in Shanghai.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl with whom I went there.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前 .三 关系代词 Whom 的用法 : 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（ 包括介词的宾语） , 与 who 的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whomThis is the teacher whom/who we like best.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl whom/ who I went with there. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定
4、语从句中充当介宾 .I don ' t like the boy to whom you are talking.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前 .四 关系代词 that 的用法 : 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语The animal that which is lost is a panda.先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语The mooncakes that mother cooked taste nice.先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语Who is the man that is reading a newspa
5、per there?先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语She is the person that who we are worried about.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语 注：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom ， which 之前（不可放在 that 之前），也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中的介词则只能放在原来的位置上。如：The man from whom I borrowed an umbrella is a friend of mine.= The man whom I borrowed an umbrella from is a
6、 friend of mine.The girl whom (who) I am looking for is my sister. (look for是固定词组， for 不可放在 whom 之前 )注意 1 that /which 在代物时常常可以通用 ,但有时只宜于 用 which , 不用 that(1) 关系代词前有介词时 .This is the hotel in which you will stay.(2) 如有两个定语从句 ,其中一句的关系代词是 that, 另一句宜于用 which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from
7、 the liberary which was newly open ( 新开放 ) to us. 注意 2 that/which 在代物时常常可以通用 ,但有时只宜于 用 that , 不用 which.(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时This is the best that has been used against air pollution( 反对空气污染 ) in cities.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.(2) 先行词是序数词 ,或
8、它的前面有一个序数词时He is the last person that I want to see.(3) 主句中已有疑问词时Which is the bike that you lost?(4) 先行词既有人又有物时The bike and its rider that had run over ( 撞倒了 )an old man were taken to the police station.(5) 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等代词时 You shou
9、ld hand in all that you have.We haven ' t got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.(6) 先行词前面有 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very 等词修饰时 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is the only one that got full marks
10、( 满分 )in our class.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.(7) 有两个定语从句 ,其中一个关系代词已用 which, 另外一个宜用 thatEdison built up a factory( 办了一个工厂 ) which produced things that had never been seen before.五 关系副词 Where 的用法 : 若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语 .This is the house I was born in the ho
11、use. (=I was born there) 介词短语 副词=This is the housewhere I was born. 这就是我在那儿出生的房子 .先行词 关系副词in which I was born. 介词 +关系代词 which I was born in.关系代词这里作介宾的 which 和 that 可以省略 that I was born in 关系代词 .六 关系副词 When 的用法 : 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句中充当时间状语 .He came at a time +we needed help at a time.介词短语=He came at a tim
12、e when we needed help关系副词at which we needed help 介词 +关系代词which we needed help at 关系代词 这里的作介宾的 which 和 that 可以省略 that we needed help at七 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是 the reason,它的关系副词就是why。如： The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to the party.练 习（含答案）1. This is the bag my mother bought yesterda
13、y.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. The man lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. /3. The girl you saw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom5. Is this factory a lot of students
14、 visited yesterday?A. the oneB. thatC. whichD. /6. The only language is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. thatC. /D. it7. The girl handed everything she had picked up in the street to the police.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all8. cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. ThatB. WhoC. Th
15、e one whoD. The students who9. Please show me the book you bought yesterday.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. this10. This is the best book I have been looking for all this year.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /11. This is the only article of these that written by him.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are12. The man was here ju
16、st now is a doctor.A. whomB. whoC. /D. he13. The boy has two lovely dogs.A. who live next doorB. which lives next doorC. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door14. ThoseA. whichmade no mistakes please raise your hands. C. thatB. whom15. DonA. /, toB. that, /16. He is the most careful boy A. what
17、B. which17. This is the school Mr. Smith once taught.B. whenC. where, toI know.C. asA. in thatC. where18. Have you visited the house the famous scientist was born?A. whereB. in thatC. that19. The factory Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. whenB. whereC. that20. Do you still remember the day
18、 we first met?A. thatB. whenC. whatD. whoD. which, thereD. /D. thereD. whichD. whichD. on that21. The timewe studied together is not easily forgotte n.D. i n whichD. i n whichD. i n whichD. whatD. the oneA. whe nB. thatC. where22. October 1,1949 is the dayweA. whe nB. thatC. where23. October 1,1949
19、was the daythe PRC was foun ded.A. whichB. whe nC. where24. Is this the shopsells childre nA. whichB. whereC. i n which25. Is this museumthey visited last mon th?A. thatB. whichC. where26. I still remember the sitti ng-roommy mother and I used to sit i n the eve ning.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where27
20、. The film brought the hours back to meI was take n good care of in that far-away village.A. un tilB. thatC. whe nD. where28. Joh n said he'd bee n work ing in the office for an hour,was true.A. he B. this C. which D. who29. I should n ever forget those yearsI lived in the country with the farme
21、rs, has a great effect onmy life.A. that; whichB. whe n; whichC. which; thatD. whe n; who30. is known to all, Chi na will be anpowerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.A. That; adva ncing B. This; adva ncdC. As; adva ncd D. It; adva ncing改错题1 This is the village for which you are look ing.2 I &#
22、39; ve read all the books which were borrowed from the library.3 He talked happily about the men and books which interested him greatly in the school.4 Everyth ing which can be done has bee n done.5 Who has seen the TV films doesn' t admire it?6 I don ' t like the way which you laugh at her.
23、7 Those that want to go there will wait at the gate of the school.8 This is Mr. Smith, whom I think has something interesting to tell you.9 Anyone that was late for class should be criticized.10 Is this factory which we visited last year?11 This is one of the best books that has ever been written12
24、Don ' t talk about such things that you don' t understand.13 She bought the same dress that I' m wearing.14 Our hometow n is not the country which it was.15 Which is known to all, paper was first made in China.16 There lived an old man that was kind to others. 15 A C A B A 610 B C C A D
25、1115 C B D D A 1620 D C A B B 2126 A B B A D D 27-30CCBC 答案与分析：I for which you are looking which you are looking for.分析： whom, which 做介词宾语时，介词一般可放在 whom, which 之前，也可放在从句原来的位 置上，但在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上，因为移开介词就失去了这一词组的 意义。2 which tthat分析：当先行词前有 the only, the very, few, little, just, right, any, all,
26、one 以及形容词最高级和序数词 来修饰时只能用关系代词 that.3 which t that分析：先行词既有人也有物时，只用that引导定语从句。4 which t that分析： 先行词是不定代词如 some, all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等， 只用that引导定语从句。5 第二个 who t that分析：主句中有 who, whom, which 时，只用 that 引导定语从句。6 which t in which / that分析：the way指方式，常用代词that替代in
27、 which结构引导定语从句，that也可省略，注意下 面句子结构！This is the way that he did it.= This is the way in which he did it.= This is the way he did it.= This is how he did it.7 that t who分析：先行词those指人时只用 Who,指物时只用that8 whom t who分析：在这个非限制性定语从句中，把I think省略不看，可知has前缺少主语。9 that t who分析：先行词是 one, anyone, no one, all, nobody
28、, anybody, none 指人时只用 who 引导定语从句。10 which t the one (that)分析：此句缺少表语 the one,注意下面句子的变化！1) This factory is the one (that) we visited last year.tIs this factory the one (that) we visited last year?2) This is the factory (that/which) we visited last year. t Is this the factory (that/which) we visited la
29、st year?II has t have分析：在one of the best books结构中，books做先行词，关系代词也应是复数，因此从句中的谓 语动词用复数。但是先行词是 the (only/very) one of the + 名词复数时， the only one 是先行词，关系 代词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数。比较： Tom is one of the boys who are often late.汤姆是经常迟到的学生之一。Tom is the only one of the boys who is often late. 汤姆是这些孩子中唯一迟到的人。12 that t
30、as分析：先行词前有such来修饰，常用关系代词as引导定语从句。比较：I enjoy such books as you have introduced to us.(as 引导定语从句 )He enjoys such books that he has bought three.(that 引导结果状语从句 )13 that t as分析：先行词前有the same用as引导定语从句是指同式样或同类的事物，而that弓I导的定语从句是指同一事物。比较： He is using the same pen as I used yesterday. 他现在用的笔和我昨天用的笔式样相同。 He i
31、s using the same pen that I used yesterday.他现在用的笔是我昨天用过的。14 which t that 分析：当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时，用 that 。15 Which t as分析：在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，as常代表主句中的整个意义，在定语从句中位置比较灵活，可放于句首，也可放在句中或句尾，用逗 号分开。比较： as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别。1) 非限制性定语从句与主句为因果关系时只用which 。Eg: He ate too much ,which made him ill.2) 非限制性定语从句是对主句的评论时，只用which。The boy cheated his mother of much money ， which was disgraceful.3) 当先行词是单词而不是句子时，只用which 。I have lost the pen, which I like very much.4) as引导的定语从句与主句的关系为一致关系，常译为“正如”，“就像”，而且位置比较灵活。16 that t who分析：在there be(lived)结构中先行词指人时用who。先行词指物时用that。